How do we find dignity at work? | Roy Bahat and Bryn Freedman

75,732 views ใƒป 2019-03-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Roni Weisman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nurit Noy
00:12
Bryn Freedman: You're a guy whose company funds these AI programs and invests.
0
12151
5936
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ.ืค: ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืžืžืžื ืช ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
00:18
So why should we trust you to not have a bias
1
18111
5045
ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ืš ืฉืื™ื ืš ืžื•ื˜ื”
00:23
and tell us something really useful for the rest of us
2
23180
3176
ื•ืชืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
00:26
about the future of work?
3
26380
2304
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?
00:29
Roy Bahat: Yes, I am.
4
29046
1491
ืจื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืื˜: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš.
00:30
And when you wake up in the morning and you read the newspaper
5
30561
2988
ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืขืชื•ืŸ
00:33
and it says, "The robots are coming, they may take all our jobs,"
6
33573
3449
ืฉืื•ืžืจ "ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,"
00:37
as a start-up investor focused on the future of work,
7
37046
2531
ื›ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืค ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
00:39
our fund was the first one to say
8
39601
2317
ื”ืงืจืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื•ืžืจ
00:41
artificial intelligence should be a focus for us.
9
41942
2310
ืฉืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:44
So I woke up one morning and read that and said,
10
44276
2253
ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™. ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”"
00:46
"Oh, my gosh, they're talking about me. That's me who's doing that."
11
46553
3447
ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™: ื—ื›ื” ืจื’ืข.
00:50
And then I thought: wait a minute.
12
50839
2024
00:52
If things continue,
13
52887
2412
ืื ื–ื” ื™ืžืฉืš ื›ืš,
00:55
then maybe not only will the start-ups in which we invest struggle
14
55323
5254
ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืจืง ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืค ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ื™ื™ืื‘ืงื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ,
01:00
because there won't be people to have jobs
15
60601
2561
ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
01:03
to pay for the things that they make and buy them,
16
63186
2862
ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื,
01:06
but our economy and society might struggle, too.
17
66072
2917
ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
01:09
And look, I should be the guy who sits here and tells you,
18
69013
3221
ื•ืชืจืื™, ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืคื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš,
01:12
"Everything is going to be fine. It's all going to work out great.
19
72258
3131
"ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“,
ื”ึตื™ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
01:15
Hey, when they introduced the ATM machine,
20
75413
2032
01:17
years later, there's more tellers in banks."
21
77469
2136
ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ืง."
01:19
It's true.
22
79629
1158
ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:20
And yet, when I looked at it, I thought, "This is going to accelerate.
23
80811
3316
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืชืื•ืฆื”.
01:24
And if it does accelerate, there's a chance the center doesn't hold."
24
84151
3260
ื•ืื ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื™ืงืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“"
01:27
But I figured somebody must know the answer to this;
25
87435
2483
ืื‘ืœ ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ื”,
01:29
there are so many ideas out there.
26
89942
1675
ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
01:31
And I read all the books, and I went to the conferences,
27
91641
3054
ืื– ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื,
01:34
and at one point, we counted more than 100 efforts to study the future of work.
28
94719
5644
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
01:40
And it was a frustrating experience,
29
100387
2857
ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ืžืชืกื›ืœืช,
01:43
because I'd hear the same back-and-forth over and over again:
30
103268
4015
ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘:
01:47
"The robots are coming!"
31
107307
1778
"ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื!"
01:49
And then somebody else would say,
32
109109
1603
ื•ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ:
01:50
"Oh, don't worry about that, they've always said that and it turns out OK."
33
110736
3564
"ื”ื•, ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื›ืš ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชื“ืจ"
ื•ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ:
01:54
Then somebody else would say,
34
114324
1389
01:55
"Well, it's really about the meaning of your job, anyway."
35
115737
2732
"ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš."
ื•ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื”ื ื•ืžืกืชืœืงื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ื›ื•ืกื™ืช.
01:58
And then everybody would shrug and go off and have a drink.
36
118493
2783
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืงืื‘ื•ืงื™
02:01
And it felt like there was this Kabuki theater of this discussion,
37
121300
3102
ืฉื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:04
where nobody was talking to each other.
38
124426
1875
ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
02:06
And many of the people that I knew and worked with in the technology world
39
126325
3486
ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:09
were not speaking to policy makers;
40
129835
1675
ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื”ื.
02:11
the policy makers were not speaking to them.
41
131534
2069
ื•ืื– ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”"
02:13
And so we partnered with a nonpartisan think tank NGO called New America
42
133627
4182
02:17
to study this issue.
43
137833
1333
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
02:19
And we brought together a group of people,
44
139190
2348
ื•ืฆื™ืจืคื ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:21
including an AI czar at a technology company
45
141562
3430
ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
02:25
and a video game designer
46
145016
1872
ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
02:26
and a heartland conservative
47
146912
1483
ืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืจืŸ,
02:28
and a Wall Street investor
48
148419
1244
ืžืฉืงื™ืข ืžื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜
02:29
and a socialist magazine editor --
49
149687
1960
ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘-ืขืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™,
02:31
literally, all in the same room; it was occasionally awkward --
50
151671
2968
ืžืžืฉ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืš,
02:34
to try to figure out what is it that will happen here.
51
154663
2581
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืคื”.
02:37
The question we asked was simple.
52
157268
2820
ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
02:40
It was: What is the effect of technology on work going to be?
53
160704
3413
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื”: ืžื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?
02:44
And we looked out 10 to 20 years,
54
164141
1627
ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื” 10 ืขื“ 20 ืฉื ื”,
02:45
because we wanted to look out far enough that there could be real change,
55
165792
3484
ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™,
ืืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืจื˜ืฆื™ื” ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
02:49
but soon enough that we weren't talking about teleportation or anything like that.
56
169300
3969
02:53
And we recognized --
57
173293
1378
ื•ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื•-
02:54
and I think every year we're reminded of this in the world --
58
174695
3049
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื --
02:57
that predicting what's going to happen is hard.
59
177768
2207
ืฉืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื”.
02:59
So instead of predicting, there are other things you can do.
60
179999
2856
ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:02
You can try to imagine alternate possible futures,
61
182879
2796
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื,
03:05
which is what we did.
62
185699
1152
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
03:06
We did a scenario-planning exercise,
63
186875
1758
ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ-ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื,
03:08
and we imagined cases where no job is safe.
64
188657
3066
ื•ื“ึดืžื™ึทื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฉืจื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
03:11
We imagined cases where every job is safe.
65
191747
3103
ื“ึดืžื™ึทื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
03:14
And we imagined every distinct possibility we could.
66
194874
4039
ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
03:18
And the result, which really surprised us,
67
198937
3283
ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืฉืžืื“ ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื•,
03:22
was when you think through those futures and you think what should we do,
68
202244
3698
ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:25
the answers about what we should do actually turn out to be the same,
69
205966
3915
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื”ื•ืช,
03:29
no matter what happens.
70
209905
1496
ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื” ื™ืงืจื”.
03:31
And the irony of looking out 10 to 20 years into the future is,
71
211425
3742
ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ืœ-20 ืฉื ื”,
03:35
you realize that the things we want to act on
72
215191
2409
ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื
03:37
are actually already happening right now.
73
217624
1961
ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:39
The automation is right now, the future is right now.
74
219609
2786
ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ.
03:42
BF: So what does that mean, and what does that tell us?
75
222419
2595
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”?
03:45
If the future is now, what is it that we should be doing,
76
225038
2698
ืื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ, ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:47
and what should we be thinking about?
77
227760
1870
ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช?
03:49
RB: We have to understand the problem first.
78
229654
2080
ืจื•ื™: ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
03:51
And so the data are that as the economy becomes more productive
79
231758
4039
ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช
03:55
and individual workers become more productive,
80
235821
2145
ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื™ื,
03:57
their wages haven't risen.
81
237990
1262
ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช.
03:59
If you look at the proportion of prime working-age men,
82
239276
3190
ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื— ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:02
in the United States at least,
83
242490
1492
ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
04:04
who work now versus in 1960,
84
244006
3749
ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื ืช 1960,
04:07
we have three times as many men not working.
85
247779
2468
ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
04:10
And then you hear the stories.
86
250271
1444
ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
04:11
I sat down with a group of Walmart workers and said,
87
251739
2439
ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœืžืืจื˜ ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
"ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืฆืžื™?"
04:14
"What do you think about this cashier, this futuristic self-checkout thing?"
88
254202
3643
04:17
They said, "That's nice, but have you heard about the cash recycler?
89
257869
3205
ื”ื ืขื ื•, "ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืฉืžืขืช ืขืœ ืžืžื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื?
04:21
That's a machine that's being installed right now,
90
261098
2373
ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื•ืชืงื ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”,
04:23
and is eliminating two jobs at every Walmart right now."
91
263495
2637
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื ื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœืžืืจื˜."
04:26
And so we just thought, "Geez. We don't understand the problem."
92
266156
3043
ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, "ื•ื•ืื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”."
04:29
And so we looked at the voices that were the ones that were excluded,
93
269223
3278
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง,
04:32
which is all of the people affected by this change.
94
272525
2600
ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
04:35
And we decided to listen to them,
95
275149
1587
ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื,
04:36
sort of "automation and its discontents."
96
276760
1984
ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•: "ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืชื”."
04:38
And I've spent the last couple of years doing that.
97
278768
2403
ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
04:41
I've been to Flint, Michigan, and Youngstown, Ohio,
98
281195
2396
ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ืฉื‘ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืื ื’ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ื”ื™ื•,
04:43
talking about entrepreneurs, trying to make it work
99
283615
2431
ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
04:46
in a very different environment from New York or San Francisco
100
286070
2948
ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืื• ืกืืŸ-ืคืจื ืฆื™ืกืงื•
04:49
or London or Tokyo.
101
289042
1485
ืื• ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื• ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
04:50
I've been to prisons twice
102
290551
1597
ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื
04:52
to talk to inmates about their jobs after they leave.
103
292172
2881
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•.
04:55
I've sat down with truck drivers to ask them about the self-driving truck,
104
295077
3747
ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื”ื’,
04:58
with people who, in addition to their full-time job,
105
298848
2454
ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœื”ื,
05:01
care for an aging relative.
106
301326
1784
ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ.
05:03
And when you talk to people,
107
303134
1564
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:04
there were two themes that came out loud and clear.
108
304722
2951
ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
05:08
The first one was that people are less looking for more money
109
308285
4844
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ
05:13
or get out of the fear of the robot taking their job,
110
313153
3278
ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ืงื— ืžื”ื ืืช ืžืฉืจืชื,
05:16
and they just want something stable.
111
316455
1896
ื”ื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘.
05:18
They want something predictable.
112
318375
1540
ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฆืคื•ื™.
05:19
So if you survey people and ask them what they want out of work,
113
319939
3675
ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืกื•ืงืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื ืœึฐืžื” ื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:23
for everybody who makes less than 150,000 dollars a year,
114
323638
3480
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-150,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
05:27
they'll take a more stable and secure income, on average,
115
327142
3356
ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
05:30
over earning more money.
116
330522
1865
ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
05:32
And if you think about the fact that
117
332411
2214
ื•ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
05:34
not only for all of the people across the earth who don't earn a living,
118
334649
3388
ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืœื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืžื—ื™ื”,
05:38
but for those who do,
119
338061
1191
ืืœื ื’ื ืืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ,
05:39
the vast majority earn a different amount from month to month
120
339276
2960
ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
05:42
and have an instability,
121
342260
1214
ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช,
05:43
all of a sudden you realize,
122
343498
1397
ืคืชืื•ื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ,
05:44
"Wait a minute. We have a real problem on our hands."
123
344919
2498
"ืจื’ืข, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช."
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืœืงื— ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื•,
05:47
And the second thing they say, which took us a longer time to understand,
124
347441
3723
05:51
is they say they want dignity.
125
351188
2378
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
05:53
And that concept of self-worth through work
126
353894
5112
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืš-ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
05:59
emerged again and again and again in our conversations.
127
359030
2611
ืฆืฅ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:01
BF: So, I certainly appreciate this answer.
128
361665
2984
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ืื ื™ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืžืขืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
06:04
But you can't eat dignity,
129
364673
1471
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
06:06
you can't clothe your children with self-esteem.
130
366168
2885
ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ืš ืขื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
06:09
So, what is that, how do you reconcile --
131
369077
3488
ืื– ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื --
06:12
what does dignity mean,
132
372589
1841
ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
06:14
and what is the relationship between dignity and stability?
133
374454
3663
ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช?
06:18
RB: You can't eat dignity. You need stability first.
134
378141
2484
ืจื•ื™: ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
06:20
And the good news is,
135
380649
1238
ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
06:21
many of the conversations that are happening right now
136
381911
2755
ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื
06:24
are about how we solve that.
137
384690
1562
ื”ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
06:26
You know, I'm a proponent of studying guaranteed income,
138
386276
3865
ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช
06:30
as one example,
139
390165
1277
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช,
06:31
conversations about how health care gets provided
140
391466
2288
ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
06:33
and other benefits.
141
393778
1239
ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
06:35
Those conversations are happening,
142
395041
1777
ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื,
06:36
and we're at a time where we must figure that out.
143
396842
2396
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
06:39
It is the crisis of our era.
144
399262
1641
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
06:40
And my point of view after talking to people
145
400927
2912
ื•ื”ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
06:43
is that we may do that,
146
403863
2040
ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช,
06:45
and it still might not be enough.
147
405927
1580
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง.
06:47
Because what we need to do from the beginning is understand
148
407531
2807
ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
06:50
what is it about work that gives people dignity,
149
410362
2240
06:52
so they can live the lives that they want to live.
150
412626
3340
ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
06:55
And so that concept of dignity is ...
151
415990
4015
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ...
07:00
it's difficult to get your hands around,
152
420029
1932
ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข,
07:01
because when many people hear it -- especially, to be honest, rich people --
153
421985
3599
ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื "ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช."
07:05
they hear "meaning."
154
425608
1156
07:06
They hear "My work is important to me."
155
426788
1906
ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, "ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื™."
07:08
And again, if you survey people and you ask them,
156
428718
3637
ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ืืชื” ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื,
07:12
"How important is it to you that your work be important to you?"
157
432379
3500
"ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืš?"
07:15
only people who make 150,000 dollars a year or more
158
435903
3301
ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื 150,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:19
say that it is important to them that their work be important.
159
439228
4223
ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
07:24
BF: Meaning, meaningful?
160
444050
1225
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช?
07:25
RB: Just defined as, "Is your work important to you?"
161
445744
2877
ืจื•ื™: ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื”: "ื”ืื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืš?"
07:29
Whatever somebody took that to mean.
162
449950
1716
ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
07:31
And yet, of course dignity is essential.
163
451690
1914
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
07:33
We talked to truck drivers who said,
164
453628
1720
ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืืžืจื•,
07:35
"I saw my cousin drive, and I got on the open road and it was amazing.
165
455372
3964
"ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืŸ-ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื ื•ื”ื’, ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
07:39
And I started making more money than people who went to college."
166
459360
3070
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ"
ืื—ืจ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื•ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•,
07:42
Then they'd get to the end of their thought and say something like,
167
462454
3174
"ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
07:45
"People need their fruits and vegetables in the morning,
168
465652
2645
ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื."
07:48
and I'm the guy who gets it to them."
169
468321
1799
ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื•.
07:50
We talked to somebody who, in addition to his job, was caring for his aunt.
170
470144
3540
07:53
He was making plenty of money.
171
473708
1499
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืืœื ื•:
07:55
At one point we just asked,
172
475231
1317
07:56
"What is it about caring for your aunt? Can't you just pay somebody to do it?"
173
476572
4262
"ืžื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš? ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืœื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?"
08:00
He said, "My aunt doesn't want somebody we pay for.
174
480858
2493
ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืœื ืœื•.
08:03
My aunt wants me."
175
483375
1202
ื”ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื™."
08:04
So there was this concept there of being needed.
176
484601
3667
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืš.
08:08
If you study the word "dignity," it's fascinating.
177
488292
2457
ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” "ื›ื‘ื•ื“" (ื“ื™ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™), ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
08:10
It's one of the oldest words in the English language, from antiquity.
178
490773
3275
ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช:
08:14
And it has two meanings:
179
494072
1152
08:15
one is self-worth,
180
495248
1154
ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืจืš-ืขืฆืžื™,
08:16
and the other is that something is suitable, it's fitting,
181
496426
4227
ื•ื”ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชืื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:20
meaning that you're part of something greater than yourself,
182
500677
2858
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืš,
08:23
and it connects to some broader whole.
183
503559
1823
ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:25
In other words, that you're needed.
184
505406
1717
ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš.
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ืื– ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช,
08:27
BF: So how do you answer this question,
185
507147
1874
ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื,
08:29
this concept that we don't pay teachers,
186
509045
2050
08:31
and we don't pay eldercare workers,
187
511119
2268
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืงื ื™ื,
08:33
and we don't pay people who really care for people
188
513411
3126
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
08:36
and are needed, enough?
189
516561
2286
ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื, ืžืกืคื™ืง?
08:38
RB: Well, the good news is, people are finally asking the question.
190
518871
3182
ืจื•ื™: ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:42
So as AI investors, we often get phone calls
191
522077
2303
ืื– ื›ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
08:44
from foundations or CEOs and boardrooms saying,
192
524404
2730
ืžืงืจื ื•ืช, ืื• ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื,
08:47
"What do we do about this?"
193
527158
1305
"ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”?"
08:48
And they used to be asking,
194
528487
1309
ื•ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ,
08:49
"What do we do about introducing automation?"
195
529820
2112
"ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”?"
08:51
And now they're asking, "What do we do about self-worth?"
196
531956
2698
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืจืš-ืขืฆืžื™?"
08:54
And they know that the employees who work for them
197
534678
2423
ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
08:57
who have a spouse who cares for somebody,
198
537125
2246
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
08:59
that dignity is essential to their ability to just do their job.
199
539395
3523
ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื.
09:02
I think there's two kinds of answers:
200
542942
1776
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช:
09:04
there's the money side of just making your life work.
201
544742
2526
ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืชืคืงื“ื•.
09:07
That's stability. You need to eat.
202
547292
2325
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
09:09
And then you think about our culture more broadly,
203
549641
2337
ื•ืื– ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:12
and you ask: Who do we make into heroes?
204
552002
2678
ื•ืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ: "ืืช ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื?"
09:14
And, you know, what I want is to see the magazine cover
205
554704
4460
ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื–ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ
09:19
that is the person who is the heroic caregiver.
206
559188
2752
ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืกื™ืขื•ื“.
09:22
Or the Netflix series that dramatizes the person
207
562292
2730
ืื• ืืช ืกื“ืจืช ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก ืฉืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™
09:25
who makes all of our other lives work so we can do the things we do.
208
565046
3237
ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
09:28
Let's make heroes out of those people.
209
568307
1823
ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
09:30
That's the Netflix show that I would binge.
210
570154
2033
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื“ืจืช ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื’'.
09:32
And we've had chroniclers of this before --
211
572211
2279
ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ --
09:34
Studs Terkel,
212
574514
1214
ืกื˜ืื“ืก ื˜ืจืงืœ,
09:35
the oral history of the working experience in the United States.
213
575752
3706
ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
09:39
And what we need is the experience of needing one another
214
579482
3152
ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ
09:42
and being connected to each other.
215
582658
1625
ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
09:44
Maybe that's the answer for how we all fit as a society.
216
584307
3040
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”.
09:47
And the thought exercise, to me, is:
217
587371
1722
ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื:
09:49
if you were to go back 100 years and have people --
218
589117
2578
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ 100 ืฉื ื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื– --
09:51
my grandparents, great-grandparents, a tailor, worked in a mine --
219
591719
3771
ืœืกื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืœืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืœืชื•ืคืจ, ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื•ืช --
09:55
they look at what all of us do for a living and say, "That's not work."
220
595514
3825
ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก, ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•, "ื–ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”."
09:59
We sit there and type and talk, and there's no danger of getting hurt.
221
599363
3769
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื”ืคื’ืข.
10:03
And my guess is that if you were to imagine 100 years from now,
222
603526
3491
ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื”,
10:07
we'll still be doing things for each other.
223
607041
2012
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:09
We'll still need one another.
224
609077
1406
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
10:10
And we just will think of it as work.
225
610507
2007
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:12
The entire thing I'm trying to say
226
612538
1674
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
10:14
is that dignity should not just be about having a job.
227
614236
2873
ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:17
Because if you say you need a job to have dignity,
228
617133
2857
ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
10:20
which many people say,
229
620014
1444
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
10:21
the second you say that, you say to all the parents
230
621482
2817
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื
10:24
and all the teachers and all the caregivers
231
624323
2445
ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื
10:26
that all of a sudden,
232
626792
1174
ืฉืคืชืื•ื,
10:27
because they're not being paid for what they're doing,
233
627990
2547
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
10:30
it somehow lacks this essential human quality.
234
630561
2293
ื”ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื–ื”.
10:32
To me, that's the great puzzle of our time:
235
632878
2104
ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•:
10:35
Can we figure out how to provide that stability throughout life,
236
635006
3111
ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
10:38
and then can we figure out how to create an inclusive,
237
638141
2533
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื›ืœืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
10:40
not just racially, gender, but multigenerationally inclusive --
238
640698
4267
ืœื ืจืง ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืจื‘-ื’ื–ืขื™ืช, ืจื‘-ืžื™ื ื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืจื‘-ื“ื•ืจื™ืช --
10:44
I mean, every different human experience included --
239
644989
4879
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื›ืœืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื --
10:49
in this way of understanding how we can be needed by one another.
240
649892
3203
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
10:53
BF: Thank you. RB: Thank you.
241
653119
1366
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืจื•ื™: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:54
BF: Thank you very much for your participation.
242
654509
2197
ื‘ืจื™ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชืš.
10:56
(Applause)
243
656730
1150
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7