John Delaney: Wiring an interactive ocean

25,535 views ใƒป 2010-07-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
For a moment, what I need to do
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ืœืจื’ืข ืงื˜, ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
00:18
is project something on the screen of your imagination.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื›ื.
00:23
We're in 17th century Japan
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17 ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
00:25
on the west coast,
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
00:28
and a little, wizened monk
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ื•ื ื–ื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ื—ื•ืฉ
00:31
is hurrying along, near midnight,
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ืžืžื”ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืขืช ื—ืฆื•ืช
00:34
to the crest of a small hill.
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ืœืคืกื’ืช ื’ื‘ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
00:37
He arrives on the small hill,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”
00:39
dripping with water.
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ื ื•ื˜ืฃ ื–ื™ืขื”.
00:41
He stands there,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืฉื,
00:43
and he looks across at the island, Sado.
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ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™, ืกืื“ื•.
00:46
And he scans across the ocean, and he looks at the sky.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืจืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื”.
00:51
Then he says to himself, very quietly,
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ื•ืื– ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืจื‘,
00:55
"[Turbulent the sea,]
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"[ื”ื’ืขืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื,]
00:58
[Stretching across to Sado]
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[ื”ื ืคืจืฉ ืœืื•ืจืš ืกืื“ื•]
01:01
[The Milky Way]."
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[ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘]"
01:04
Basho was a brilliant man.
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ื‘ืืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
01:08
He said more with less
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช
01:10
than any human
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื
01:12
that I have ever read or talked to.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื™-ืคืขื ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื•.
01:16
Basho, in 17 syllables,
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ื‘ืืฉื•, ื‘-17 ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช,
01:19
juxtaposed
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ืฉื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”
01:22
a turbulent ocean
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ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื’ื•ืขืฉ
01:24
driven by a storm now past,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื•ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืขื‘ืจื”,
01:28
and captured the almost
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ื•ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™
01:31
impossible beauty
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ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™
01:34
of our home galaxy
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
01:37
with millions of stars,
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ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
01:41
probably hundreds and hundreds of -- who knows how many -- planets,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืื•ืช -- ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” -- ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช,
01:44
maybe even an ocean
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
01:46
that we will probably call Sylvia in time.
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ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื ืงืจื ืœื• ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:52
As he was nearing his death,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื•ืชื•,
01:55
his disciples and followers
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•
01:58
kept asking him,
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ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•,
02:00
"What's the secret?
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"ืžื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื“?
02:02
How can you
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ
02:04
make haiku poems so beautiful so easily?"
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื™ืคื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื”?"
02:09
And toward the end, he said,
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ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืคื•, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
02:14
"If you would know the pine tree,
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"ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ,
02:17
go to the pine tree."
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ืœื›ื• ืืœ ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ."
02:20
That was it.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
02:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:25
Sylvia has said we must use
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ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืืžืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
02:27
every capacity we have
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
02:30
in order to know the oceans.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
02:32
If we would know the oceans,
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ืื ื ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
02:34
we must go to the oceans.
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ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
02:36
And what I'd like to talk to you today about, a little bit,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
02:39
is really transforming
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื” ืืช
02:42
the relationship, or the interplay,
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™,
02:45
between humans and oceans
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
02:47
with a new capability
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
02:50
that is not at all routine yet.
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ืช ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ.
02:52
I hope it will be.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”.
02:55
There are a few key points.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืคืชื—.
02:57
One of them is the oceans are central
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
02:59
to the quality of life on earth.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:03
Another is that there are bold, new ways
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช
03:06
of studying oceans
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ืœื—ืงืจ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
03:08
that we have not used well yet.
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™.
03:11
And the last is that these bold, new ways
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ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
03:13
that we are exploring
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ื•ื”ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื
03:15
as a community
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ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
03:17
will transform the way we look at our planet, our oceans,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
03:20
and eventually how we manage
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื•
03:22
probably the entire planet, for what it's worth.
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ืžืชื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•.
03:27
So what scientists do when they begin
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ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•
03:29
is to start with the system.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:31
They define what the system is.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:33
The system isn't Chesapeake Bay.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืคืจืฅ ืฆ'ืกืคื™ืง.
03:35
It's not the Kuril arc. It's not even the entire Pacific.
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืงืฉืช ืงืืจื•. ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™.
03:38
It's the whole planet,
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•,
03:40
the entire planet, continents and oceans together.
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื•, ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
03:43
That's the system.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:45
And basically, our challenge
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
03:47
is to optimize the benefits
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:50
and mitigate the risks
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ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
03:52
of living on a planet that's driven by only two processes,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื,
03:55
two sources of energy,
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ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
03:57
one of which is solar,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื•ืœืจื™,
03:59
that drives the winds, the waves,
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ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
04:01
the clouds, the storms and photosynthesis.
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ื”ืขื ื ื™ื, ื”ืกืขืจื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•-ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”.
04:04
The second one is internal energy.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™.
04:06
And these two war against one another
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ื•ืฉืชื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
04:08
almost continuously.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”.
04:10
Mountain ranges, plate tectonics,
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ืจื›ืกื™ ื”ืจื™ื, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื
04:12
moves the continents around, forms ore deposits.
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ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉืงืขื™ ืขืคืจื•ืช,
04:15
Volcanoes erupt.
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ื”ืจื™-ื’ืขืฉ ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื.
04:17
That's the planet that we live on.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
04:19
It's immensely complex.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:21
Now I don't expect all of you to see all the details here,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืคื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
04:23
but what I want you to see is
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื”ื•ื
04:25
this is about 10 percent
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ืฉื–ื” ื›-10 ืื—ื•ื–
04:28
of the processes that operate within
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ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืคืขืœื• ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
04:30
the oceans almost continuously,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ,
04:32
and have for the last 4 billion years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
04:35
This is a system that's been around a very long time.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“.
04:38
And these have all co-evolved.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:40
What do I mean by that?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ?
04:42
They interact with one another constantly.
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ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:45
All of them interact with one another.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:48
So the complexity of this system that we're looking at,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”,
04:51
the one driven by the sun --
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ื”ืื—ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ --
04:53
upper portion, mostly --
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• --
04:55
and the lower portion is partly driven
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื•
04:57
by the input from heat below
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ืžืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉืžืชื—ืช
04:59
and by other processes.
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ื•ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:01
This is very, very important
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
05:03
because this is the system, this is the crucible,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื–ื” ื”ื›ื•ืจ
05:05
out of which life on the planet came,
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ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:08
and it's now time for us to understand it.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”.
05:11
We must understand it.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”.
05:14
That's one of the themes that Sylvia reminds us about:
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื•;
05:16
understand this ocean of ours,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœื ื•,
05:19
this basic life support system,
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:22
the dominant life support system on the planet.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื–ื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:26
Look at this complexity here.
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
05:28
This is only one variable.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื—ื“.
05:30
If you can see the complexity,
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
05:32
you can see how
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“
05:34
tiny, little eddies
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ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
05:37
and large eddies and the motion --
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ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” --
05:39
this is just sea surface temperature,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ืคื ื™-ื”ื™ื,
05:41
but it's immensely complicated.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
05:43
Now a layer in,
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ื›ืขืช ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ืช,
05:45
the other two or three hundred processes
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ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
05:47
that are all interacting,
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ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
05:49
partly as a function of temperature, partly as a function of all the other factors,
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ื—ืœืงื ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”, ื—ืœืงื ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
05:52
and you've got a really complicated system.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื‘ืืžืช.
05:54
That's our challenge, is to understand,
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
05:57
understand this system in new and phenomenal ways.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
06:00
And there's an urgency to this.
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ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืืŸ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช.
06:03
Part of the urgency comes from the fact
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ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
06:05
that, of order, a billion people on the planet currently
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ืฉืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘
06:08
are undernourished or starving.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื• ื’ื•ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘.
06:11
And part of the issue
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
06:13
is for Cody --
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงื•ื“ื™ --
06:16
who's here,
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ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ --
06:18
16 years old --
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ื‘ืŸ 16 --
06:20
and I have permission to relay this number.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”.
06:23
When he, 40 years from now,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื, 40 ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื,
06:26
is the age of Nancy Brown,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื ืกื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ,
06:28
there are going to be
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ื–ื”
06:31
another two and a half billion people on the planet.
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ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
06:35
We can't solve all the problems
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ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
06:38
by looking only at the oceans,
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ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
06:40
but if we don't understand
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
06:42
the fundamental life support system of this planet
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ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื–ื”,
06:44
much more thoroughly than we do now,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ื•ื,
06:46
then the stresses that we will face,
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ืื– ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื,
06:48
and that Cody will face,
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ื•ืฉืงื•ื“ื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœื,
06:50
and even Nancy, who's going to live till she's 98,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื ืกื™, ืืฉืจ ืชื—ื™ื” ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 98,
06:53
will have really problems coping.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื.
06:58
All right, let's talk about another perspective
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจ
07:00
on the importance of the oceans.
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ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
07:03
Look at this diagram, which is showing
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืืจ
07:06
warm waters in red,
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ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื,
07:08
cool waters in blue,
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ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ,
07:10
and on the continents, what you're seeing in bright green,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ื”ื™ืจ,
07:13
is the growth of vegetation,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื”,
07:15
and in olive green, the dieback of vegetation.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.
07:17
And in the lower left hand corner there's a clock ticking away
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ื•ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžืชืงืชืง
07:20
from 1982 to 1998
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ืž-1982 ืขื“ 1998
07:22
and then cycling again.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
07:25
What you'll see is that the rhythms
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ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืงืฆื‘ื™
07:27
of growth, of vegetation --
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ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื” --
07:30
a subset of which is food on the continents --
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ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช --
07:32
is directly tied to the rhythms
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงืฆื‘ื™
07:34
of the sea surface temperatures.
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ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™-ื”ื™ื.
07:37
The oceans control,
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื,
07:39
or at least significantly influence,
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช,
07:42
correlate with,
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ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืขื
07:44
the growth patterns and the drought patterns
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ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช
07:46
and the rain patterns on the continents.
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ื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.
07:48
So people in Kansas, in a wheat field in Kansas,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื ื–ืก, ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงื ื–ืก,
07:51
need to understand that the oceans
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
07:53
are central to them as well.
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
07:55
Another complexity: this is the age of the oceans.
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
07:58
I'm going to layer in on top of this
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“
08:00
the tectonic plates.
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ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
08:03
The age of the ocean, the tectonic plates,
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
08:06
gives rise to a totally new phenomenon
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ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
08:08
that we have heard about
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ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”
08:10
in this conference.
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ื‘ื›ื ืก ื–ื”.
08:12
And I share with you some very high-definition video
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
08:15
that we collected in real time.
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ืฉืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
08:18
Seconds after this video was taken,
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ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื•ืœื,
08:21
people in Beijing,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื ื’,
08:23
people in Sydney, people in Amsterdam,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื“ื ื™, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื
08:25
people in Washington D.C. were watching this.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฆืคื• ื‘ื•.
08:28
Now you've heard of hydrothermal vents,
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ืืชื ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•-ืชืจืžื™ื™ื,
08:30
but the other discovery
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื
08:32
is that deep below the sea floor,
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ืฉืขืžื•ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
08:35
there is vast reservoir of microbial activity,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”
08:38
which we have only just discovered
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ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื”,
08:40
and we have almost no way to study.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
08:43
Some people have estimated
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื•
08:45
that the biomass
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ืฉื”ืžืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
08:47
tied up in these microbes
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืืœื”
08:49
living in the pours and the cracks
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื
08:51
of the sea floor and below
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ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืชื™ื”, ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืœืก"ื”
08:54
rival the total amount of living biomass
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ื”ืžืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื”
08:56
at the surface of the planet.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™-ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช.
08:58
It's an astonishing insight,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
09:00
and we have only found out about this recently.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:02
This is very, very exciting.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ.
09:05
It may be the next rainforest,
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขืจ-ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื‘ื,
09:08
in terms of pharmaceuticals.
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ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
09:10
We know little or nothing about it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืื• ื›ืœื•ื.
09:14
Well, Marcel Proust has this wonderful saying
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ืœืžืจืกืœ ืคืจื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื™ืฉ ื”ืขืจื” ื ืคืœืื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช,
09:17
that, "The real voyage of discovery
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"ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื
09:19
consists not so much in seeking new territory,
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ืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
09:22
but possibly in having new sets of eyes,"
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ืืœื ืžืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช",
09:25
new ways of seeing things,
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ืจืื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
09:27
a new mindset.
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ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉ.
09:29
And many of you remember
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
09:31
the early stages of oceanography,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
09:33
when we had to use what we had at our fingertips.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
09:36
And it wasn't easy. It wasn't easy in those days.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื.
09:39
Some of you remember this, I'm sure.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื—ืœืงื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ืืช.
09:44
And now, we have an entire suite of tools
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื
09:47
that are really pretty powerful --
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช --
09:49
ships, satellites, moorings.
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ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช, ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืขื’ื™ื ื”.
09:53
But they don't quite cut it. They don't quite give us what we need.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
09:56
And the program that I wanted to talk to you about
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ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื
09:58
just a little bit here,
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ,
10:00
was funded, and it involves autonomous vehicles
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื
10:03
like the one running across the base of this image.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื”ืจืฅ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•.
10:06
Modeling: on the right hand side,
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ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื: ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ,
10:09
there's a very complex computational model.
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ื ืžืฆื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
10:12
On the left hand side, there's a new type of mooring,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™, ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืขื’ื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ
10:14
which I'll show you in just a second.
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืžื™ื™ื“.
10:16
And on the basis
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ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก
10:18
of several points,
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ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช,
10:20
the oceans are complex, and they're central to the life on earth.
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
10:23
They are changing rapidly, but not predictably.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
10:26
And the models that we need to predict the future
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ื•ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“
10:28
do not have enough data to refine them.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื“ื“ื.
10:30
The computational power
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ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช
10:32
is amazing.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
10:34
But without data, those models
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
10:36
will never ever be predicted.
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ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื.
10:38
And that's what we really need.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
10:40
For a variety of reasons they're dangerous,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื,
10:42
but we feel that OOI,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉ-OOI,
10:44
this Ocean Observatory Initiative,
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ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
10:46
which the National Science Foundation
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื“ืขื™ื
10:48
has begun to fund,
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ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืžืžืŸ,
10:50
has the potential to really transform things.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:52
And the goal of the program is to
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื
10:54
launch an era of scientific discovery
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ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช
10:56
and understanding
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืชืคืจืก ืœืื•ืจื›ื ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื
10:58
across and within the ocean basins,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืฉืœ ืื’ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
11:00
utilizing widely accessible,
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื™ืฉื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง,
11:03
interactive telepresence.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
11:06
It's a new world.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ.
11:08
We will be present throughout
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ืื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื•, ืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ืžืงื•
11:10
the volume of the ocean, at will,
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ืฉืœ ื ืคื— ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื™ืžื•
11:13
communicating in real time.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•.
11:15
And this is what the system involves,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช,
11:17
a number of sites in the southern hemisphere,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ,
11:20
shown in those circles.
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ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ื”ื.
11:22
And in the northern hemisphere there are four sites.
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ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืชืจื™ื.
11:24
I won't talk a lot about most of them right here,
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ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื, ืœื ืื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ.
11:27
but the one on the west coast, that's in the box,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช,
11:29
is called the regional scale nodes.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืฆื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
11:32
It was once called Neptune.
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ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื ืคื˜ื•ืŸ.
11:34
And let me show you what's behind it.
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”.
11:37
Fiber: next-generation way of communicating.
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ืกื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ.
11:40
You can see the copper tips on these things.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:43
You can transmit power,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืกืคืง,
11:45
but the bandwidth is in those tiny, little threads
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
11:48
smaller than the hair on your head in diameter.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื›ื.
11:51
And this particular set here
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ
11:54
can transmit something of the order of
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ
11:56
three to five terabits per second.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ ื—ืžืฉ ื˜ืจื”-ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื”.
11:59
This is phenomenal bandwidth.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
12:01
And this is what the planet looks like.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:03
We are already laced up
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื
12:05
as if we're in a fiber optic corset, if you like.
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ื›ื™ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ืš ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
12:08
This is what it looks like.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
12:10
And the cables go really continent to continent.
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ื•ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช.
12:13
It's a very powerful system,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”,
12:15
and most of our communications consist of it.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื ื”.
12:17
So this is the system that I'm talking about,
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”,
12:19
off the west coast. It's coincident with the tectonic plate,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ -- ื—ื•ืคืคืช ืœืœื•ื— ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™,
12:22
the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate.
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ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ื—ื•ืืŸ ื“ื”-ืคื•ืงื”.
12:24
And it's going to deliver abundant power
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฉื’ืจ ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืง
12:26
and unprecedented bandwidth
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ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื
12:28
across this entire volume --
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ืฉื™ื—ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคื— ื”ื–ื” --
12:30
in the overlying ocean,
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืžืขืœ,
12:32
on the sea floor and below the sea floor.
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ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื™ืชื•.
12:34
Bandwidth and power
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ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ื•ื”ืกืคืง
12:36
and a wide variety of processes
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ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื
12:38
that will be operating.
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ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉื•.
12:40
This is what one of those primary nodes looks like,
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฆืžืชื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช.
12:42
and it's like a sub station with power and bandwidth
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื ืช-ืžื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืกืคืง ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก
12:45
that can spread out over an area the size of Seattle.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืก ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›ืฉืœ ืกื™ืื˜ืœ.
12:49
And the kind of science that can be done
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข
12:51
will be determined by a variety of scientists who want to be involved
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ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ
12:54
and can bring the instrumentation to the table.
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
12:57
They will bring it and link it in.
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ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ื—ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื•.
12:59
It'll be, in a sense, like having time on a telescope,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค,
13:02
except you'll have your own port.
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ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืกื•ืฃ ืžืฉืœืš.
13:05
Climate change, ocean acidification,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
13:07
dissolved oxygen,
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ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืžื•ืžืก,
13:09
carbon cycle, coastal upwelling,
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ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ, ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืคื ื™-ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ื,
13:11
fishing dynamics --
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ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’ --
13:13
the full spectrum of
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ืžืœื•ื ื”ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ
13:15
earth science and ocean science
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ืžื“ืขื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื“ืขื™ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
13:17
simultaneously in the same volume.
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ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื ืคื—.
13:19
So anyone coming along later
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ
13:21
simply accesses the database
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ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
13:24
and can draw down the information they need
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš
13:26
about anything that has taken place.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
13:28
And this is just the first of these.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ.
13:31
In conjunction with our Canadian colleagues, we've set this up.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื ื• ื”ืงื ื“ื™ื, ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
13:34
Now I want to take you into the caldera.
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ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ื.
13:36
On the left hand side there
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื
13:38
is a large volcano called Axial Seamount.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืจ-ื’ืขืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืจ ืชืช-ื™ืžื™ ืฆื™ืจื™.
13:41
And we're going to go down into the Axial Seamount
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ื•ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื“ืช ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจ ื”ืชืช-ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™
13:43
using animation.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”.
13:45
Here's what this system is going to look like
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื™ืจืื”,
13:47
that we are funded to build at this point.
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ื–ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”.
13:50
Very powerful.
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
13:52
That's an elevator that's constantly moving up and down,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืœื™ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื”,
13:54
but it can be controlled by the folks on land
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื”
13:57
who are responsible for it.
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ื•ื”ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
13:59
Or they can transfer control
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
14:01
to someone in India or China
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืื• ืกื™ืŸ
14:03
who can take over for a while,
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ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘.
14:05
because it's all going to be directly connected
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
14:07
through the Internet.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
14:09
There will be massive amounts of data flowing ashore,
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ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื–ืจืžื• ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
14:12
all available to anyone who has any interest in using it.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
14:15
This is going to be much more powerful
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง
14:17
than having a single ship
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืช
14:19
in a single location,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“
14:21
then move to a new location.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ื ืขื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
14:23
We're flying across the caldera floor.
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ืื ื• ื˜ืกื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ.
14:27
There is a number of robotic systems.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
14:29
There's cameras that can be turned on and off at your will,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื” ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•,
14:32
if those are your experiments.
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ืื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•.
14:34
The kinds of systems that will be down there,
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ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”,
14:36
the kinds of instruments that will be on the sea floor,
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ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
14:39
consist of -- if you can read them there --
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืž -- ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื” --
14:41
there's cameras, there's pressure sensors,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
14:43
fluorometers, there's seismometers.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช-ืื•ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ืžื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื™-ืื“ืžื”.
14:45
It's a full spectrum of tools.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื.
14:47
Now, that mound right there
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ื”ืชืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื
14:49
actually looks like this.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ื›ืš.
14:51
This is what it actually looks like.
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ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื”.
14:54
And this is the kind of activity
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช
14:56
that we can see with high-definition video,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
14:58
because the bandwidth of these cables
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืคืก ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•
15:01
is so huge
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ
15:03
that we could have five to 10
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื ื• 5 ืขื“ 10 ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช
15:05
stereo HD systems
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ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”
15:07
running continuously
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”
15:09
and, again, directed through robotic techniques from land.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”.
15:14
Very, very powerful.
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ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™.
15:17
And these are the things that we're funded to do today.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืขื.
15:19
So what can we actually do tomorrow?
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ืื– ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืจ?
15:21
We're about to ride the wave
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœ
15:23
of technological opportunity.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
15:26
There are emerging technologies throughout
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื• ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื•
15:29
the field around oceanography,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
15:31
which we will incorporate into oceanography,
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ืฉืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
15:33
and through that convergence,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”,
15:35
we will transform oceanography into something even more magical.
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ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืกื•ื.
15:39
Robotics systems are just incredible these days,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช,
15:42
absolutely incredible.
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
15:44
And we will be bringing robotics of all sorts
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
15:46
into the ocean.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
15:49
Nanotechnology: this is a small generator.
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ื ื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”: ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ.
15:51
It's smaller than a postage stamp,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืืจ,
15:53
and it can generate power just by being
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™
15:55
attached to your shirt as you move.
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ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื.
15:57
Just as you move, it generates power.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื–ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
16:00
There are many kinds of things that can be used in the ocean, continuously.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ.
16:05
Imaging: Many of you know a good deal more about this type of thing than I,
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ื”ื“ืžื™ื”: ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
16:08
but stereo imaging at four times the definition
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ื”
16:11
that we have in HD
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘-HD,
16:13
will be routine within five years.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
16:15
And this is the magic one.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืกื•ื.
16:17
As a result of the human genome process,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
16:19
we are in a situation where
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘
16:21
events that take place in the ocean --
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ืฉืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก --
16:24
like an erupting volcano, or something of that sort --
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจ-ื’ืขืฉ ืžืชืคืจืฅ, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” --
16:26
can actually be sampled.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื’ื•ื ืื•ืชื.
16:28
We pump the fluid through one of these systems,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
16:31
and we press the button,
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ื•ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ,
16:33
and it's analyzed for the genomic character.
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ื•ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืœืื™ืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ืฉืœื•.
16:35
And that's transmitted back to land immediately.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื‘ืฉื”.
16:38
So in the volume of the ocean,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื ืคื— ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
16:40
we will know, not just the physics and the chemistry,
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ื ื“ืข, ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
16:43
but the base of the food chain
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ืืœื ืฉื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
16:45
will be transparent to us
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ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืฃ
16:47
with data on a continuous basis.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื–ืจื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืข.
16:50
Grid computing: the power of grid computers
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช: ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช
16:52
is going to be just amazing here.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
16:54
We will soon be using grid computing
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช
16:56
to do pretty much everything, like adjust the data
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
16:59
and everything
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ
17:01
that goes with the data.
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ืฉื‘ื ืขื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
17:03
The power generation will come from the ocean itself.
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืขืฆืžื•.
17:06
And the next generation fiber
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
17:08
will be simply magic.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืขืฉื• ืงืกืžื™ื.
17:10
It's far beyond what we currently have.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:13
So the presence of the power
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ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
17:15
and the bandwidth in the environment
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ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืคืก ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
17:17
will allow all of these new technologies
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ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
17:19
to converge in a manner that is just unprecedented.
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ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื.
17:22
So within five to seven years,
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ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
17:24
I see us having
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ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
17:26
a capacity to be completely present
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
17:28
throughout the ocean
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
17:30
and have all of that connected to the Internet,
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
17:32
so we can reach many, many folks.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
17:35
Delivering the power and the bandwidth into the ocean
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ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืคืก ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
17:38
will dramatically accelerate adaptation.
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ื™ืื™ืฅ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
17:41
Here's an example.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
17:43
When earthquakes take place, massive amounts
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช
17:45
of these new microbes we've never seen before
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืงื•ื“ื
17:47
come out of the sea floor.
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื.
17:49
We have a way of addressing that,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”,
17:51
a new way of addressing that.
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ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
17:54
We've determined from the earthquake activity that you're seeing here
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ืงื‘ืขื ื• ืžืจืขืฉ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
17:57
that the top of that volcano is erupting,
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ืฉืคืกื’ืช ื”ืจ-ื”ื’ืขืฉ ืžืชืคืจืฆืช,
18:00
so we deploy the troops.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช.
18:02
What are the troops? The troops are the autonomous vehicles, of course.
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ืžื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช? ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืœื™-ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
18:05
And they fly into the erupting volcano.
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ื•ื”ื ื˜ืกื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืจ-ื”ื’ืขืฉ ื”ืžืชืคืจืฅ.
18:08
They sample the fluids coming out of the sea floor
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ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื
18:10
during an eruption,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช,
18:12
which have the microbes that have never been
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื ืจืื•
18:14
to the surface of the planet before.
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ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™-ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
18:16
They eject it to the surface where it floats,
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ื”ื ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™-ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืฆืคื™ื,
18:18
and it is picked up
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ื•ื ื“ื’ืžื™ื
18:20
by an autonomous airplane,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
18:23
and it's brought back to the laboratory
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ื•ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”
18:26
within 24 hours of the eruption.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืื– ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช.
18:28
This is doable. All the pieces are there.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืจ-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
18:34
A laboratory: many of you heard what happened
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ืžืขื‘ื“ื”: ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื• ืžื” ืงืจื”
18:36
on 9/7.
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ื‘-9/7.
18:38
Some doctors in New York City removed
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ืกื™ืจื•
18:40
the gallbladder of a woman in France.
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ืืช ื›ื™ืก-ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
18:44
We could do work on the sea floor that would be stunning,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื.
18:46
and it would be on live TV,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ื“ืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
18:48
if we have interesting things to show.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’.
18:51
So we can bring an entirely new telepresence
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
18:54
to the world, throughout the ocean.
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ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืื•ืจื›ื• ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
18:57
This -- I've shown you sea floor --
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ื–ื” -- ื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื™ื.
18:59
but so the goal here is real time interaction
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
19:01
with the oceans from anywhere on earth.
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ืขื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
19:06
It's going to be amazing.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
19:09
And as I go here,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืืŸ,
19:11
I just want to show you what we can bring into classrooms,
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ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
19:14
and indeed, what we can bring into your pocket.
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ื•ื’ื ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
19:20
Many of you don't think of this yet,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš,
19:22
but the ocean will be in your pocket.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
19:24
It won't be long. It won't be long.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื™ื•ื. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
19:28
So let me leave you then
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ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื
19:31
with a few words
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ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื
19:33
from another poet, if you'll forgive me.
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ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืื ืชืกืœื—ื• ืœื™.
19:39
In 1943,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1943,
19:41
T.S. Eliot wrote the "Four Quartets."
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ื˜.ืก. ืืœื™ื•ื˜ ื›ืชื‘ ืืช "ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ื•ืช".
19:43
He won the Nobel Prize for literature
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช
19:45
in 1948.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1948.
19:48
In "Little Gidding" he says --
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ื‘-"Little Gidding" ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ --
19:50
speaking I think for the human race,
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ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™,
19:52
but certainly for the TED Conference and Sylvia --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื ืก TED ื•ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” --
19:56
"We shall not cease from exploration,
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"ืื ื• ืœื ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœื’ืœื•ืช,
19:59
and the end of all our exploring
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ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื
20:01
will be to arrive where we started
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ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•
20:03
and know the place for the first time,
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ื•ืื– ื ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
20:06
arrive through the unknown remembered gate
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ื ื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ื“ืข
20:09
where the last of earth left to discover
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื–ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช
20:12
is that which was the beginning.
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ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
20:15
At the source of the longest river
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ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
20:18
the voice of a hidden waterfall
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ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœ ื ืกืชืจ
20:21
not known because not looked for,
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ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
20:25
but heard, half heard
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืžืข, ื ืฉืžืข ืœืžื—ืฆื”
20:29
in the stillness beneath the waves of the sea."
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ืžืžื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ืœื™ ื”ื™ื."
20:33
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
20:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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