How do we find dignity at work? | Roy Bahat and Bryn Freedman

75,899 views ใƒป 2019-03-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jungmin Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Whayoung Cha
00:12
Bryn Freedman: You're a guy whose company funds these AI programs and invests.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ: ์ด AI ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์— ํŽ€๋”ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‹œ์ง€์š”.
00:18
So why should we trust you to not have a bias
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๋กœ์ด์”จ๊ฐ€ ํŽธํŒŒ์„ฑ ์—†์ด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ
00:23
and tell us something really useful for the rest of us
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
00:26
about the future of work?
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๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์™œ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
00:29
Roy Bahat: Yes, I am.
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๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:30
And when you wake up in the morning and you read the newspaper
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์ฃ .
00:33
and it says, "The robots are coming, they may take all our jobs,"
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” "๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•—์•„๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค."๊ณ  ๋ผ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:37
as a start-up investor focused on the future of work,
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์ง์—…์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋กœ์„œ,
00:39
our fund was the first one to say
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽ€๋“œ๋Š”
00:41
artificial intelligence should be a focus for us.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So I woke up one morning and read that and said,
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์–ด๋А ๋‚  ์•„์นจ, ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:46
"Oh, my gosh, they're talking about me. That's me who's doing that."
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"์˜ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋‚ด ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž–์•„? ์ € ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฐ."
00:50
And then I thought: wait a minute.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ž ๊น๋งŒ.
00:52
If things continue,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉด,
00:55
then maybe not only will the start-ups in which we invest struggle
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํŒ” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋‹ˆ
01:00
because there won't be people to have jobs
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
01:03
to pay for the things that they make and buy them,
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01:06
but our economy and society might struggle, too.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:09
And look, I should be the guy who sits here and tells you,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
01:12
"Everything is going to be fine. It's all going to work out great.
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"๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ATM ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ดํ›„
01:15
Hey, when they introduced the ATM machine,
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01:17
years later, there's more tellers in banks."
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋’ค, ์€ํ–‰์—๋Š” ์ง์›์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์ฃ ."
01:19
It's true.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
And yet, when I looked at it, I thought, "This is going to accelerate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด.
01:24
And if it does accelerate, there's a chance the center doesn't hold."
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
01:27
But I figured somebody must know the answer to this;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
01:29
there are so many ideas out there.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ , ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:31
And I read all the books, and I went to the conferences,
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์–ด์ฉ” ๋• ์ง์—…์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 100๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:34
and at one point, we counted more than 100 efforts to study the future of work.
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01:40
And it was a frustrating experience,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์–ด์š”.
01:43
because I'd hear the same back-and-forth over and over again:
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:47
"The robots are coming!"
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"๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”!"
01:49
And then somebody else would say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
"Oh, don't worry about that, they've always said that and it turns out OK."
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"์˜ค, ๊ฑฑ์ •๋งˆ์š”. ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ž–์•„์š”."
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
01:54
Then somebody else would say,
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"์Œ, ์ง์—…์˜ ์˜์˜ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
01:55
"Well, it's really about the meaning of your job, anyway."
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01:58
And then everybody would shrug and go off and have a drink.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ์œผ์“ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ์ž” ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜
02:01
And it felt like there was this Kabuki theater of this discussion,
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์„œ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ถ€ํ‚ค ๊ทน์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:04
where nobody was talking to each other.
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ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€
02:06
And many of the people that I knew and worked with in the technology world
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์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
were not speaking to policy makers;
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์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
02:11
the policy makers were not speaking to them.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‰ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด(New America)๋ผ๋Š”
02:13
And so we partnered with a nonpartisan think tank NGO called New America
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02:17
to study this issue.
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์ •์น˜์ƒ‰์—†๋Š” ์”ฝํฌํƒฑํฌ NGO์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:19
And we brought together a group of people,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
including an AI czar at a technology company
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ AI ์ฑ…์ž„์ž,
02:25
and a video game designer
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ,
02:26
and a heartland conservative
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์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํŒŒ ๋‹น์›,
02:28
and a Wall Street investor
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์›”๊ฐ€์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž,
02:29
and a socialist magazine editor --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์žก์ง€ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:31
literally, all in the same room; it was occasionally awkward --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
to try to figure out what is it that will happen here.
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02:37
The question we asked was simple.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
It was: What is the effect of technology on work going to be?
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'๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ง์—…์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ?' ์˜€์ฃ .
02:44
And we looked out 10 to 20 years,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 10๋…„์—์„œ 20๋…„์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
02:45
because we wanted to look out far enough that there could be real change,
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์ •๋ง ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด๋‚  ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:49
but soon enough that we weren't talking about teleportation or anything like that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And we recognized --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
and I think every year we're reminded of this in the world --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
02:57
that predicting what's going to happen is hard.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:59
So instead of predicting, there are other things you can do.
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์˜ˆ์ธก ์™ธ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
You can try to imagine alternate possible futures,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:05
which is what we did.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
We did a scenario-planning exercise,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:08
and we imagined cases where no job is safe.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
03:11
We imagined cases where every job is safe.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
And we imagined every distinct possibility we could.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And the result, which really surprised us,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
03:22
was when you think through those futures and you think what should we do,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:25
the answers about what we should do actually turn out to be the same,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
no matter what happens.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And the irony of looking out 10 to 20 years into the future is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ 10๋…„ ~ 20๋…„ ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์€
03:35
you realize that the things we want to act on
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๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด
03:37
are actually already happening right now.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
The automation is right now, the future is right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
BF: So what does that mean, and what does that tell us?
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฐ๋“œ๋จผ: ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:45
If the future is now, what is it that we should be doing,
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:47
and what should we be thinking about?
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๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
03:49
RB: We have to understand the problem first.
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๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
And so the data are that as the economy becomes more productive
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์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ,
03:55
and individual workers become more productive,
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๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋„ ๋”์šฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:57
their wages haven't risen.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:59
If you look at the proportion of prime working-age men,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋ด๋„,
์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ 1960๋…„๋„์˜
04:02
in the United States at least,
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๋…ธ๋™ ์ „์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์†ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ.
04:04
who work now versus in 1960,
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04:07
we have three times as many men not working.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด 3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
And then you hear the stories.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
I sat down with a group of Walmart workers and said,
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์ €๋Š” ์›”๋งˆํŠธ ์ง์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
"What do you think about this cashier, this futuristic self-checkout thing?"
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"์ด ์ดˆํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์…€ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?"
04:17
They said, "That's nice, but have you heard about the cash recycler?
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ข‹์€๋ฐ, ํ˜น์‹œ ์ž๋™ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”.
04:21
That's a machine that's being installed right now,
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04:23
and is eliminating two jobs at every Walmart right now."
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์›”๋งˆํŠธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ."
๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋“  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด, "์ด๋Ÿฐ. ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ตฐ."์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:26
And so we just thought, "Geez. We don't understand the problem."
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04:29
And so we looked at the voices that were the ones that were excluded,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์™ธ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
04:32
which is all of the people affected by this change.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And we decided to listen to them,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
sort of "automation and its discontents."
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์ผ์ข…์˜ "์ž๋™ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ"์œผ๋กœ์š”.
04:38
And I've spent the last couple of years doing that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
I've been to Flint, Michigan, and Youngstown, Ohio,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฑด์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ, ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์˜ ์˜์ฆˆํƒ€์šด์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:43
talking about entrepreneurs, trying to make it work
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์ผ์ฃ .
04:46
in a very different environment from New York or San Francisco
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๋‰ด์š•, ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”, ํ˜น์€
04:49
or London or Tokyo.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ๋„์ฟ„์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:50
I've been to prisons twice
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๊ต๋„์†Œ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
to talk to inmates about their jobs after they leave.
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์ถœ์†Œํ•œ ๋’ค์— ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
04:55
I've sat down with truck drivers to ask them about the self-driving truck,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์šด์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ ,
04:58
with people who, in addition to their full-time job,
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ํ’€ํƒ€์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๋‚˜์ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์นœ์ ์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ด์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์ฃ .
05:01
care for an aging relative.
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05:03
And when you talk to people,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
05:04
there were two themes that came out loud and clear.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
The first one was that people are less looking for more money
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๋จผ์ €, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ผ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
05:13
or get out of the fear of the robot taking their job,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•—์•„ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ์—๋„ ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์•ˆ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
05:16
and they just want something stable.
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๊ทธ์ € ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
They want something predictable.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
So if you survey people and ask them what they want out of work,
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1๋…„ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด 150,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:23
for everybody who makes less than 150,000 dollars a year,
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์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:27
they'll take a more stable and secure income, on average,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋Œ€์‹ 
05:30
over earning more money.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And if you think about the fact that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:34
not only for all of the people across the earth who don't earn a living,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:38
but for those who do,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
05:39
the vast majority earn a different amount from month to month
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜
05:42
and have an instability,
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
all of a sudden you realize,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
"Wait a minute. We have a real problem on our hands."
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"์ž ๊น. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ž–์•„."
05:47
And the second thing they say, which took us a longer time to understand,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:51
is they say they want dignity.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And that concept of self-worth through work
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์ง์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด
05:59
emerged again and again and again in our conversations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
BF: So, I certainly appreciate this answer.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
But you can't eat dignity,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ๋จน์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
06:06
you can't clothe your children with self-esteem.
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์ž์กด๊ฐ์„ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
06:09
So, what is that, how do you reconcile --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:12
what does dignity mean,
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์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
06:14
and what is the relationship between dignity and stability?
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์กด์—„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:18
RB: You can't eat dignity. You need stability first.
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๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
And the good news is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€,
06:21
many of the conversations that are happening right now
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์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
are about how we solve that.
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06:26
You know, I'm a proponent of studying guaranteed income,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์†Œ๋“(๋ณด์žฅ์†Œ๋“) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:30
as one example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด,
06:31
conversations about how health care gets provided
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณต์ง€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹น์ด
06:33
and other benefits.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค
06:35
Those conversations are happening,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:36
and we're at a time where we must figure that out.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋•Œ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
It is the crisis of our era.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And my point of view after talking to people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„ ์ œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š”
06:43
is that we may do that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:45
and it still might not be enough.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Because what we need to do from the beginning is understand
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กด์—„์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
06:50
what is it about work that gives people dignity,
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06:52
so they can live the lives that they want to live.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:55
And so that concept of dignity is ...
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์กด์—„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€....
07:00
it's difficult to get your hands around,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
because when many people hear it -- especially, to be honest, rich people --
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์˜๋ฏธ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
they hear "meaning."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋‚ด ์ผ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
They hear "My work is important to me."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰,
07:08
And again, if you survey people and you ask them,
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07:12
"How important is it to you that your work be important to you?"
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"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
07:15
only people who make 150,000 dollars a year or more
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์˜ค์ง ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด 150,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด
07:19
say that it is important to them that their work be important.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋งจ: '์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:24
BF: Meaning, meaningful?
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07:25
RB: Just defined as, "Is your work important to you?"
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๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, "๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Whatever somebody took that to mean.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”.
07:31
And yet, of course dignity is essential.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
We talked to truck drivers who said,
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์ €ํฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
"I saw my cousin drive, and I got on the open road and it was amazing.
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"์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ํ›„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
And I started making more money than people who went to college."
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:42
Then they'd get to the end of their thought and say something like,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ง‰๋ฐ”์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์นจ์— ๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ์•ผ์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
"People need their fruits and vegetables in the morning,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ ."
07:48
and I'm the guy who gets it to them."
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
We talked to somebody who, in addition to his job, was caring for his aunt.
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07:53
He was making plenty of money.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
At one point we just asked,
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07:56
"What is it about caring for your aunt? Can't you just pay somebody to do it?"
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"๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ชจ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?"
08:00
He said, "My aunt doesn't want somebody we pay for.
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๊ทธ๋Š” "์ €์˜ ์ด๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:03
My aunt wants me."
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์ €๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So there was this concept there of being needed.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—๋Š” "ํ•„์š”"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
If you study the word "dignity," it's fascinating.
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"์กด์—„์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
It's one of the oldest words in the English language, from antiquity.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ . ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์˜ค๋Š”
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And it has two meanings:
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:15
one is self-worth,
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08:16
and the other is that something is suitable, it's fitting,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
meaning that you're part of something greater than yourself,
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์ฆ‰, ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
08:23
and it connects to some broader whole.
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๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
In other words, that you're needed.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด "ํ•„์š”"ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋งจ: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
08:27
BF: So how do you answer this question,
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08:29
this concept that we don't pay teachers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
08:31
and we don't pay eldercare workers,
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์š”์–‘๋ณดํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
08:33
and we don't pay people who really care for people
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:36
and are needed, enough?
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:38
RB: Well, the good news is, people are finally asking the question.
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๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
So as AI investors, we often get phone calls
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AI ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
08:44
from foundations or CEOs and boardrooms saying,
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์žฌ๋‹จ, CEO ํ˜น์€ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
"What do we do about this?"
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"์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–กํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
08:48
And they used to be asking,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
"What do we do about introducing automation?"
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"์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
08:51
And now they're asking, "What do we do about self-worth?"
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–กํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
And they know that the employees who work for them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค, ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์ด
08:57
who have a spouse who cares for somebody,
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๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:59
that dignity is essential to their ability to just do their job.
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์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
I think there's two kinds of answers:
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
there's the money side of just making your life work.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด
09:07
That's stability. You need to eat.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ. ์ž…์— ํ’€์น ์€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:09
And then you think about our culture more broadly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:12
and you ask: Who do we make into heroes?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:14
And, you know, what I want is to see the magazine cover
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:19
that is the person who is the heroic caregiver.
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๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์„ ์˜์›…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šด ์žก์ง€ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
Or the Netflix series that dramatizes the person
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„
09:25
who makes all of our other lives work so we can do the things we do.
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๊ฐ์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์š”.
09:28
Let's make heroes out of those people.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜์›…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:30
That's the Netflix show that I would binge.
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์ด ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค ์‡ผ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
And we've had chroniclers of this before --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
Studs Terkel,
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์Šคํ„ฐ๋“œ ํ„ฐ์ผˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ,
09:35
the oral history of the working experience in the United States.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ๋™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And what we need is the experience of needing one another
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜,
09:42
and being connected to each other.
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Maybe that's the answer for how we all fit as a society.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
And the thought exercise, to me, is:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:49
if you were to go back 100 years and have people --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 100๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด...
09:51
my grandparents, great-grandparents, a tailor, worked in a mine --
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์ œ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ฆ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์žฌ๋‹จ์‚ฌ, ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋กœ ์ผํ•˜์…จ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:55
they look at what all of us do for a living and say, "That's not work."
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
We sit there and type and talk, and there's no danger of getting hurt.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•‰์•„์„œ ํƒ€์ž์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”, ๋‹ค์น  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
10:03
And my guess is that if you were to imagine 100 years from now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 100๋…„ ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:07
we'll still be doing things for each other.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
We'll still need one another.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And we just will think of it as work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
The entire thing I'm trying to say
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:14
is that dignity should not just be about having a job.
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์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ์ง์—…๋งŒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Because if you say you need a job to have dignity,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:20
which many people say,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:21
the second you say that, you say to all the parents
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ,
10:24
and all the teachers and all the caregivers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:26
that all of a sudden,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:27
because they're not being paid for what they're doing,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:30
it somehow lacks this essential human quality.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:32
To me, that's the great puzzle of our time:
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‚œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Can we figure out how to provide that stability throughout life,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:38
and then can we figure out how to create an inclusive,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:40
not just racially, gender, but multigenerationally inclusive --
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ , ์  ๋”์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์‚ถ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
I mean, every different human experience included --
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€
10:49
in this way of understanding how we can be needed by one another.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:53
BF: Thank you. RB: Thank you.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ•ซ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:54
BF: Thank you very much for your participation.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ: ์ฐธ์„ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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