The lie that invented racism | John Biewen

1,082,414 views ใƒป 2020-11-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gina Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
What is up with us white people?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:19
I've been thinking about that a lot the last few years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and I know I have company.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:24
Look, I get it --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
00:25
people of color have been asking that question for centuries.
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์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
But I think a growing number of white folks are too,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด๋ณด์•„
00:33
given what's been going on out there
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค๋„
00:36
in our country.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And notice I said, "What's up with us white people?"
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์ข€ ์ „์— "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:42
because right now, I'm not talking about those white people,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ํ›„๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด์“ฐ๊ณ  ์Šค์™€์Šคํ‹ฐ์นด ํšƒ๋ถˆ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:46
the ones with the swastikas and the hoods and the tiki torches.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
They are a problem and a threat.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ž ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
They perpetrate most of the terrorism in our country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:57
as you all in Charlottesville know better than most.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒฌ๋กœํŠธ๋นŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:01
But I'm talking about something bigger and more pervasive.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ณ , ๋” ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
I'm talking about all of us,
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์ €๋Š” ์—„์—ฐํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
white folks writ large.
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01:09
And maybe, especially, people sort of like me,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„, ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
01:12
self-described progressive,
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์ž์นญ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:15
don't want to be racist.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
01:17
Good white people.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:21
Any good white people in the room?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค ์•ˆ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:24
I was raised to be that sort of person.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์ฃ .
01:27
I was a little kid in the '60s and '70s,
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์ €๋Š” 60๋…„๋Œ€, 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์˜€๊ณ 
01:30
and to give you some sense of my parents:
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์ €ํฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
01:33
actual public opinion polls at the time
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ณต์‹ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
01:35
showed that only a small minority, about 20 percent of white Americans,
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์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜, ๋Œ€๋žต 20%์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด
01:40
approved and supported
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐํ‚น์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:43
Martin Luther King and his work with the civil rights movement
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๊ทธ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—…์ ๋“ค์„
01:46
while Dr. King was still alive.
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์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
I'm proud to say my parents were in that group.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Race got talked about in our house.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ”์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:56
And when the shows that dealt with race would come on the television,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TV์— ์ธ์ข… ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ฐฉ์˜๋˜๋ฉด,
02:00
they would sit us kids down, made sure we watched:
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•‰ํ˜€๋‘๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
the Sidney Poitier movies, "Roots" ...
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์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ํฌ์ดํ‹ฐ์–ด์˜ '๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ (Roots)' ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
02:08
The message was loud and clear,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
and I got it:
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:11
racism is wrong; racists are bad people.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค.
02:16
At the same time,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
02:18
we lived in a very white place in Minnesota.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋™๋„ค์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And I'll just speak for myself,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
02:23
I think that allowed me to believe that those white racists on the TV screen
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ TV์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
02:29
were being beamed in from some other place.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
It wasn't about us, really.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:35
I did not feel implicated.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Now, I would say, I'm still in recovery from that early impression.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
I got into journalism
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์ €๋Š” ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
in part because I cared about things like equality and justice.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์ฃ .
02:52
For a long time, racism was just such a puzzle to me.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํผ์ฆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Why is it still with us when it's so clearly wrong?
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•จ์—๋„ ์™œ ์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?
03:01
Why such a persistent force?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?
03:05
Maybe I was puzzled because I wasn't yet looking in the right place
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
ํ˜น์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
or asking the right questions.
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03:12
Have you noticed
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‚˜์š”.
03:14
that when people in our mostly white media
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ
03:19
report on what they consider to be racial issues,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:22
what we consider to be racial issues,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:24
what that usually means is that we're pointing our cameras
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ
03:27
and our microphones and our gaze
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ์‹œ์„ ์„
03:29
at people of color,
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์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„œ
03:31
asking questions like,
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"ํ‘์ธ, ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค, ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•ˆ๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€
03:33
"How are Black folks or Native Americans, Latino or Asian Americans,
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ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ
03:38
how are they doing?"
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€?
03:40
in a given community or with respect to some issue --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
the economy, education.
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03:47
I've done my share of that kind of journalism
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ํ™œ๋™์„
03:51
over many years.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
But then George Zimmerman killed Trayvon Martin,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง€ ์ง€๋จธ๋งŒ์ด ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋ณธ ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ 
03:58
followed by this unending string of high-profile police shootings
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋น„๋ฌด์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ‘์ธ์„ ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
04:03
of unarmed Black people,
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04:05
the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement,
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ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:07
Dylann Roof and the Charleston massacre,
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๋”œ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฃจํ”„์™€ ์ฐฐ์Šคํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์‚ด ์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:10
#OscarsSoWhite --
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#์˜ค์Šค์นด๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ž”์น˜์ด๊ณ 
04:13
all the incidents from the day-to-day of American life,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค,
04:18
these overtly racist incidents
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด
04:20
that we now get to see because they're captured on smartphones
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—์„œ ์บก์ณ๋˜๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
04:23
and sent across the internet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ์•ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And beneath those visible events,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ
04:28
the stubborn data,
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์ง€์šธ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก,
04:30
the studies showing systemic racism in every institution we have:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์•„๋ž˜์—
04:35
housing segregation, job discrimination,
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์ง์—… ์ฐจ๋ณ„,
04:38
the deeply racialized inequities in our schools
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„ ์†์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
and criminal justice system.
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04:44
And what really did it for me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฑด
04:46
and I know I'm not alone in this, either:
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ €๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
the rise of Donald Trump
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ
04:51
and the discovery that a solid majority of white Americans
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์”์“ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
04:56
would embrace or at least accept
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ
04:59
such a raw, bitter kind of white identity politics.
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ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
05:07
This was all disturbing to me as a human being.
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ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
As a journalist, I found myself turning the lens around,
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์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค
05:16
thinking,
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"์™€, ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:18
"Wow, white folks are the story.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋กœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
05:20
Whiteness is a story,"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ € ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:24
And also thinking, "Can I do that?
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—, "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
05:28
What would a podcast series about whiteness sound like?"
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?" ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„์š”.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:32
"And oh, by the way -- this could get uncomfortable."
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"์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด."
05:38
I had seen almost no journalism that looked deeply at whiteness,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊นŠ์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“  ์–ธ๋ก ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
but, of course, people of color and especially Black intellectuals
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ํ‘์ธ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค์€
05:47
have made sharp critiques of white supremacist culture
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์ง€์ ์„
05:50
for centuries,
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ 
05:51
and I knew that in the last two or three decades,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ด์‹ญ๋…„, 30๋…„๊ฐ„
05:53
scholars had done interesting work
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ‹€์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
05:56
looking at race through the frame of whiteness,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:59
what it is, how we got it, how it works in the world.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
I started reading,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:06
and I reached out to some leading experts on race and the history of race.
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์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
One of the first questions I asked was,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
06:16
"Where did this idea of being a white person
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
06:19
come from in the first place?"
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
06:22
Science is clear.
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
We are one human race.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์ด์ฃ .
06:27
We're all related,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™์ด๊ณ .
06:28
all descended from a common ancestor in Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์กฐ์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Some people walked out of Africa into colder, darker places
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋” ์ถฅ๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
06:36
and lost a lot of their melanin,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
some of us more than others.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด์š”.
06:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:43
But genetically, we are all 99.9 percent the same.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ์™€ 99.9% ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
There's more genetic diversity within what we call racial groups
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ
06:53
than there is between racial groups.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
There's no gene for whiteness or blackness or Asian-ness
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ํ‘์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ์•„์‹œ์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ํ˜น์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š”
07:00
or what have you.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So how did this happen?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:04
How did we get this thing?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:06
How did racism start?
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:09
I think if you had asked me to speculate on that,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:13
in my ignorance, some years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ €๋Š”
07:16
I probably would have said,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
"Well, I guess somewhere back in deep history,
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"๊ธ€์Ž„, ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
07:22
people encountered one another,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ,
07:24
and they found each other strange.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:27
'Your skin is a different color, your hair is different,
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'๋‹น์‹  ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ด๋„ค์š”, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋„ค์š”.
07:29
you dress funny.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์€ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋„ค์š”.'
07:31
I guess I'll just go ahead and jump to the conclusion
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ž๋ฉด
07:34
that since you're different
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
07:35
that you're somehow less than me,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
07:37
and maybe that makes it OK for me to mistreat you.'"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
07:41
Right?
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๋งž์ฃ ?
07:42
Is that something like what we imagine or assume?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์งš๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:46
And under that kind of scenario,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ
07:48
it's all a big, tragic misunderstanding.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ์˜คํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
But it seems that's wrong.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜คํ•ด๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
First of all, race is a recent invention.
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์šฐ์„ , ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
It's just a few hundred years old.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ๋…„๋ฐ–์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Before that, yes, people divided themselves
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
by religion, tribal group, language,
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์ข…๊ต, ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์–ธ์–ด, ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:09
things like that.
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08:10
But for most of human history,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
08:12
people had no notion of race.
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์ธ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
In Ancient Greece, for example --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—์„œ, --
08:17
and I learned this from the historian Nell Irvin Painter --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ๋„ฌ ์–ผ๋นˆ ํŽ˜์ธํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
the Greeks thought they were better than the other people they knew about,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
but not because of some idea that they were innately superior.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์›”ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
08:29
They just thought that they'd developed the most advanced culture.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„๋ณดํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So they looked around at the Ethiopians,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:37
but also the Persians and the Celts,
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๋˜ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผˆํŠธ์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
and they said, "They're all kind of barbaric compared to us.
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"์ €๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ์ข€ ์•ผ๋งŒ์ ์ด์•ผ.
08:43
Culturally, they're just not Greek."
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ."
08:47
And yes, in the ancient world, there was lots of slavery,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ณ ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
but people enslaved people who didn't look like them,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๊ณ ,
08:54
and they often enslaved people who did.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Did you know that the English word "slave" is derived from the word "Slav"?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด "slave"๊ฐ€ Slav๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:03
Because Slavic people were enslaved by all kinds of folks,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šฌ๋ผ๋ธŒ ์กฑ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
09:07
including Western Europeans,
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
for centuries.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:12
Slavery wasn't about race either,
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
because no one had thought up race yet.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
So who did?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:21
I put that question to another leading historian,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž
09:24
Ibram Kendi.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์ผ„๋””์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
I didn't expect he would answer the question
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋“ฏ
09:28
in the form of one person's name and a date,
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ํŠน์ •์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋‚ ์งœ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฉฐ
09:31
as if we were talking about the light bulb.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:35
But he did.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:38
He said, in his exhaustive research,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†์—์„œ
09:41
he found what he believed to be the first articulation of racist ideas.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
And he named the culprit.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์žฅ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
This guy should be more famous,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
or infamous.
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ํ˜น์€ ์•…๋ช…์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋“ ๊ฐ€์š”.
09:50
His name is Gomes de Zurara.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฉ”์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ผ๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Portuguese man.
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ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ ๋‚จ์ž์ด๊ณ 
09:55
Wrote a book in the 1450s
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์ผ„๋”” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:58
in which he did something that no one had ever done before,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1450๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
10:00
according to Dr. Kendi.
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์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
He lumped together all the people of Africa --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด,
10:06
a vast, diverse continent --
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๊ทธ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„
10:09
and he described them as a distinct group,
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์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ผ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
inferior and beastly.
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10:16
Never mind that in that precolonial time
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์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์— ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
10:18
some of the most sophisticated cultures in the world were in Africa.
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์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:24
Why would this guy make this claim?
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์™œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
10:28
Turns out, it helps to follow the money.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋‹ต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
First of all, Zurara was hired to write that book
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๋จผ์ €, ์ฃผ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ ์™•์— ์˜ํ•ด
10:34
by the Portuguese king,
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
and just a few years before,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „,
10:38
slave traders --
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์—ญํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:41
here we go --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
slave traders tied to the Portuguese crown
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ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์˜ ์™•๊ฐ€์— ๋ฌถ์ธ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
10:46
had effectively pioneered the Atlantic slave trade.
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
They were the first Europeans to sail directly to sub-Saharan Africa
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ
10:53
to kidnap and enslave African people.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ผ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
So it was suddenly really helpful
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•จ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:59
to have a story about the inferiority of African people
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
11:04
to justify this new trade
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ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
to other people, to the church,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๊ตํšŒ,
11:08
to themselves.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:12
And with the stroke of a pen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŽœ์˜ ํ•œ ํš, ํ•œ ํš์œผ๋กœ
11:14
Zurara invented both blackness and whiteness,
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์ฃผ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:17
because he basically created the notion of blackness
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:21
through this description of Africans,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
and as Dr. Kendi says,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ„๋”” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
11:27
blackness has no meaning without whiteness.
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ํ‘์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Other European countries followed the Portuguese lead
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
11:36
in looking to Africa for human property and free labor
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์ด ์†Œ์„ค์— ์“ฐ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
11:40
and in adopting this fiction
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์žฌ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ž„๊ธˆ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์ฐพ์•„
11:43
about the inferiority of African people.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
I found this clarifying.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Racism didn't start with a misunderstanding,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์˜คํ•ด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:53
it started with a lie.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
Meanwhile, over here in colonial America,
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์˜€๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:59
the people now calling themselves white got busy taking these racist ideas
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:06
and turning them into law,
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๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”๋นด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
laws that stripped all human rights from the people they were calling Black
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์ด ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‘์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ 
12:14
and locking them into our particularly vicious brand of chattel slavery,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์•„๋™ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•…๋ž„ํ•œ ๋‚™์ธ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐ๊ธˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:19
and laws that gave even the poorest white people benefits,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
12:23
not big benefits in material terms
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ํฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด๋“๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
12:27
but the right to not be enslaved for life,
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ํ‰์ƒ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ,
12:30
the right to not have your loved ones torn from your arms and sold,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ์ด๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€
12:34
and sometimes real goodies.
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์ข…์ข… ์•„์ฃผ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
The handouts of free land in places like Virginia
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๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ
12:42
to white people only
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:43
started long before the American Revolution
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ˜๋ช… ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:47
and continued long after.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
Now, I can imagine
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
there would be people listening to me -- if they're still listening --
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์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:58
who might be thinking,
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:00
"Come on, this is all ancient history. Why does this matter?
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"์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž–์•„. ์ด์ œ ์™€์„œ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•ผ?
13:04
Things have changed.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
13:05
Can't we just get over it and move on?"
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋‚˜?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
13:08
Right?
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๋งž์ฃ ?
13:10
But I would argue, for me certainly,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ ์–ด๋„ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
13:14
learning this history has brought a real shift
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์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„
13:17
in the way that I understand racism today.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:20
To review, two quick takeaways from what I've said so far:
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์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์„ ๊ผฝ์•„๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
13:24
one, race is not a thing biologically,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ธ์ข…์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
13:27
it's a story some people decided to tell;
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹Œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.
13:31
and two, people told that story
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
13:33
to justify the brutal exploitation of other human beings for profit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
I didn't learn those two facts in school.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
I suspect most of us didn't.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:44
If you did, you had a special teacher.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋‘์…จ๊ตฐ์š”.
13:47
Right?
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๋งž์ฃ ?
13:48
But once they sink in,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:50
for one thing, it becomes clear
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
13:53
that racism is not mainly a problem of attitudes,
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
13:57
of individual bigotry.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
No, it's a tool.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
It's a tool to divide us and to prop up systems --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์ชฝ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ด๋“์ด ๋˜๋Š”
14:06
economic, political and social systems
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ •์น˜์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
14:09
that advantage some people and disadvantage others.
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์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
And it's a tool to convince a lot of white folks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์„
14:15
who may or may not be getting a great deal out of our highly stratified society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
์ด๋“์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ
14:21
to support the status quo.
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ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
"Could be worse. At least I'm white."
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"๋” ๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋‚œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
14:29
Once I grasped the origins of racism,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์‹œ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ์ดํ›„
14:32
I stopped being mystified by the fact that it's still with us.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
I guess, you know, looking back,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
14:39
I thought about racism as being sort of like the flat Earth --
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
just bad, outdated thinking that would fade away on its own
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ทธ์ € ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์‹์ธ
14:46
before long.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:49
But no, this tool of whiteness
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š”
14:51
is still doing the job it was invented to do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Powerful people go to work every day,
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ํž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ
14:57
leveraging and reinforcing this old weapon
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ™€์—์„œ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ
15:01
in the halls of power,
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์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
15:03
in some broadcast studios we could mention ...
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๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์‚ผ์•„ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:07
And we don't need to fuss over
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด
15:09
whether these people believe what they're saying,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€,
15:11
whether they're really racist.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
15:13
That's not what it's about.
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๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
It's about pocketbooks and power.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:21
Finally, I think the biggest lesson of all --
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์€
15:24
and let me talk in particular to the white folks for a minute:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ์ž ๊น ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:31
once we understand that people who look like us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:34
invented the very notion of race
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:38
in order to advantage themselves and us,
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์ธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:41
isn't it easier to see that it's our problem to solve?
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
15:46
It's a white people problem.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
I'm embarrassed to say that for a long time,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
15:51
I thought of racism as being mainly a struggle for people of color to fight,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ TV์—์„œ ๋ณด๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ 
15:56
sort of like the people on the TV screen when I was a kid.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
Or, as if I was on the sidelines at a sports contest,
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ํ˜น์€, ์ € ํ•œ ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
16:04
on one side people of color,
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ
16:06
on the other those real racists,
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ํ›„๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์“ด KKK๋‹จ์ด ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
16:09
the Southern sheriff,
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„
16:10
the people in hoods.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์— ๋น ์ ธ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
16:12
And I was sincerely rooting for people of color to win the struggle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‘์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
But no.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
16:18
There are no sidelines.
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์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
We're all in it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:23
We are implicated.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
And if I'm not joining the struggle to dismantle a system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋“์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
16:29
that advantages me,
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ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:31
I am complicit.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
This isn't about shame or guilt.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€ ํ˜น์€ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
White guilt doesn't get anything done,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
16:39
and honestly, I don't feel a lot of guilt.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
History isn't my fault or yours.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ €, ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:46
What I do feel is a stronger sense of responsibility
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ
16:51
to do something.
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์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
All this has altered the way that I think about and approach my work
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹คํ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ, ๋˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
16:59
as a documentary storyteller
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ œ ์ผ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
17:01
and as a teacher.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
But beyond that, besides that, what does it mean?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:05
What does it mean for any of us?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:08
Does it mean that we support leaders
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
17:11
who want to push ahead with a conversation about reparations?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
17:15
In our communities,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
17:16
are we finding people who are working to transform unjust institutions
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์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„
17:21
and supporting that work?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
17:24
At my job,
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ
17:25
am I the white person who shows up grudgingly
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฏธํŒ…์—
17:28
for the diversity and equity meeting,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
17:31
or am I trying to figure out how to be a real accomplice
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ํ˜น์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ
17:33
to my colleagues of color?
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์—ฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
17:36
Seems to me wherever we show up,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋“ 
17:40
we need to show up with humility and vulnerability
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†๊ณผ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ 
17:44
and a willingness to put down this power that we did not earn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด ํž˜์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
I believe we also stand to benefit
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์–ต์••๊ณผ ์ฐฉ์ทจ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
17:55
if we could create a society
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:57
that's not built on the exploitation or oppression of anyone.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
But in the end we should do this,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ 
18:05
we should show up,
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ• ์ง€
18:07
figure out how to take action.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
Because it's right.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:14
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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