How teachers can help kids find their political voices | Sydney Chaffee

48,074 views ใƒป 2018-08-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืชืžื ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ื”: maor madmon
00:13
To me, social justice is a simple concept.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
00:16
It's the notion that all people in a society
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
00:19
deserve fair and equitable rights, opportunities and access to resources.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื.
00:25
But it's become controversial and nebulous,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ,
00:28
because we've stopped talking
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ
00:29
about what working for social justice actually looks like.
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ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
00:34
Working for social justice can look like this ...
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืš...
00:37
or this.
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ืื• ื›ืš.
00:39
It can look like this ...
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš...
00:41
or it can look like this ...
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš...
00:43
or my favorite ...
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ืื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื™...
00:45
it can look like that.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš.
00:47
Those are my students,
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ืืœื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
00:48
and whenever I'm asked to articulate my work or my priorities as a teacher,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื”,
00:53
I explain that I believe education can be a tool for social justice.
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ืื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืœืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
00:59
But a few months ago, I logged onto Twitter -- as I do --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื”,
01:02
and I saw that a fellow teacher had taken issue with that belief.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืจื” ืขืžื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:07
"Teachers," he said, "should not be social justice warriors,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,"ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
01:11
because the purpose of education is to educate."
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื ืš."
01:15
And he ended his argument by saying,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชื• ื›ืš,
01:17
"I teach my subject."
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"ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™."
01:20
But I reject that simplification,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:23
because teachers don't just teach subjects,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช,
01:26
we teach people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:28
When our students walk into our classrooms,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช,
01:32
they bring their identities with them.
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ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ืชื.
01:34
Everything they experience in our rooms is bound up in historical context,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™,
01:39
and so if we insist that education happens in a vacuum,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืื ื• ืžืชืขืงืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื•ืืงื•ื,
01:42
we do our students a disservice.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื•ืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:45
We teach them that education doesn't really matter,
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ืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
01:48
because it's not relevant to what's happening all around them.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
01:52
And what's happening all around them?
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ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื?
01:55
Well, racism for one.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืœ.
01:57
According to results of the Implicit Association Test,
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช,
02:00
fully 88 percent of white people harbored subconscious biases against black people,
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88 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื,
02:06
believing them to be less intelligent, lazier and more dangerous than whites.
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ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื, ืขืฆืœื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
02:12
And that's just one concrete example of the insidious effects
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
02:16
of historic and systemic racism on our country.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื•.
02:19
For more evidence, we could look at incarceration rates;
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”;
02:23
we could look at statistics on police violence against black people;
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื;
02:26
we could look at the opportunity gap in education --
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืคืขืจ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš -
02:29
so yeah, social justice belongs in our schools.
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ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื ื•.
02:34
Social justice should be a part of the mission of every school
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ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
02:37
and every teacher in America,
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ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:40
if we want "liberty and justice for all" to be more than a slogan ...
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉ"ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืง ืœื›ืœ" ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืœื•ื’ืŸ.
02:45
because schools are crucial places for children to become active citizens
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื
02:50
and to learn the skills and the tools that they need to change the world.
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ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:54
So what are those skills?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•?
02:56
OK, here's a secret:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื•ื“:
02:58
many of the skills that people need
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
02:59
to orchestrate the kinds of change that will lead to justice
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื“ืง
03:03
are already built into the work of schools.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
03:05
Things like problem-solving,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
03:07
critical thinking, collaboration, perseverance --
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ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืชืžื“ื” -
03:10
none of that should be revolutionary on its own.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืจื“.
03:13
Combine that with the ability to understand history
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ืชืฉืœื‘ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
03:16
not as one static and objective narrative on which we all agree,
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ืœื ื›ืžืงืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื,
03:21
but as a series of intertwined events
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ืืœื ื›ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื
03:24
about which there can be countless interpretations.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:27
If we deliberately choose to explore history with our students
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:30
rather than just teach it,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื,
03:32
we help them understand that history is ongoing
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
03:35
and that it's connected to current movements for justice.
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืง.
03:38
And we help them see themselves as potential players
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื
03:41
within a living history.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื”.
03:44
So those are the skills I'm talking about
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ืื– ืืœื• ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช
03:46
when I say that education can be a place
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื
03:48
to help kids learn how to work for justice.
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ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื“ืง.
03:52
But maybe the reason
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”
03:53
that my Twitter critic wasn't happy with that idea
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ืฉื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
03:57
is because he doesn't agree with my definition of justice.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืฆื“ืง.
04:00
Fair enough.
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ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™.
04:01
Maybe he and I don't see eye to eye, politically.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
04:04
But here's the thing:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:
04:06
our aim is to encourage students to articulate their own opinions,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
04:11
not to coerce them into agreeing with us,
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ืœื ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•,
04:13
so it actually doesn't matter if he and I agree.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื.
04:17
What matters is that we're helping students have those conversations
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•
04:20
with each other.
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ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:22
And that means that as adults,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
04:23
we need to learn how to become effective facilitators
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
04:26
of our students' activism.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:28
We've got to help them learn how to have really tricky conversations,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
04:32
we have to expose them to different opinions,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:35
and we have to help them see
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช
04:37
how what they're learning in school connects to the world outside.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
04:41
So here's an example of that.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš.
04:42
Every year, my students study the history of apartheid in South Africa
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
04:46
as a case study of injustice.
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ื›ื—ืงืจ ืžืงืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ ืฆื“ืง.
04:48
Now for those of you who don't know,
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ืœืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:50
apartheid was a brutally racist system,
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ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ื•ืืœื™ืžื”,
04:52
and the white-ruled government in South Africa imposed racist laws
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื
04:56
to oppress people of color,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื›ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื,
04:57
and if you resisted those laws, you risked jail time, violence or death.
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ื•ืื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ืชื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืกืชื›ื ืชื ื‘ืžืืกืจ, ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช.
05:02
And around the world, other countries' governments,
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ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
05:06
including ours in the United States,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
05:08
hesitated to sanction South Africa, because ...
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ื”ื™ืกืกื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ...
05:11
well ...
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ...
05:12
we benefited from its resources.
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ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:15
So in 1976, the South African government passed a new law
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1976, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ
05:19
which required that all students in South Africa
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ืฉื“ืจืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
05:22
learn in the language Afrikaans,
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื ืก,
05:24
which was a white language,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืคื” ืœื‘ื ื”,
05:25
and many black South Africans referred to that language
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืฉืคื” ื”ื–ื•
05:28
as the language of the oppressor.
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ื›ืฉืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื›ื.
05:30
So not surprisingly,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข,
05:31
students of color were outraged at this law.
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื–ืขืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”.
05:34
They already attended segregated schools
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื
05:37
with overcrowded classrooms,
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ืขื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช,
05:39
a lack of resources
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ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
05:40
and a frankly racist curriculum,
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ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช,
05:42
and now they were being told to learn
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
05:44
in a language neither they nor their teachers spoke.
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ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
05:48
So on the morning of June 16, 1976,
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”16 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™, 1976,
05:52
thousands of kids from the township of Soweto
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ืืœืคื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•
05:55
walked out of schools.
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ื™ืฆืื• ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
05:56
And they marched peacefully through the streets to protest the law.
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
06:01
At an intersection, they met up with the police,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช, ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
06:04
and when the kids refused to turn back,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
06:06
the police officers set dogs on them ...
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ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืกื• ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื,
06:09
and then they opened fire ...
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื™ืจื•ืช,
06:12
and the Soweto uprising ended in tragedy.
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ื•ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
06:16
Apartheid itself didn't end until almost 20 years later,
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ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืจืง 20 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:21
but the activism of those kids in Soweto profoundly changed
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื”
06:25
the way the world viewed what was happening in South Africa.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
06:29
News outlets all around the world published this photo
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ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืคืจืกืžื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
06:33
of 13-year-old Hector Pieterson,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื™ื˜ืจืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื”13,
06:35
who was one of the first people killed by police in Soweto,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•,
06:38
and it became nearly impossible to ignore the brutality
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช
06:42
of the apartheid regime.
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“.
06:43
In the months and the years that followed the Soweto uprising,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•,
06:47
more and more countries exerted political and economic pressure
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฅ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™
06:50
on the South African government to end apartheid,
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ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืชืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“,
06:53
and it was largely due to the activism of those kids in Soweto.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•.
06:59
So every year my kids learn about this.
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ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:02
And invariably, they start to draw connections
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
07:05
between those kids in Soweto and themselves.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื• ื•ืœืขืฆืžื.
07:08
And they start to ask themselves
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื
07:10
what kind of political power and agency they have.
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื.
07:14
They ask themselves whether there would ever be a reason
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืชื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื‘ื”
07:17
they would risk their lives
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื›ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
07:19
so that a future generation could live in a more just world.
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ื›ืš ืฉื“ื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:22
And most profoundly for me, every single year,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
07:26
they ask themselves whether adults will ever listen to their voices.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื”ืื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
07:32
A few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
07:33
my principal got an anonymous email from one of our students.
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:37
It informed him that the following day,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช,
07:39
the students planned to walk out of school.
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:42
This was in the wake of Michael Brown's death
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ
07:44
in Ferguson, Missouri,
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ื‘ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื–ื•ืจื™,
07:45
and the students were planning to join a walkout and march
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ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื—ืื” ื•ืœืฆืขื“ื”
07:48
in support of the Black Lives Matter movement.
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ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื".
07:51
So at this point,
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ืื– ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•,
07:52
the staff at the school had a decision to make.
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
07:55
Would we use our authority and our power to try to control the students
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ื”ืื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื
07:59
and prevent them from leaving,
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘,
08:01
or would we support them
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ืื• ืฉื ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื
08:03
as they put into practice the principles of social justice
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
08:06
that we had taught them about since the ninth-grade year?
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ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืžืื– ื›ื™ืชื” ื˜'?
08:10
So the next morning, the kids left school en masse
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื
08:13
and they gathered on the lawn.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชืืกืคื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื.
08:14
And one of the seniors jumped up on a picnic table
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื™"ื‘ ืงืคืฅ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืคื™ืงื ื™ืง
08:17
and went over safety expectations.
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ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.
08:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:20
And the younger kids took it very seriously.
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
08:22
And as teachers and as staff we told them,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืฆื•ื•ืช ืืžืจื ื• ืœื”ื,
08:25
"OK, be safe,"
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"ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืชื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื,"
08:26
and we watched as they marched off.
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ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืขื“ื•.
08:28
The kids who chose to stay spent that afternoon in class.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
08:32
They debated the merits of protest,
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ื”ื ื“ื ื• ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืื”,
08:34
they talked about the history of the Black Lives Matter movement,
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ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื",
08:37
and they went on with classes as scheduled.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ.
08:39
And those who chose to leave participated in a citywide student walkout
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ื•ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ
08:44
and raised their collective voice for justice.
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ื•ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื“ืง.
08:47
But no matter where they chose to spend the afternoon,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
08:50
our kids learned valuable lessons that day.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:54
They learned that the adults in their lives would support them
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื”ื
08:57
even as we worried for their safety.
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ื’ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื.
09:00
And they learned that they didn't need us to tell them how or when
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ื•ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืื™ืš ื•ืžืชื™
09:03
or even why to protest.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื” ืœืžื—ื•ืช.
09:05
They learned that they were members of a community of young people
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
09:09
with a shared vision of a more equitable society,
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ืขื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:12
and they learned that they had power within that society.
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ื•ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
09:15
They learned that events like the Soweto uprising
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•
09:18
are not ancient history,
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืชื™ืงื”,
09:20
and they don't have to end in tragedy.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
09:23
And that's what education as a tool for social justice can look like.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
09:29
And here's the thing:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:
09:30
our kids are ready for this kind of work.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
09:32
So in 2015,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘2015,
09:33
incoming college freshmen were surveyed,
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ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื• ืขืœ ืกืงืจ,
09:36
and 8.5 percent of them said
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ื•8.5 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ืขื ื•
09:38
that there was a "very good chance" they would participate in a protest
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ืฉื”ื™ื” "ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“" ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžื—ืื”
09:41
sometime during their college career.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื–ืžื ื ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”.
09:43
That might not seem very impressive,
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ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
09:45
but consider the fact
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉืงืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
09:47
that it's the largest number of students to say that since 1967.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืืžืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืžืฉื ืช 1967.
09:52
And 75 percent of those kids
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ื•75 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
09:53
said that helping other people who are having difficulty
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ืืžืจื• ืฉืขื–ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™
09:56
was a "very important" or "essential" goal for them.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจื” "ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”" ืื• "ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช" ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
09:58
Again, the highest number of people to say that since the late 1960s.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”60 ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช.
10:02
And research shows us that working for justice doesn't just follow
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืœื ืจืง ืžื’ื™ืขื”
10:07
from building all those skills I talked about earlier --
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ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ -
10:10
it actually goes the other way, too.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืคืš.
10:12
So working for justice, engaging in activism,
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฆื“ืง, ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื,
10:15
helps students build skills like leadership and critical thinking,
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช,
10:19
and it correlates positively with their political participation
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
10:22
and their civic engagement
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ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
10:24
and their commitment to their communities later in life.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
10:26
So in other words,
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ืื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
10:28
students are telling us that social justice matters to them
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื
10:32
and researchers are telling us that it helps students learn.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
10:36
So now it's up to us to listen,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
10:39
and that might not be easy.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ.
10:41
In 1976, one of those kids who participated in the Soweto uprising,
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ื‘1976, ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ื•,
10:46
he said that that event represented divorce
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ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ื™ืฆื’ "ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื"
10:49
between black children and their families,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
10:51
because their families had grown up under apartheid,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื• ืชื—ืช ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“,
10:53
and they knew how dangerous it was to speak out.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
10:56
They wanted their kids to lay low and stay safe.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
10:58
And when our kids threatened to walk out,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื™ืžื• ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
11:00
a lot of the adults in our community were really conflicted, too.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜, ื’ื.
11:04
Some of us worried that they might encounter violence.
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ื—ืœืงื ื• ื“ืื’ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
11:07
Other people worried that they would walk out
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ืื’ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
11:09
but they wouldn't really know why they were protesting.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ื.
11:12
And some, including some students' families,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
11:14
were really angry that the school hadn't done more
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ื›ืขืกื• ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:16
to prevent them from leaving.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘.
11:18
And all of those fears that adults have about getting this stuff wrong --
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” -
11:22
all of those fears make total sense.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
11:25
But despite those fears,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
11:27
we have got to prove to our students that we will listen to their voices
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
11:32
and that they do have the power to effect change.
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
11:36
It's our responsibility to equip our students
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:39
with the tools and the skills that they need
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ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
11:41
to insist on a more equitable world --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:44
and then sometimes, to get out of their way,
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš,
11:47
and let them apply those skills to things that they care about.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžื”ื.
11:52
Living up to that vision is going to require
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ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ
11:55
that we are flexible,
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื,
11:57
and it's going to require that we're creative.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
11:59
It's going to require that we're brave enough
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
12:01
to stand up in the face of people who try to silence
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ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง
12:05
or delegitimize dissenting voices.
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ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื.
12:08
And hardest of all,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื”,
12:09
it's going to require accepting the fact that sometimes we will be the ones
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื”
12:13
our students will rebel against.
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ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืžืจื“ื• ื ื’ื“ื.
12:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:17
Sometimes they're going to point out ways in which systems that we have created,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื•,
12:21
or in which we are complicit,
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ืื• ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,
12:23
contribute to inequity.
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ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:25
It's going to be uncomfortable, and it's going to be painful
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื ื•ื— ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืื‘
12:28
as they push us to question our own assumptions and beliefs.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:32
But what if we change the way we think about rebellion in our kids?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
12:37
When our kids rebel --
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื -
12:39
when they thoughtfully push back against our ideas
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
12:41
or the way that we do things,
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ืื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
12:43
what if we chose to see that as a sign that we're doing something right
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ืžื” ืื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ
12:48
and that they're becoming liberated?
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ื•ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื?
12:51
I know it would be easier
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:53
if their critical thinking skills manifested in more convenient ways --
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ืื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ -
12:57
on their essays or their standardized tests --
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ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื -
13:00
I get it --
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
13:01
but convenience and justice do not often go hand in hand.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืง ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“
13:05
And when our kids learn to think critically about the world around them,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื,
13:09
they become the kinds of engaged citizens
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื
13:11
who will recognize and question injustice when they see it
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ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืœื• ืกืคืง ื‘ืื™ ืฆื“ืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ืจืื• ืื•ืชื•
13:15
and work to do something about it.
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ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”.
13:17
Welcoming rebellion into our schools is going to require some rethinking
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ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืจื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช
13:22
about what teaching and learning look like,
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื ืจืื™ื,
13:24
because there's this misconception
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช
13:26
that if we give students any wiggle room, they're going to walk all over us
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ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ืจื›ื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
13:30
and classrooms and dinner tables will devolve into total chaos.
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ื•ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื™ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœื›ืื•ืก ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
13:35
And if we expect kids to sit silently and passively receive knowledge from us,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช,
13:41
then their voices will always feel overwhelming.
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ืื– ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืžื•ื›ืจืขื™ื.
13:45
But if we accept instead that learning is sometimes messy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช,
13:50
that it requires opportunities to brainstorm and mess up
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืฉืœ
13:54
and try again,
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘,
13:55
that our kids dislike chaos and want to learn
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ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
13:58
when they come to school,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
14:00
then we can set up schools to facilitate that kind of learning.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
14:05
So do me a favor and close your eyes for a second
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ืื– ืชืขืฉื• ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืจื’ืข
14:07
and imagine schools where teachers are thought partners,
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ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
14:12
letting students grapple with complex, hard issues
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ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืขื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื
14:16
and not necessarily giving them the right answers.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
14:20
And imagine schools where we let students make choices --
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ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช -
14:24
we trust them enough to do that
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช
14:26
and we let them experience the consequences of those choices.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
14:31
Imagine schools where we let students be humans,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
14:36
with all of the messiness and the uncertainty
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช
14:39
that is bound to come with that.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
14:42
Whatever you just imagined,
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ืžื” ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
14:45
it's not mythical,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื’ื“ื”,
14:47
it's not unrealistically idealistic,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ-ืœื-ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™,
14:51
because teachers all over the country are already pushing the boundaries
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
14:56
of what teaching and learning can look like
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื”
14:58
with amazing results for kids.
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ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
15:00
They're doing that in all kinds of schools,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ,
15:03
and there are countless models for teachers who want to get better
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ
15:06
at helping students learn in a way that's more authentic
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ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
15:09
and engaging and empowering.
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ืžืฉืชืคืช ื•ืžืขืฆื™ืžื”.
15:13
I was a reading a book recently,
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืกืคืจ,
15:15
it's called "The Students Are Watching,"
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื",
15:17
and it was by Ted and Nancy Sizer,
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ื•ื”ืกืคืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ื˜ื“ ื•ื ื ืกื™ ืกื™ื™ื–ืจ,
15:19
and in that book, they said that the work of education
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ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
15:21
is often described as a series of nouns,
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืฆื,
15:24
like "respect," "honesty," "integrity."
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ื›ืžื• "ื›ื‘ื•ื“", "ื›ื ื•ืช" "ื™ื•ืฉืจ".
15:27
And they say those nouns sound really impressive,
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื ื”ืืœื• ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื,
15:30
but often, they fail to actually mean anything in practice.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
15:35
But verbs, they say, are "active,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืขืœื™ื, ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ื "ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
15:37
no less demanding
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ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื
15:39
but requiring constant engagement.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช.
15:42
Verbs are not structures but, rather, engines."
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ืคืขืœื™ื ื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืžื ื•ืขื™ื."
15:46
And so as I read that, I wondered:
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ื›ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืชื”ื™ืชื™:
15:48
How do we make justice into an engine driving our work as teachers?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื“ืง ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื?
15:54
What's the verb form of justice?
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ืžื” ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืฆื“ืง?
15:58
I think there might be an answer to be found in the words of Cornel West,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื•ืกื˜,
16:02
who famously said that "justice is what love looks like in public."
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ืฉืืžืจ ืฉ"ืฆื“ืง ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ."
16:07
And all of my nerdy English teachers in the crowd
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืงื”ืœ
16:10
know that love can be a noun and a verb.
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฆื ื•ืคื•ืขืœ.
16:14
School has to be bigger.
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ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:17
It has to mean more than "I teach my subject."
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ "ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™."
16:23
School has to be about teaching people
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
16:26
to change the world for the better.
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ืื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
16:30
If we believe that,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
16:31
then teaching will always be a political act.
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ืื– ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
16:36
We can't be afraid of our students' power.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
16:40
Their power will help them make tomorrow better.
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:43
But before they can do that,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
16:45
we have to give them chances to practice today.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื’ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
16:49
And that practice should start in our schools.
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ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
16:53
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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