The lie that invented racism | John Biewen

1,107,894 views ใƒป 2020-11-01

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: yael ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
What is up with us white people?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื?
00:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:19
I've been thinking about that a lot the last few years,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
00:22
and I know I have company.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“.
00:24
Look, I get it --
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ืชืจืื•, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ --
00:25
people of color have been asking that question for centuries.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
00:29
But I think a growing number of white folks are too,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื–ืืช ื’ื,
00:33
given what's been going on out there
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ืœืื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
00:36
in our country.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
00:39
And notice I said, "What's up with us white people?"
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ "ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืืชื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื?"
00:42
because right now, I'm not talking about those white people,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื,
00:46
the ones with the swastikas and the hoods and the tiki torches.
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ืืœื” ืขื ืฆืœื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจืก ื•ื”ื‘ืจื“ืกื™ื ื•ืœืคื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฉ.
00:51
They are a problem and a threat.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืื™ื•ื.
00:54
They perpetrate most of the terrorism in our country,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ื–ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
00:57
as you all in Charlottesville know better than most.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืจืœื•ื˜ืกื•ื•ื™ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืจื•ื‘.
01:01
But I'm talking about something bigger and more pervasive.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:05
I'm talking about all of us,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•,
01:07
white folks writ large.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™.
01:09
And maybe, especially, people sort of like me,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
01:12
self-described progressive,
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ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื,
01:15
don't want to be racist.
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ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื.
01:17
Good white people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:21
Any good white people in the room?
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ?
01:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:24
I was raised to be that sort of person.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉื›ื–ื”.
01:27
I was a little kid in the '60s and '70s,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ื•ื”-70,
01:30
and to give you some sense of my parents:
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืฉืžืฅ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™:
01:33
actual public opinion polls at the time
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ืกืงืจื™ ื“ืขืช ืงื”ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”
01:35
showed that only a small minority, about 20 percent of white Americans,
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ื”ืจืื• ืฉืจืง ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›-20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื
01:40
approved and supported
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ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืขื ื•ืชืžื›ื•
01:43
Martin Luther King and his work with the civil rights movement
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ื‘ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ืคื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื
01:46
while Dr. King was still alive.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื“"ืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:50
I'm proud to say my parents were in that group.
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ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ืืช.
01:53
Race got talked about in our house.
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ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:56
And when the shows that dealt with race would come on the television,
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ื•ื›ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
02:00
they would sit us kids down, made sure we watched:
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื ืฉื ืฆืคื” ื‘ื”ื:
02:03
the Sidney Poitier movies, "Roots" ...
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ื ื™ ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื”, "ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื" (ืกืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘)...
02:08
The message was loud and clear,
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
02:09
and I got it:
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•:
02:11
racism is wrong; racists are bad people.
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ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช; ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื.
02:16
At the same time,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:18
we lived in a very white place in Minnesota.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืกื•ื˜ื”.
02:21
And I'll just speak for myself,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื™,
02:23
I think that allowed me to believe that those white racists on the TV screen
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
02:29
were being beamed in from some other place.
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ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืคื ื™ืžื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
02:32
It wasn't about us, really.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•, ื‘ืืžืช.
02:35
I did not feel implicated.
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ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘.
02:39
Now, I would say, I'm still in recovery from that early impression.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืจื•ืฉื ืžื•ืงื“ื.
02:44
I got into journalism
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ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช
02:45
in part because I cared about things like equality and justice.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆื“ืง.
02:52
For a long time, racism was just such a puzzle to me.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™.
02:56
Why is it still with us when it's so clearly wrong?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื”?
03:01
Why such a persistent force?
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ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชืžืฉืš?
03:05
Maybe I was puzzled because I wasn't yet looking in the right place
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืžื”ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
03:09
or asking the right questions.
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ืื• ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:12
Have you noticed
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ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘
03:14
that when people in our mostly white media
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ืฉื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•
03:19
report on what they consider to be racial issues,
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืข,
03:22
what we consider to be racial issues,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืข,
03:24
what that usually means is that we're pointing our cameras
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:27
and our microphones and our gaze
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
03:29
at people of color,
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ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ,
03:31
asking questions like,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•,
03:33
"How are Black folks or Native Americans, Latino or Asian Americans,
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"ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ืœื˜ื™ื ื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืื• ืืกื™ืืชื™ื,
03:38
how are they doing?"
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ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื?"
03:40
in a given community or with respect to some issue --
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื --
03:44
the economy, education.
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
03:47
I've done my share of that kind of journalism
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช
03:51
over many years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:54
But then George Zimmerman killed Trayvon Martin,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื–ื™ืžืจืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
03:58
followed by this unending string of high-profile police shootings
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
04:03
of unarmed Black people,
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื,
04:05
the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement,
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ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื",
04:07
Dylann Roof and the Charleston massacre,
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ื“ื™ืœืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืฆ'ืจืœืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
04:10
#OscarsSoWhite --
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#ื”ืื•ืกืงืจ ืœื‘ืŸ --
04:13
all the incidents from the day-to-day of American life,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
04:18
these overtly racist incidents
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ืื•ืชื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™
04:20
that we now get to see because they're captured on smartphones
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืกืžื˜ืจืคื•ื ื™ื
04:23
and sent across the internet.
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ื•ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
04:26
And beneath those visible events,
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ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื,
04:28
the stubborn data,
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื™ืงืฉ,
04:30
the studies showing systemic racism in every institution we have:
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•:
04:35
housing segregation, job discrimination,
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ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืืคืœื™ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช,
04:38
the deeply racialized inequities in our schools
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื–ืขื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•
04:41
and criminal justice system.
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:44
And what really did it for me,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™,
04:46
and I know I'm not alone in this, either:
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื—ืฉ ื›ืš;
04:49
the rise of Donald Trump
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ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค
04:51
and the discovery that a solid majority of white Americans
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ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื
04:56
would embrace or at least accept
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ื™ืืžืฅ ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงื‘ืœ
04:59
such a raw, bitter kind of white identity politics.
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ืกื•ื’ ื›ื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืช ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื”.
05:07
This was all disturbing to me as a human being.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
05:10
As a journalist, I found myself turning the lens around,
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ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื™,
05:16
thinking,
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
05:18
"Wow, white folks are the story.
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"ื•ืื•ื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
05:20
Whiteness is a story,"
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ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ".
05:24
And also thinking, "Can I do that?
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ื•ื’ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช?
05:28
What would a podcast series about whiteness sound like?"
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ืื™ืš ืชืฉืžืข ืกื“ืจืช ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืŸ?"
05:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:32
"And oh, by the way -- this could get uncomfortable."
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"ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื ื•ื—".
05:38
I had seen almost no journalism that looked deeply at whiteness,
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ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื ื” ืœืขื•ืžืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืŸ,
05:43
but, of course, people of color and especially Black intellectuals
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
05:47
have made sharp critiques of white supremacist culture
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ืžืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”
05:50
for centuries,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
05:51
and I knew that in the last two or three decades,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
05:53
scholars had done interesting work
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
05:56
looking at race through the frame of whiteness,
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ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื’ื–ืข ื“ืจืš ืขื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช,
05:59
what it is, how we got it, how it works in the world.
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ืžื” ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:05
I started reading,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื,
06:06
and I reached out to some leading experts on race and the history of race.
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ื•ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื–ืข ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช.
06:13
One of the first questions I asked was,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื”,
06:16
"Where did this idea of being a white person
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"ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ืŸ
06:19
come from in the first place?"
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ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”?"
06:22
Science is clear.
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
06:25
We are one human race.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื–ืข ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื—ื“.
06:27
We're all related,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœืืœื”,
06:28
all descended from a common ancestor in Africa.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
06:32
Some people walked out of Africa into colder, darker places
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:36
and lost a lot of their melanin,
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ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืœื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
06:39
some of us more than others.
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ื—ืœืงื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื.
06:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:43
But genetically, we are all 99.9 percent the same.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘99.9 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
06:48
There's more genetic diversity within what we call racial groups
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื–ืข
06:53
than there is between racial groups.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
06:56
There's no gene for whiteness or blackness or Asian-ness
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ืŸ ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืื™ืกื™ืืชื™ื•ืช
07:00
or what have you.
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ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืจืฆื•.
07:02
So how did this happen?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
07:04
How did we get this thing?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
07:06
How did racism start?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช?
07:09
I think if you had asked me to speculate on that,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš,
07:13
in my ignorance, some years ago,
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ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
07:16
I probably would have said,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•,
07:18
"Well, I guess somewhere back in deep history,
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ ืฉืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื”,
07:22
people encountered one another,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”,
07:24
and they found each other strange.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
07:27
'Your skin is a different color, your hair is different,
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"ืœืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ื ื”,
07:29
you dress funny.
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ืืชื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
07:31
I guess I'll just go ahead and jump to the conclusion
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืกื™ืง ืžื›ืš
07:34
that since you're different
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ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื ื™
07:35
that you're somehow less than me,
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ืืชื” ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื ื™,
07:37
and maybe that makes it OK for me to mistreat you.'"
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžืชืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ืš ื›ืฉื•ื•ื”".
07:41
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:42
Is that something like what we imagine or assume?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื ื•?
07:46
And under that kind of scenario,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ,
07:48
it's all a big, tragic misunderstanding.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื˜ืจืื’ื™.
07:53
But it seems that's wrong.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:56
First of all, race is a recent invention.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื’ื–ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆืื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
07:59
It's just a few hundred years old.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
08:01
Before that, yes, people divided themselves
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืœืงื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื
08:05
by religion, tribal group, language,
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ืœืคื™ ื“ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืคื”.
08:09
things like that.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
08:10
But for most of human history,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
08:12
people had no notion of race.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข.
08:15
In Ancient Greece, for example --
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ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” --
08:17
and I learned this from the historian Nell Irvin Painter --
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ืœ ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ืจ --
08:21
the Greeks thought they were better than the other people they knew about,
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ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื ืขืœื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื,
08:25
but not because of some idea that they were innately superior.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ื ื ืขืœื™ื ืžืœื™ื“ื”.
08:29
They just thought that they'd developed the most advanced culture.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:34
So they looked around at the Ethiopians,
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื,
08:37
but also the Persians and the Celts,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ื•ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ื,
08:39
and they said, "They're all kind of barbaric compared to us.
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ื•ืืžืจื•: "ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืืœื™ื ื•.
08:43
Culturally, they're just not Greek."
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื".
08:47
And yes, in the ancient world, there was lots of slavery,
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”,
08:51
but people enslaved people who didn't look like them,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืจืื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื,
08:54
and they often enslaved people who did.
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ื•ื”ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ื“ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ.
08:57
Did you know that the English word "slave" is derived from the word "Slav"?
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ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื“ - "slave" ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ืกืœืื‘ื™"?
09:03
Because Slavic people were enslaved by all kinds of folks,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืกืœืื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
09:07
including Western Europeans,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
09:09
for centuries.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช.
09:12
Slavery wasn't about race either,
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ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื’ื–ืข,
09:14
because no one had thought up race yet.
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ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืข.
09:19
So who did?
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ืื– ืžื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
09:21
I put that question to another leading historian,
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ื”ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ,
09:24
Ibram Kendi.
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ืื™ื‘ืจื ืงื ื“ื™.
09:26
I didn't expect he would answer the question
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ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”
09:28
in the form of one person's name and a date,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ืชืืจื™ืš,
09:31
as if we were talking about the light bulb.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื”.
09:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:35
But he did.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”.
09:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:38
He said, in his exhaustive research,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ
09:41
he found what he believed to be the first articulation of racist ideas.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื.
09:45
And he named the culprit.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
09:48
This guy should be more famous,
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื,
09:49
or infamous.
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ืื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”,
09:50
His name is Gomes de Zurara.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืžื– ื“ื” ื–ื•ืจืจื”.
09:53
Portuguese man.
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ืื“ื ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™
09:55
Wrote a book in the 1450s
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ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”-15
09:58
in which he did something that no one had ever done before,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ื•,
10:00
according to Dr. Kendi.
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ืœืคื™ ื“"ืจ ืงื ื“ื™.
10:02
He lumped together all the people of Africa --
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื’ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื” --
10:06
a vast, diverse continent --
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ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช --
10:09
and he described them as a distinct group,
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ื•ืชื™ืืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
10:12
inferior and beastly.
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ื ื—ื•ืชื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
10:16
Never mind that in that precolonial time
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงื“ื-ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช
10:18
some of the most sophisticated cultures in the world were in Africa.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
10:24
Why would this guy make this claim?
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื›ื–ื•?
10:28
Turns out, it helps to follow the money.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.
10:31
First of all, Zurara was hired to write that book
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื–ื•ืจืจื” ื ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”
10:34
by the Portuguese king,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™,
10:37
and just a few years before,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
10:38
slave traders --
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ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื --
10:41
here we go --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื --
10:42
slave traders tied to the Portuguese crown
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ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™
10:46
had effectively pioneered the Atlantic slave trade.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
10:49
They were the first Europeans to sail directly to sub-Saharan Africa
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”
10:53
to kidnap and enslave African people.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื.
10:57
So it was suddenly really helpful
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ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ
10:59
to have a story about the inferiority of African people
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ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
11:04
to justify this new trade
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ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
11:07
to other people, to the church,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื›ื ืกื™ื”,
11:08
to themselves.
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ืœืขืฆืžื.
11:12
And with the stroke of a pen,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฃ ืขื˜,
11:14
Zurara invented both blackness and whiteness,
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ื–ื•ืจืจื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
11:17
because he basically created the notion of blackness
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช
11:21
through this description of Africans,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
11:24
and as Dr. Kendi says,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“"ืจ ืงื ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
11:27
blackness has no meaning without whiteness.
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ืœืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
11:30
Other European countries followed the Portuguese lead
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ื
11:36
in looking to Africa for human property and free labor
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ื•ืคื ื• ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
11:40
and in adopting this fiction
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ื•ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:43
about the inferiority of African people.
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ืขืœ ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
11:47
I found this clarifying.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
11:51
Racism didn't start with a misunderstanding,
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ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”
11:53
it started with a lie.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืงืจ.
11:57
Meanwhile, over here in colonial America,
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ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช,
11:59
the people now calling themselves white got busy taking these racist ideas
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื
12:06
and turning them into law,
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื.
12:08
laws that stripped all human rights from the people they were calling Black
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืคืฉื™ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื›ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
12:14
and locking them into our particularly vicious brand of chattel slavery,
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ื•ื›ืœืื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืžืจื•ืฉืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ.
12:19
and laws that gave even the poorest white people benefits,
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ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:23
not big benefits in material terms
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ืœื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื
12:27
but the right to not be enslaved for life,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
12:30
the right to not have your loved ones torn from your arms and sold,
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจืขื• ืืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื›ื ืžื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื,
12:34
and sometimes real goodies.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ.
12:37
The handouts of free land in places like Virginia
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ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”
12:42
to white people only
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“
12:43
started long before the American Revolution
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
12:47
and continued long after.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
12:52
Now, I can imagine
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื—
12:54
there would be people listening to me -- if they're still listening --
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ -- ืื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื --
12:58
who might be thinking,
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ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•,
13:00
"Come on, this is all ancient history. Why does this matter?
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"ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืชื™ืงื”. ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”?
13:04
Things have changed.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”.
13:05
Can't we just get over it and move on?"
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ืœืžื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”?"
13:08
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
13:10
But I would argue, for me certainly,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืฉื‘ื˜ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
13:14
learning this history has brought a real shift
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ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™
13:17
in the way that I understand racism today.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
13:20
To review, two quick takeaways from what I've said so far:
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืฉื ื™ ืœืงื—ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ื”:
13:24
one, race is not a thing biologically,
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ืื—ื“, ื’ื–ืข ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
13:27
it's a story some people decided to tell;
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ืืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืกืคืจ;
13:31
and two, people told that story
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
13:33
to justify the brutal exploitation of other human beings for profit.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
13:40
I didn't learn those two facts in school.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
13:42
I suspect most of us didn't.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื.
13:44
If you did, you had a special teacher.
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ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
13:47
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
13:48
But once they sink in,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืงืœื˜ื•ืช,
13:50
for one thing, it becomes clear
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ
13:53
that racism is not mainly a problem of attitudes,
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ืฉื’ื–ืข ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื”,
13:57
of individual bigotry.
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ืฉืœ ืงื ืื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
14:00
No, it's a tool.
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ืœื, ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™.
14:02
It's a tool to divide us and to prop up systems --
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช --
14:06
economic, political and social systems
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
14:09
that advantage some people and disadvantage others.
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ืฉืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืคืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
14:13
And it's a tool to convince a lot of white folks
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื
14:15
who may or may not be getting a great deal out of our highly stratified society
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉืœื ื•
14:21
to support the status quo.
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ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื•.
14:24
"Could be worse. At least I'm white."
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"ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ".
14:29
Once I grasped the origins of racism,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช
14:32
I stopped being mystified by the fact that it's still with us.
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ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
14:38
I guess, you know, looking back,
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ื‘ืจืื™ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
14:39
I thought about racism as being sort of like the flat Earth --
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืฉื˜ื•ื— --
14:43
just bad, outdated thinking that would fade away on its own
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืชืขืœื ืžืขืฆืžื”
14:46
before long.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘.
14:49
But no, this tool of whiteness
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
14:51
is still doing the job it was invented to do.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืžืฆื.
14:55
Powerful people go to work every day,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
14:57
leveraging and reinforcing this old weapon
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ืžืžื ืคื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
15:01
in the halls of power,
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ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—,
15:03
in some broadcast studios we could mention ...
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ...
15:07
And we don't need to fuss over
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช
15:09
whether these people believe what they're saying,
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ื”ืื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
15:11
whether they're really racist.
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื.
15:13
That's not what it's about.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
15:15
It's about pocketbooks and power.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืจื ืงื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—.
15:21
Finally, I think the biggest lesson of all --
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืœืงื— ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ --
15:24
and let me talk in particular to the white folks for a minute:
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืจื’ืข:
15:31
once we understand that people who look like us
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•
15:34
invented the very notion of race
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข
15:38
in order to advantage themselves and us,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืื•ืชื ื•,
15:41
isn't it easier to see that it's our problem to solve?
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ืœื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”?
15:46
It's a white people problem.
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
15:48
I'm embarrassed to say that for a long time,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
15:51
I thought of racism as being mainly a struggle for people of color to fight,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ,
15:56
sort of like the people on the TV screen when I was a kid.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
16:00
Or, as if I was on the sidelines at a sports contest,
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ืื•, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
16:04
on one side people of color,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ,
16:06
on the other those real racists,
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืชื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
16:09
the Southern sheriff,
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ื”ืฉืจื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™,
16:10
the people in hoods.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื“ืกื™ื,
16:12
And I was sincerely rooting for people of color to win the struggle.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืžืื‘ืง.
16:17
But no.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื.
16:18
There are no sidelines.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื”ืœ.
16:21
We're all in it.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
16:23
We are implicated.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
16:26
And if I'm not joining the struggle to dismantle a system
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืคืจืง ืžืขืจื›ืช
16:29
that advantages me,
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ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืœื™ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
16:31
I am complicit.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืชื”.
16:34
This isn't about shame or guilt.
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืื• ืืฉืžื”.
16:37
White guilt doesn't get anything done,
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ืืฉืžื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืœื ืžืฉื™ื’ื” ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช,
16:39
and honestly, I don't feel a lot of guilt.
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ื•ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืฉืžื”.
16:42
History isn't my fault or yours.
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืืฉืžืชื™ ืื• ื‘ืืฉืžืชื›ื.
16:46
What I do feel is a stronger sense of responsibility
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
16:51
to do something.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
16:54
All this has altered the way that I think about and approach my work
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
16:59
as a documentary storyteller
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ื›ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื
17:01
and as a teacher.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืจื”.
17:03
But beyond that, besides that, what does it mean?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
17:05
What does it mean for any of us?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื•?
17:08
Does it mean that we support leaders
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื
17:11
who want to push ahead with a conversation about reparations?
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื?
17:15
In our communities,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
17:16
are we finding people who are working to transform unjust institutions
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื
17:21
and supporting that work?
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ื•ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื”?
17:24
At my job,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
17:25
am I the white person who shows up grudgingly
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชืžืจืžืจื•ืช
17:28
for the diversity and equity meeting,
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ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
17:31
or am I trying to figure out how to be a real accomplice
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ืื• ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™
17:33
to my colleagues of color?
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ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ?
17:36
Seems to me wherever we show up,
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื ื’ื™ืข,
17:40
we need to show up with humility and vulnerability
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
17:44
and a willingness to put down this power that we did not earn.
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
17:52
I believe we also stand to benefit
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื ืจื•ื•ื™ื—
17:55
if we could create a society
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ืื ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”
17:57
that's not built on the exploitation or oppression of anyone.
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ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื• ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
18:02
But in the end we should do this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
18:05
we should show up,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
18:07
figure out how to take action.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
18:10
Because it's right.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
18:14
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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