John Doerr: Seeking salvation and profit in greentech

80,675 views ใƒป 2007-05-30

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Asaf Dajczman
00:25
I'm really scared. I don't think we're going to make it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœ.
ืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
00:32
Probably by now most of you have seen Al Gore's amazing talk.
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ืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืชื• ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ.
00:36
Shortly after I saw that, we had some friends over for dinner
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ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”, ืกืขื“ื• ืืฆืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
00:40
with the family. The conversation turned to global warming,
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
00:44
and everybody agreed, there's a real problem.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืงืœื™ื.
00:48
We've got a climate crisis.
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00:50
So, we went around the table to talk about what we should do.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
00:55
The conversation came to my 15-year-old daughter, Mary.
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืช ื”-15, ืžืจื™,
01:00
She said, "I agree with everything that's been said.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ.
01:05
I'm scared and I'm angry." And then she turned to me and said,
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"ืื ื™ ืคื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืขืกืช." ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืื‘ื,
01:10
"Dad, your generation created this problem; you'd better fix it." Wow.
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"ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื– ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืชืชืงื ื• ืื•ืชื”." ื•ื•ืื•!
01:18
All the conversation stopped. All the eyes turned to me.
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ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืงื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืืœื™.
01:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:27
I didn't know what to say. Kleiner's second law is,
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ.
ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ "ืงืœื™ื™ื ืจ" ื”ื•ื:
01:32
"There is a time when panic is the appropriate response."
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"ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืื ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœืžืช."
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:36
(Laughter)
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01:37
And we've reached that time. We cannot afford to underestimate
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ื•ื”ืขืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื”.
ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•.
01:43
this problem. If we face irreversible and catastrophic consequences,
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ืื ื ื›ื•ื ื• ืœื ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ืช-ืืกื•ืŸ,
01:51
we must act, and we must act decisively.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:54
I've got to tell you, for me, everything changed that evening.
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ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื‘.
01:58
And so, my partners and I, we set off on this mission to learn more,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ืขืจื›ื ื• ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:02
to try to do much more. So, we mobilized. We got on airplanes.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื“ืจืš. ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื˜ื•ืก.
02:06
We went to Brazil. We went to China and to India,
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ื˜ืกื ื• ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ. ื˜ืกื ื• ืœืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•,
02:09
to Bentonville, Arkansas, to Washington, D.C. and to Sacramento.
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ืœื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืืจืงื ืกื•, ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืกืงืจืžื ื˜ื•.
02:14
And so, what I'd like to do now is to tell you
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
02:17
about what we've learned in those journeys.
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02:20
Because the more we learned, the more concerned we grew.
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื.
02:23
You know, my partners at Kleiner and I were compulsive networkers,
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ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ื‘"ืงืœื™ื™ื ืจ" ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ืฉื™-ืจืฉืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื,
02:25
and so when we see a big problem or an opportunity
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
02:28
like avian flu or personalized medicine,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ืจืคื•ืื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช-ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
02:31
we just get together the smartest people we know.
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ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
02:34
For this climate crisis, we assembled a network, really,
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ืœืจื’ืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืขืœ
02:38
of superstars, from policy activists to scientists and entrepreneurs
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.
02:43
and business leaders. Fifty or so of them.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ.
02:45
And so, I want to tell you about what we've learned in doing that
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš,
02:49
and four lessons I've learned in the last year.
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ื•ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
02:52
The first lesson is that companies are really powerful,
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ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—,
02:56
and that matters a lot. This is a story about
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ืจื‘ื”.
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื”ืคื›ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”,
02:59
how Wal-Mart went green, and what that means.
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ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
03:02
Two years ago, the CEO, Lee Scott, believed that green is
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ, ืœื™ ืกืงื•ื˜, ืฉื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื.
03:07
the next big thing, and so Wal-Mart made going green a top priority.
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ืื– "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื ืชื ื” ืœื›ืš ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
03:13
They committed that they're going to take their existing stores
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
03:15
and reduce their energy consumption by 20 percent,
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ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘-20 ืื—ื•ื–,
03:18
and their new stores by 30 percent, and do all that in seven years.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘-30%, ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื‘-7 ืฉื ื™ื.
03:24
The three biggest uses of energy in a store are heating
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ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, 3 ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื
03:27
and air conditioning, then lighting, and then refrigeration.
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ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื•ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ืจื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ.
03:31
So, look what they did.
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ืจืื• ืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื•.
03:33
They painted the roofs of all their stores white.
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ื”ื ืฆื‘ืขื• ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ ืืช ื’ื’ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
03:36
They put smart skylights through their stores
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ื”ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฉื ื‘ื™-ื’ื’ ื—ื›ืžื™ื
03:38
so they could harvest the daylight and reduce the lighting demands.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื”.
03:42
And, third, they put the refrigerated goods
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจืจื™ื
03:44
behind closed doors with LED lighting.
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ืจืช "ืœื“".
03:47
I mean, why would you try to refrigerate a whole store?
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ื›ื™ ืœืžื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืœืžืงืจืจ?
03:50
These are really simple, smart solutions based on existing technology.
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ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
03:55
Why does Wal-Mart matter? Well, it's massive.
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ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜"? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ืช.
03:58
They're the largest private employer in America.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
04:01
They're the largest private user of electricity.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:03
They have the second-largest vehicle fleet on the road.
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ื”ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆื™-ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•.
04:07
And they have one of the world's most amazing supply chains,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื—ืช ืžืฉืจืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:10
60,000 suppliers. If Wal-Mart were a country,
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60,000 ืกืคืงื™ื. ืื™ืœื• "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
04:14
it would be the sixth-largest trading partner with China.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ-ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืขื ืกื™ืŸ.
04:17
And maybe most important, they have a big effect on other companies.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:22
When Wal-Mart declares it's going to go green and be profitable,
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ื›ืฉ"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืงื” ื•ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช,
04:27
it has a powerful impact on other great institutions.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
04:30
So, let me tell you this:
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ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืš:
04:31
when Wal-Mart achieves 20 percent energy reductions,
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ื›ืฉ"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœ 20% ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
04:34
that's going to be a very big deal. But I'm afraid it's not enough.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”.
ืืš ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื“ื™.
04:40
We need Wal-Mart and every other company to do the same.
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉ"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืš.
04:45
The second thing that we learned is that individuals matter,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
04:48
and they matter enormously.
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ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
04:51
I've got another Wal-Mart story for you, OK?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
04:53
Wal-Mart has over 125 million U.S. customers.
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ืœ"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ 125 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื,
04:56
That's a third of the U.S. population.
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
05:00
65 million compact fluorescent light bulbs were sold last year.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื ืžื›ืจื• 65 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:05
And Wal-Mart has committed they're going to sell
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ื•"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜" ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ
05:08
another 100 million light bulbs in the coming year. But it's not easy.
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ืขื•ื“ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ.
05:13
Consumers don't really like these light bulbs.
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ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
05:15
The light's kind of funny, they won't dim,
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ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžืขื ืื•ืชืŸ,
05:17
takes a while for them to start up.
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ื”ืŸ ื ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืœืื˜.
05:19
But the pay-off is really enormous.
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ืื•ืœื ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
05:22
100 million compact fluorescent light bulbs means
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื
05:25
that we'll save 600 million dollars in energy bills,
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ืฉื ื—ืกื•ืš 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
05:29
and 20 million tons of CO2 every year, year in and year out.
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ื•-20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื“"ื— ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”.
05:36
It does seem really hard to get consumers to do the right thing.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:40
It is stupid that we use two tons of steel, glass and plastic
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ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-2 ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคืœื“ื”, ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
05:45
to haul our sorry selves to the shopping mall.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ.
05:49
It's stupid that we put water in plastic bottles
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ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืคื™ื’'ื™
05:52
in Fiji and ship it here.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืืŸ.
05:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:58
It's hard to change consumer behavior
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ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื,
06:00
because consumers don't know how much this stuff costs. Do you know?
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
06:05
Do you know how much CO2 you generated to drive here or fly here?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืคื“"ื— ื”ืคืงืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืื• ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ื ื”?
06:10
I don't know, and I should.
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ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช.
06:13
Those of us who care about all this would act better
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ืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ื™ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:15
if we knew what the real costs were.
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ืื ื™ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื”ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
06:18
But as long as we pretend that CO2 is free,
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ืืš ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื“"ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื,
06:21
as long as these uses are nearly invisible, how can we expect change?
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ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™?
06:26
I'm really afraid, because I think the kinds of changes
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืคื•ื—ื“, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
06:30
we can reasonably expect from individuals
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ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“
06:33
are going to be clearly not enough.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžืกืคืงื™ื.
06:38
The third lesson we learned is that policy matters. It really matters.
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ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™: ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
06:41
In fact, policy is paramount.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ.
06:44
I've got a behind-the-scenes story for you
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื
06:46
about that green tech network I described.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™.
06:47
At the end of our first meeting, we got together to talk about
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื ืืกืคื ื• ืœืฉื•ื—ื—
06:50
what the action items would be, how we'd follow up.
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ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
06:54
And Bob Epstein raised a hand. He stood up.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืขืžื“--
06:58
You know, Bob's that Berkeley techie type who started Sybase.
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ื‘ื•ื‘, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจืงืœื™, ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช "ืกื™ื™ื‘ื™ื™ืก"--
07:01
Well, Bob said the most important thing we could do right now
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ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืจื’ืข
07:05
is to make it clear in Sacramento, California
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืงืจืžื ื˜ื• ืฉื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
07:09
that we need a market-based system of mandates
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ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™-ืฉื•ืง
07:12
that's going to cap and reduce greenhouse gases in California.
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
07:17
It's necessary and, just as important,
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช,
07:20
it's good for the California economy.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
07:22
So, eight of us went to Sacramento in August and we met
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ืื– ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื ืกืขื ื• ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืœืกืงืจืžื ื˜ื•
07:25
with the seven undecided legislators and we lobbied for AB32.
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ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ 7 ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•, ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ืง 32 ืœื’ื–ื™-ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
07:30
You know what? Six of those seven voted yes in favor of the bill,
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ื•ืžื” ืงืจื”? ืฉืฉื” ืžืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”,
07:33
so it passed, and it passed by a vote of 47 to 32.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 47 ื›ื ื’ื“ 32.
07:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืœื. ืชื•ื“ื”.
07:42
Please. Thank you.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืงื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ 2006. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
07:46
I think it's the most important legislation of 2006. Why?
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07:47
Because California was the first state in this country
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ื›ื™ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื•
07:51
to mandate 25 percent reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020.
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ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืจื‘ืข ืžื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืขื“ 2020.
07:55
And the result of that is, we're going to generate 83,000 new jobs,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ 83,000 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
08:00
four billion dollars a year in annual income, and reduce the CO2 emissions
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ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ 4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
ื•ื’ื ื ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘-174 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื”.
08:04
by 174 million tons a year.
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08:09
California emits only seven percent of U.S. CO2 emissions.
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ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ืจืง 7% ืžืกืš ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ -
08:14
It's only a percent and a half of the country's CO2 emissions. It's a great start,
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ืจืง 1.5% ืžืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช,
08:17
but I've got to tell you -- where I started -- I'm really afraid.
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ืืš ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™, ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื“.
08:22
In fact, I'm certain California's not enough.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื”.
08:26
Here's a story about national policy that we could all learn from.
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ื”ื ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืงื— ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
08:30
You know Tom Friedman says, "If you don't go, you don't know"?
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ื˜ื•ื ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ืœื ืชืœืš ืœืฉื, ืœื ืชื“ืข"
08:33
Well, we went to Brazil to meet Dr. Jose Goldemberg.
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื“"ืจ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ืžื‘ืจื’.
08:37
He's the father of the ethanol revolution.
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ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ.
08:40
He told us that Brazil's government mandated
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื”
08:43
that every gasoline station in the country would carry ethanol.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืชื ื•ืœ.
08:47
And they mandated that their new vehicles
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ื•ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง:
08:50
would be flex-fuel compatible, right?
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ.
08:52
They'd run ethanol or ordinary gasoline.
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08:55
And so, here's what's happened in Brazil.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
08:57
They now have 29,000 ethanol pumps --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• 29,000 ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืืชื ื•ืœ-
09:00
this versus 700 in the U.S., and a paltry two in California --
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ืœืขื•ืžืช 700 ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•-2 ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”-
09:04
and in three years their new car fleet
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ื•ืชื•ืš 3 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
09:06
has gone from four percent to 85 percent flex-fuel.
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ืขืœื• ืž-4% ืœ-85% ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉ.
09:11
Compare that to the U.S.: five percent are flex-fuel.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘: 5% ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื’ืžื™ืฉ.
09:14
And you know what? Most consumers who have them don't even know it.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
09:19
So, what's happened in Brazil is, they've replaced
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• 40% ืžื”ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืข"ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ืืชื ื•ืœ.
09:22
40 percent of the gasoline consumed by their automotive fleet with ethanol.
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09:26
That's 59 billion dollars since 1975
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ืืœื” 59 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžืื– 1975
09:30
that they didn't ship to the Middle East.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:32
It's created a million jobs inside that country,
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื.
09:35
and it's saved 32 million tons of CO2. It's really substantial.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืกืš 32 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื“"ื—. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
09:39
That's 10 percent of the CO2 emissions across their entire country.
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ืืœื• 10% ืžื›ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื”ื.
09:43
But Brazil's only 1.3 percent of the world's CO2 emission.
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ืืš ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ืจืง 1.3% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:47
So, Brazil's ethanol miracle, I'm really afraid, is not enough.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ืก ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
09:54
In fact, I'm afraid all of the best policies we have
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
09:57
are not going to be enough.
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ืœื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
10:01
The fourth and final lesson we've learned
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ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
10:03
is about the potential of radical innovation.
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ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื.
10:05
So, I want to tell you about a tragic problem
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื˜ืจื’ื™ืช
10:07
and a breakthrough technology.
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ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช-ื“ืจืš.
10:09
Every year a million and a half people die of
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืชื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
ืžืžื—ืœื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขื”: ื”ืžืœืจื™ื”. 6000 ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
10:12
a completely preventable disease. That's malaria. 6,000 people a day.
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10:17
All for want of two dollars' worth of medications
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” 2 ื“ื•ืœืจ
10:19
that we can buy at the corner drugstore.
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช ื”ืคื™ื ืชื™.
10:21
Well, two dollars, two dollars is too much for Africa.
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ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
10:25
So, a team of Berkeley researchers with 15 million dollars
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ืื– ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืงืœื™, ืขื 15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžืงืจืŸ "ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก",
10:29
from the Gates Foundation is engineering, designing a radical new way
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ื”ื•ื’ื” ื•ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช
10:35
to make the key ingredient, called artemisinin,
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ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืŸ.
10:39
and they're going to make that drug 10 times cheaper.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื–ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืคื™ ืขืฉืจ.
10:41
And in doing so, they'll save a million lives --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช--
10:44
at least a million lives a year. A million lives.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช!
10:47
Their breakthrough technology is synthetic biology.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช-ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
10:51
This leverages millions of years of evolution
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžื ืคืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”
10:53
by redesigning bugs to make really useful products.
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘-ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:56
Now, what you do is, you get inside the microbe,
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ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง,
10:59
you change its metabolic pathways, and you end up with a living chemical factory.
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœื•, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืคืขืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™.
11:04
Now, you may ask,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืืœื•,
11:06
John, what has this got to go with green and with climate crisis?
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"ื’'ื•ืŸ, ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœ'ื™ืจื•ืง' ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?"
11:09
Well, I'll tell you -- a lot.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื: ืงืฉืจ ืจื‘.
11:11
We've now formed a company called Amyris, and this technology
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ื”ืงืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืืžื™ืจื™ืก", ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
11:15
that they're using can be used to make better biofuels.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ.
11:19
Don't let me skip over that. Better biofuels are a really big deal.
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ืฉืจืง ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช. ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
11:23
That means we can precisely engineer the molecules in the fuel chain
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื“ืœืง
11:27
and optimize them along the way.
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ื•ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš.
11:30
So, if all goes well, they're going to have designer bugs in warm vats
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ื•ืื ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืกืชื“ืจ, ื ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœื™-ื—ืžืžื”
11:35
that are eating and digesting sugars to excrete better biofuels.
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ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื›ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:42
I guess that's better living through bugs.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
11:46
Alan Kay is famous for saying
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ืืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื•
11:48
the best way to predict the future is to invent it.
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ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ืื•.
11:50
And, of course, at Kleiner we, kind of, apologize and say
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘"ืงืœื™ื™ื ืจ" ืžืชื ืฆืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื
11:53
the second best way is to finance it.
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ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืœืžืžืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
11:55
And that's why we're investing 200 million dollars
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
11:59
in a wide range of really disruptive new technologies
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ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื•ืช
12:02
for innovation in green technologies.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช.
12:04
And we're encouraging others to do it as well.
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ื•ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
12:06
We're talking a lot about this.
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ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
12:08
In 2005, there were 600 million dollars invested in new technologies
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ื‘-2005 ื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื”.
12:13
of the sort you see here. It doubled in 2006 to 1.2 billion dollars.
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ื‘-2006 ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ ืœ-1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
12:18
But I'm really afraid we need much, much more.
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:24
For reference, fact one:
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ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžืก' 1:
12:25
Exxon's revenues in 2005 were a billion dollars a day.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช "ืืงืกื•ืŸ" ื‘-2005 ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
12:28
Do you know, they only invested 0.2 percent of revenues in R&D?
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ืจืง 0.2% ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื•"ืค?
12:32
Second fact: the President's new budget for renewable energy
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” 2: ืชืงืฆื™ื‘-ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช
12:36
is barely a billion dollars in total.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืกืš-ื”ื›ืœ;
12:39
Less than one day of Exxon's revenues.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ "ืืงืกื•ืŸ" ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“.
12:42
Third fact: I bet you didn't know that there's enough energy
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” 3: ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
12:45
in hot rocks under the country to supply America's energy needs
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ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
12:50
for the next thousand years. And the federal budget
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
ืืš ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ื•ื 20 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื
12:54
calls for a measly 20 million dollars of R&D in geothermal energy.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•"ืค ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•-ืชืจืžื™ืช
12:59
It is almost criminal that we are not investing more
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคืฉืข ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:02
in energy research in this country.
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•.
13:05
And I am really afraid that it's absolutely not enough.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
13:10
So, in a year's worth of learning we found a bunch of surprises.
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช.
13:13
Who would have thought that a mass retailer
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ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืฉืช ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช
13:15
could make money by going green? Who would have thought that
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ืชืขืฉื” ื›ืกืฃ ืžืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืงื”? ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘
13:17
a database entrepreneur could transform California with legislation?
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ืฉื™ื–ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™-ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืข"ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื”?
13:21
Who would have thought that the ethanol biofuel miracle
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ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืก ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืง ื”ืืชื ื•ืœื™
13:25
would come from a developing country in South America?
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ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ืช?
13:28
And who would have thought that scientists
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ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืจืคื ืžืœืจื™ื”
13:30
trying to cure malaria could come up with breakthroughs in biofuels?
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ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ืคืจื™ืฆืช-ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืง?
13:35
And who would have thought that all that is not enough?
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ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง?
13:40
Not enough to stabilize the climate.
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื
13:42
Not enough to keep the ice in Greenland from crashing into the ocean.
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ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ืงืจื— ื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืœื™ื.
13:46
The scientists tell us -- and they're only guessing --
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• - ื•ื”ื ืจืง ืžื ื—ืฉื™ื -
13:48
that we've got to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by one half,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”,
13:52
and do it as fast as possible.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
13:53
Now, we may have the political will to do this in the U.S.,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
13:56
but I've got to tell you, we've got only one atmosphere,
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ืืš ืขืœื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื—ืช,
14:00
and so somehow we're going to have to find the political will
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ืื– ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
14:02
to do this all around the world. The wild card in this deck is China.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
ื”ื ืขืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืŸ. ืื ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
14:09
To size the problem, China's CO2 emissions today are 3.3 gigatons;
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ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื 3.3 ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื˜ื•ืŸ,
14:15
the U.S. is 5.8. Business as usual means
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ื•ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื 5.8.
ืื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช 'ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ',
14:19
we'll have 23 gigatons from China by 2050.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื“ 2050 ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 23 ื’ื™'ื’ื”-ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืŸ.
14:22
That's about as much CO2 as there is in the whole world.
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
14:25
And if it's business as usual, we're going out of business.
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ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช 'ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ' ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืคืฉื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ.
14:28
When I was in Davos, China's Mayor of Dalian was pressed
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืื‘ื•ืก, ืœื—ืฆื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื“ืœื™ืืŸ
14:31
about their CO2 strategy, and he said the following,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:
14:34
"You know, Americans use seven times the CO2 per capita as Chinese."
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"ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื™-7 ืคื“"ื— ืœื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืžื”ืกื™ื ื™ื."
14:39
Then he asked, "Why should China sacrifice our growth
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ, "ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื”
14:43
so that the West can continue to be profligate and stupid?"
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"ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืคื–ืจื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ืคืฉื•ืช?"
14:47
Does anybody here have an answer for him? I don't.
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ื”ืื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื•? ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ.
14:52
We've got to make this economic so that all people and all nations
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืชืจื’ื ื–ืืช ืœืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:59
make the right outcome, the profitable outcome,
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ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช -
15:01
and therefore the likely outcome.
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ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”.
15:03
Energy's a six-trillion-dollar business worldwide.
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ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืกืง ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœ 6 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
15:05
It is the mother of all markets. You remember that Internet?
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื. ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
15:09
Well, I'll tell you what. Green technologies -- going green --
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืง,
15:13
is bigger than the Internet.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
15:14
It could be the biggest economic opportunity of the 21st century.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.
15:18
Moreover, if we succeed, it's going to be
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”. ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:20
the most important transformation for life on the planet since,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช ืžืื–,
15:24
as Bill Joy says, we went from methane to oxygen in the atmosphere.
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ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืœ ื’'ื•ื™, ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืžืชืืŸ ืœื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”.
15:28
Now, here's the hard question, if the trajectory of all the world's
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงืฉื”. ืื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ
15:33
companies and individuals and policies and innovation
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
15:37
is not going to be enough, what are we going to do? I don't know.
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ืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืง, ืžื” ื ืขืฉื”?
ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
15:45
Everyone here cares about changing the world
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
15:48
and has made a difference in that one way or another.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื—ื•ืœืœืชื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
15:51
So, our call to action -- my call to you --
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ืื– ืงืจื™ืืชื ื• ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื”-- ืงืจื™ืืชื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื,
15:55
is for you to make going green your next big thing, your gig.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื.
16:02
What can you do? You can personally get carbon neutral.
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ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช?
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืœื•ื˜ ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
16:08
Go to ClimateCrisis.org or CarbonCalculator.com
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ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจื™ื ClimateCrisis.org, CarbonCalculator.com
16:12
and buy carbon credits. You could join other leaders in mandating,
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ื•ืงื ื• ืืฉืจืื™ ืคื—ื. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื”
16:17
lobbying for mandated cap and trade in U.S. greenhouse gas reductions.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
16:22
There's six bills right now in Congress. Let's get one of them passed.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก 6 ื—ื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
16:27
And the most important thing you can do, I think,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™:
16:29
is to use your personal power and your Rolodex
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ื ืฆืœื• ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
16:31
to lead your business, your institution, in going green.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืขืกืง ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
16:35
Do it like Wal-Mart, get it to go green
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ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื›ืžื• "ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜", ื”ื™ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืจื•ืง
16:37
for its customers and its suppliers and for itself.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื•, ืœืžืขืŸ ืกืคืงื™ื• ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื•.
16:42
Really think outside the box.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
16:44
Can you imagine what it would be like if Amazon or eBay or Google
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ื”ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช "ืืžื–ื•ืŸ", ืื™-ื‘ื™ื™, "ื’ื•ื’ืœ",
16:49
or Microsoft or Apple really went green and you caused that to happen?
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"ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜" ืื• "ืืคืœ" ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื?
16:54
It could be bigger than Wal-Mart.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜".
16:59
I can't wait to see what we TEDsters do about this crisis.
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ืื ื™ ืžืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื•, ืื ืฉื™ TED.
17:05
And I really, really hope that we multiply all of our energy,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืจืฆื ื•,
17:09
all of our talent and all of our influence to solve this problem.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•
17:24
Because if we do, I can look forward
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ื›ื™ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”
ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ 20 ืฉื ื”.
17:30
to the conversation I'm going to have with my daughter in 20 years.
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17:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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