John Delaney: Wiring an interactive ocean

25,524 views ・ 2010-07-28

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: HUANG MENGNI 審譯者: Adrienne Lin
00:16
For a moment, what I need to do
0
16260
2000
現在我要做的是
00:18
is project something on the screen of your imagination.
1
18260
3000
讓你們想像出這樣一個畫面
00:23
We're in 17th century Japan
2
23260
2000
我們身處17世紀的日本
00:25
on the west coast,
3
25260
3000
在西海岸
00:28
and a little, wizened monk
4
28260
3000
一個矮小、枯瘦的和尚
00:31
is hurrying along, near midnight,
5
31260
3000
在午夜匆忙地趕路
00:34
to the crest of a small hill.
6
34260
3000
要到一座小山的山頂去
00:37
He arrives on the small hill,
7
37260
2000
當他到達山上時
00:39
dripping with water.
8
39260
2000
汗流浹背
00:41
He stands there,
9
41260
2000
他矗立在那兒
00:43
and he looks across at the island, Sado.
10
43260
3000
環視著佐渡島
00:46
And he scans across the ocean, and he looks at the sky.
11
46260
3000
他四顧海面,仰望星空
00:51
Then he says to himself, very quietly,
12
51260
3000
輕聲對自己說
00:55
"[Turbulent the sea,]
13
55260
3000
“怒海涌銀河
00:58
[Stretching across to Sado]
14
58260
3000
流來佐渡島”
01:01
[The Milky Way]."
15
61260
3000
(荒海や 佐渡によこたふ 天の河)
01:04
Basho was a brilliant man.
16
64260
2000
松尾芭蕉(日本著名的俳句師)是個偉大的人
01:08
He said more with less
17
68260
2000
在我讀到過或看到過的文字中
01:10
than any human
18
70260
2000
他能用最簡練的語言
01:12
that I have ever read or talked to.
19
72260
3000
傳達出更多的東西
01:16
Basho, in 17 syllables,
20
76260
3000
芭蕉用17個音節
01:19
juxtaposed
21
79260
3000
列舉了
01:22
a turbulent ocean
22
82260
2000
風暴剛止後的
01:24
driven by a storm now past,
23
84260
3000
洶湧大海
01:28
and captured the almost
24
88260
3000
並最大限度地把握了
01:31
impossible beauty
25
91260
3000
我們銀河家園
01:34
of our home galaxy
26
94260
3000
的美麗之處
01:37
with millions of stars,
27
97260
4000
裏面點綴了無數繁星
01:41
probably hundreds and hundreds of -- who knows how many -- planets,
28
101260
3000
還有成千上萬的-誰知道有多少呢-行星
01:44
maybe even an ocean
29
104260
2000
可能還有一片海洋
01:46
that we will probably call Sylvia in time.
30
106260
3000
在當時被稱為西利維亞(Sylvia)
01:52
As he was nearing his death,
31
112260
3000
當他不久于人世的時候
01:55
his disciples and followers
32
115260
3000
他的弟子和信徒
01:58
kept asking him,
33
118260
2000
不停追問他:
02:00
"What's the secret?
34
120260
2000
“您有什麽秘訣嗎?
02:02
How can you
35
122260
2000
您有什麽能力才能
02:04
make haiku poems so beautiful so easily?"
36
124260
3000
把俳句寫的如此簡單而又美麗?
02:09
And toward the end, he said,
37
129260
3000
臨終前,他說:
02:14
"If you would know the pine tree,
38
134260
3000
“欲知松
02:17
go to the pine tree."
39
137260
3000
先問松”
02:20
That was it.
40
140260
2000
僅此而已
02:22
(Laughter)
41
142260
3000
(笑聲)
02:25
Sylvia has said we must use
42
145260
2000
西利維亞說
02:27
every capacity we have
43
147260
3000
我們應該傾盡全力
02:30
in order to know the oceans.
44
150260
2000
來瞭解海洋。
02:32
If we would know the oceans,
45
152260
2000
如果我們想瞭解海洋,
02:34
we must go to the oceans.
46
154260
2000
那我們必須走進海洋。
02:36
And what I'd like to talk to you today about, a little bit,
47
156260
3000
今天想和大家聊的內容有部份是關於
02:39
is really transforming
48
159260
3000
變革
02:42
the relationship, or the interplay,
49
162260
3000
人類和海洋之間的關係
02:45
between humans and oceans
50
165260
2000
或者說是相互作用
02:47
with a new capability
51
167260
3000
用新的能力
02:50
that is not at all routine yet.
52
170260
2000
還不是常規的技術來實現
02:52
I hope it will be.
53
172260
2000
我希望這能成真
02:55
There are a few key points.
54
175260
2000
這是一些關鍵點
02:57
One of them is the oceans are central
55
177260
2000
其中一點是“海洋在
02:59
to the quality of life on earth.
56
179260
3000
地球生物的生活質量中占中心地位
03:03
Another is that there are bold, new ways
57
183260
3000
另一點是:用可靠又創新的方式
03:06
of studying oceans
58
186260
2000
來研究海洋
03:08
that we have not used well yet.
59
188260
3000
而之前我們未曾使用過
03:11
And the last is that these bold, new ways
60
191260
2000
最後一點是:我們作為一個集體來
03:13
that we are exploring
61
193260
2000
使用這些開拓性的新方法
03:15
as a community
62
195260
2000
來探索海洋
03:17
will transform the way we look at our planet, our oceans,
63
197260
3000
將會改變我們看待我們的行星、我們的海洋的方式
03:20
and eventually how we manage
64
200260
2000
最終,無論如何
03:22
probably the entire planet, for what it's worth.
65
202260
3000
還將影響我們管理整個星球的方式
03:27
So what scientists do when they begin
66
207260
2000
科學家們首先
03:29
is to start with the system.
67
209260
2000
從這個系統開始
03:31
They define what the system is.
68
211260
2000
他們對它下了定義
03:33
The system isn't Chesapeake Bay.
69
213260
2000
這個系統不是切薩皮克灣
03:35
It's not the Kuril arc. It's not even the entire Pacific.
70
215260
3000
也不是Caro Arc,甚至也不是整個太平洋
03:38
It's the whole planet,
71
218260
2000
它是整個行星
03:40
the entire planet, continents and oceans together.
72
220260
3000
整個地球,包括陸地和海洋
03:43
That's the system.
73
223260
2000
那就是這個系統
03:45
And basically, our challenge
74
225260
2000
基本上,我们所面臨的挑戰
03:47
is to optimize the benefits
75
227260
3000
在於如何優化利益
03:50
and mitigate the risks
76
230260
2000
和減少住在一顆
03:52
of living on a planet that's driven by only two processes,
77
232260
3000
只靠兩種產能方式驅動的星球上的風險
03:55
two sources of energy,
78
235260
2000
這兩種能量
03:57
one of which is solar,
79
237260
2000
一個是太陽
03:59
that drives the winds, the waves,
80
239260
2000
它帶來了風、潮汐、
04:01
the clouds, the storms and photosynthesis.
81
241260
3000
雲、風暴和光合作用
04:04
The second one is internal energy.
82
244260
2000
另一種是內能
04:06
And these two war against one another
83
246260
2000
這兩種能量互相抗衡
04:08
almost continuously.
84
248260
2000
互相影響著
04:10
Mountain ranges, plate tectonics,
85
250260
2000
山脈,大陸板塊
04:12
moves the continents around, forms ore deposits.
86
252260
3000
移動了大洲,形成礦層
04:15
Volcanoes erupt.
87
255260
2000
火山爆發
04:17
That's the planet that we live on.
88
257260
2000
我們就生活在這樣一顆星球上
04:19
It's immensely complex.
89
259260
2000
面臨極端複雜的環境
04:21
Now I don't expect all of you to see all the details here,
90
261260
2000
現在,不用所有人都看到這張圖裡所有的細節
04:23
but what I want you to see is
91
263260
2000
我想讓你們知道的是
04:25
this is about 10 percent
92
265260
3000
這個過程中大概有10%
04:28
of the processes that operate within
93
268260
2000
是發生在海洋裡
04:30
the oceans almost continuously,
94
270260
2000
它們幾乎不間斷地
04:32
and have for the last 4 billion years.
95
272260
3000
持續了40億年
04:35
This is a system that's been around a very long time.
96
275260
3000
這個系統緣來已久
04:38
And these have all co-evolved.
97
278260
2000
它們在進化中協同作用
04:40
What do I mean by that?
98
280260
2000
什麼意思呢
04:42
They interact with one another constantly.
99
282260
3000
它們彼此之間持續地相互作用
04:45
All of them interact with one another.
100
285260
3000
每個部份都和其他部份互相作用
04:48
So the complexity of this system that we're looking at,
101
288260
3000
所以我們研究的正是這個系統的複雜性
04:51
the one driven by the sun --
102
291260
2000
太陽推動的
04:53
upper portion, mostly --
103
293260
2000
上部比較大的能量
04:55
and the lower portion is partly driven
104
295260
2000
以及下面部分較小那一部份能量
04:57
by the input from heat below
105
297260
2000
由地下熱能
04:59
and by other processes.
106
299260
2000
和其他產能方式驅動
05:01
This is very, very important
107
301260
2000
這個非常、非常重要
05:03
because this is the system, this is the crucible,
108
303260
2000
因為這顆星球上的生命就出自
05:05
out of which life on the planet came,
109
305260
3000
這個系統,這個立方體
05:08
and it's now time for us to understand it.
110
308260
3000
現在是我們理解它的時候
05:11
We must understand it.
111
311260
3000
我們必須理解它
05:14
That's one of the themes that Sylvia reminds us about:
112
314260
2000
這是西利維亞提醒我們的
05:16
understand this ocean of ours,
113
316260
3000
理解我們的海洋
05:19
this basic life support system,
114
319260
3000
這個基本的生命支持系統
05:22
the dominant life support system on the planet.
115
322260
3000
地球上最重要的生命支持系統
05:26
Look at this complexity here.
116
326260
2000
看看這幅複雜的圖
05:28
This is only one variable.
117
328260
2000
這裡只有一個變量
05:30
If you can see the complexity,
118
330260
2000
如果你看得出它有多複雜
05:32
you can see how
119
332260
2000
如果你能看到這些
05:34
tiny, little eddies
120
334260
3000
小潮汐
05:37
and large eddies and the motion --
121
337260
2000
和大潮汐,還有它們的運動
05:39
this is just sea surface temperature,
122
339260
2000
這僅是海洋的表面溫度
05:41
but it's immensely complicated.
123
341260
2000
但已經非常複雜
05:43
Now a layer in,
124
343260
2000
現在加上一層
05:45
the other two or three hundred processes
125
345260
2000
其他兩百或三百種進程
05:47
that are all interacting,
126
347260
2000
它們都互相作用著
05:49
partly as a function of temperature, partly as a function of all the other factors,
127
349260
3000
一部份受到溫度的影響,一部份受到其他因素的影響
05:52
and you've got a really complicated system.
128
352260
2000
你就知道這個系統有多複雜了
05:54
That's our challenge, is to understand,
129
354260
3000
這也是我們理解的挑戰
05:57
understand this system in new and phenomenal ways.
130
357260
3000
理解這個系統,以及它的非凡之處
06:00
And there's an urgency to this.
131
360260
3000
現在這點可是當務之急
06:03
Part of the urgency comes from the fact
132
363260
2000
緊急的原因之一是
06:05
that, of order, a billion people on the planet currently
133
365260
3000
這個星球上有十億人
06:08
are undernourished or starving.
134
368260
3000
缺乏營養或在飢餓中
06:11
And part of the issue
135
371260
2000
這個問題有一部份
06:13
is for Cody --
136
373260
3000
是因為科迪
06:16
who's here,
137
376260
2000
他在現場
06:18
16 years old --
138
378260
2000
16歲
06:20
and I have permission to relay this number.
139
380260
3000
公開這個數字我是得到了許可的
06:23
When he, 40 years from now,
140
383260
3000
過了40年後
06:26
is the age of Nancy Brown,
141
386260
2000
當他和南希·布朗(攝影師)同齡時
06:28
there are going to be
142
388260
3000
這個星球上將會增加
06:31
another two and a half billion people on the planet.
143
391260
3000
另外25億人
06:35
We can't solve all the problems
144
395260
3000
通過海洋,我們不能
06:38
by looking only at the oceans,
145
398260
2000
解決所有問題
06:40
but if we don't understand
146
400260
2000
但如果我們對
06:42
the fundamental life support system of this planet
147
402260
2000
這個星球的基本生命支持系統
06:44
much more thoroughly than we do now,
148
404260
2000
不能理解的更透徹的話
06:46
then the stresses that we will face,
149
406260
2000
那我們將要面對的壓力
06:48
and that Cody will face,
150
408260
2000
科迪將會面對的壓力
06:50
and even Nancy, who's going to live till she's 98,
151
410260
3000
以及南希--她活到98歲時--面對的壓力
06:53
will have really problems coping.
152
413260
3000
就很棘手了
06:58
All right, let's talk about another perspective
153
418260
2000
好了,讓我們談談另一方面
07:00
on the importance of the oceans.
154
420260
3000
海洋的重要性
07:03
Look at this diagram, which is showing
155
423260
3000
看看這張圖樣,上面
07:06
warm waters in red,
156
426260
2000
紅色表示暖水區
07:08
cool waters in blue,
157
428260
2000
藍色表示冷水區
07:10
and on the continents, what you're seeing in bright green,
158
430260
3000
在陸地區域,看見的亮綠色
07:13
is the growth of vegetation,
159
433260
2000
表示植物的生長
07:15
and in olive green, the dieback of vegetation.
160
435260
2000
深綠色,表示植物的頹敗
07:17
And in the lower left hand corner there's a clock ticking away
161
437260
3000
左下角有一個時鐘在走動
07:20
from 1982 to 1998
162
440260
2000
從1982年到1998年
07:22
and then cycling again.
163
442260
2000
然後重頭開始
07:25
What you'll see is that the rhythms
164
445260
2000
你們所看見的是節奏
07:27
of growth, of vegetation --
165
447260
3000
植物--在陸地上的一個重要
07:30
a subset of which is food on the continents --
166
450260
2000
食物來源--的生長
07:32
is directly tied to the rhythms
167
452260
2000
和海洋表面溫度的節奏
07:34
of the sea surface temperatures.
168
454260
3000
是直接聯繫在一起的
07:37
The oceans control,
169
457260
2000
海洋控制
07:39
or at least significantly influence,
170
459260
3000
或說是顯著的
07:42
correlate with,
171
462260
2000
影響了
07:44
the growth patterns and the drought patterns
172
464260
2000
陸地上植物的生長模式,旱季模式
07:46
and the rain patterns on the continents.
173
466260
2000
以及雨季的模式
07:48
So people in Kansas, in a wheat field in Kansas,
174
468260
3000
所以在肯薩斯州麥田裡的人們
07:51
need to understand that the oceans
175
471260
2000
也必須理解海洋
07:53
are central to them as well.
176
473260
2000
對他們來說至關重要
07:55
Another complexity: this is the age of the oceans.
177
475260
3000
另一個很複雜的是:海洋的年齡
07:58
I'm going to layer in on top of this
178
478260
2000
我要在上面放上一張
08:00
the tectonic plates.
179
480260
3000
地殼板塊的圖
08:03
The age of the ocean, the tectonic plates,
180
483260
3000
海洋的年齡,地殼板塊
08:06
gives rise to a totally new phenomenon
181
486260
2000
顯示出一個全新的現象
08:08
that we have heard about
182
488260
2000
在這個會議上
08:10
in this conference.
183
490260
2000
我們也聽過了
08:12
And I share with you some very high-definition video
184
492260
3000
我要和你們分享一段高清晰的視頻
08:15
that we collected in real time.
185
495260
3000
是我們實時收集的
08:18
Seconds after this video was taken,
186
498260
3000
這個視頻一拍出來
08:21
people in Beijing,
187
501260
2000
在北京的人
08:23
people in Sydney, people in Amsterdam,
188
503260
2000
在雪梨,在阿姆斯特丹的人
08:25
people in Washington D.C. were watching this.
189
505260
3000
在華盛頓的人們都能看到
08:28
Now you've heard of hydrothermal vents,
190
508260
2000
你們都知道溫泉
08:30
but the other discovery
191
510260
2000
但是另一個發現
08:32
is that deep below the sea floor,
192
512260
3000
是海底深處
08:35
there is vast reservoir of microbial activity,
193
515260
3000
存在含大量微生物的水池
08:38
which we have only just discovered
194
518260
2000
我們也是剛剛發現
08:40
and we have almost no way to study.
195
520260
3000
還無從下手研究
08:43
Some people have estimated
196
523260
2000
有人估計
08:45
that the biomass
197
525260
2000
那些生活在
08:47
tied up in these microbes
198
527260
2000
海底的瀑布和缝隙裡
08:49
living in the pours and the cracks
199
529260
2000
的微生物
08:51
of the sea floor and below
200
531260
3000
的生物量
08:54
rival the total amount of living biomass
201
534260
2000
超過地球表面的
08:56
at the surface of the planet.
202
536260
2000
所有生物量總量
08:58
It's an astonishing insight,
203
538260
2000
這個見解相當驚人
09:00
and we have only found out about this recently.
204
540260
2000
是我們不久前才剛剛發現的
09:02
This is very, very exciting.
205
542260
3000
這非常、非常振奮人心
09:05
It may be the next rainforest,
206
545260
3000
用製藥學的說法來比喻的話
09:08
in terms of pharmaceuticals.
207
548260
2000
這就是下一個熱帶雨林
09:10
We know little or nothing about it.
208
550260
3000
對此我們知之甚少,或者可說一無所知
09:14
Well, Marcel Proust has this wonderful saying
209
554260
3000
馬塞爾·普魯斯特曾說過一句妙語
09:17
that, "The real voyage of discovery
210
557260
2000
“真正的發現之旅
09:19
consists not so much in seeking new territory,
211
559260
3000
不是發現新的世界
09:22
but possibly in having new sets of eyes,"
212
562260
3000
而是擁有新的視野
09:25
new ways of seeing things,
213
565260
2000
新的眼光
09:27
a new mindset.
214
567260
2000
新的角度
09:29
And many of you remember
215
569260
2000
很多人應該還記得
09:31
the early stages of oceanography,
216
571260
2000
海洋學發展初期的情況
09:33
when we had to use what we had at our fingertips.
217
573260
3000
我們所擁有的工具極其有限
09:36
And it wasn't easy. It wasn't easy in those days.
218
576260
3000
那個時代非常艱難
09:39
Some of you remember this, I'm sure.
219
579260
3000
我知道這里有人還歷歷在目,我很確定
09:44
And now, we have an entire suite of tools
220
584260
3000
現在,我們有了一整套工具
09:47
that are really pretty powerful --
221
587260
2000
它們非常好用--
09:49
ships, satellites, moorings.
222
589260
3000
船隻,人造衛星,繫泊工具
09:53
But they don't quite cut it. They don't quite give us what we need.
223
593260
3000
但它們的作用有限,并沒有給我們很多我們想要的東西
09:56
And the program that I wanted to talk to you about
224
596260
2000
我這裡提到的只不過是
09:58
just a little bit here,
225
598260
2000
已經投入資金研究的項目的冰山一角
10:00
was funded, and it involves autonomous vehicles
226
600260
3000
包括無人駕駛交通工具
10:03
like the one running across the base of this image.
227
603260
3000
就像畫面底部移動的這個
10:06
Modeling: on the right hand side,
228
606260
3000
右邊是模型構建
10:09
there's a very complex computational model.
229
609260
3000
這是一個複雜的計算機模型
10:12
On the left hand side, there's a new type of mooring,
230
612260
2000
左邊是一個新型的繫泊工具
10:14
which I'll show you in just a second.
231
614260
2000
過一會我會展示給你們看
10:16
And on the basis
232
616260
2000
基於
10:18
of several points,
233
618260
2000
這幾個要點
10:20
the oceans are complex, and they're central to the life on earth.
234
620260
3000
海洋非常複雜,它們是地球生命的中心
10:23
They are changing rapidly, but not predictably.
235
623260
3000
它們瞬息萬變,又不可預測
10:26
And the models that we need to predict the future
236
626260
2000
我們用來進行預報的模型
10:28
do not have enough data to refine them.
237
628260
2000
還沒有積累足夠的數據來完善
10:30
The computational power
238
630260
2000
計算機的力量
10:32
is amazing.
239
632260
2000
是驚人的
10:34
But without data, those models
240
634260
2000
但沒有數據,這些模型
10:36
will never ever be predicted.
241
636260
2000
也無法進行預測
10:38
And that's what we really need.
242
638260
2000
這是我們真正需要的
10:40
For a variety of reasons they're dangerous,
243
640260
2000
由於各種各樣的原因,它們很危險
10:42
but we feel that OOI,
244
642260
2000
但我們認為OOI
10:44
this Ocean Observatory Initiative,
245
644260
2000
海洋觀測站計劃(Ocean Observatory Initiative)
10:46
which the National Science Foundation
246
646260
2000
它是由美國國家科學基金會
10:48
has begun to fund,
247
648260
2000
主持開展的
10:50
has the potential to really transform things.
248
650260
2000
它具有改變現狀的可能
10:52
And the goal of the program is to
249
652260
2000
這個項目的目標在於
10:54
launch an era of scientific discovery
250
654260
2000
打開一個
10:56
and understanding
251
656260
2000
科學地探索、瞭解
10:58
across and within the ocean basins,
252
658260
2000
海洋盆地和其中奧妙的新紀元
11:00
utilizing widely accessible,
253
660260
3000
它充分利用
11:03
interactive telepresence.
254
663260
3000
互動式遠程監控技術
11:06
It's a new world.
255
666260
2000
這是一個嶄新的世界
11:08
We will be present throughout
256
668260
2000
我們將能
11:10
the volume of the ocean, at will,
257
670260
3000
任意呈現出海洋
11:13
communicating in real time.
258
673260
2000
及實時進行交流
11:15
And this is what the system involves,
259
675260
2000
這就是這個系統的內容
11:17
a number of sites in the southern hemisphere,
260
677260
3000
這些圓圈劃出的是南半球
11:20
shown in those circles.
261
680260
2000
的觀測點
11:22
And in the northern hemisphere there are four sites.
262
682260
2000
在北半球共有4個觀測點
11:24
I won't talk a lot about most of them right here,
263
684260
3000
關於這個我今天不會說得很多
11:27
but the one on the west coast, that's in the box,
264
687260
2000
但是西海岸上被格子框起來的那個
11:29
is called the regional scale nodes.
265
689260
3000
叫做區域範圍節點
11:32
It was once called Neptune.
266
692260
2000
它曾經被命名為海王星
11:34
And let me show you what's behind it.
267
694260
3000
我來展示一下它裏面有什麽
11:37
Fiber: next-generation way of communicating.
268
697260
3000
光纖,新時代的傳輸方式
11:40
You can see the copper tips on these things.
269
700260
3000
你可以看到上面的銅接線端
11:43
You can transmit power,
270
703260
2000
你可以輸送能量
11:45
but the bandwidth is in those tiny, little threads
271
705260
3000
但這樣的帶寬就存在于
11:48
smaller than the hair on your head in diameter.
272
708260
3000
直徑比頭髮絲還小的細線中
11:51
And this particular set here
273
711260
3000
這種特殊設計
11:54
can transmit something of the order of
274
714260
2000
讓它能夠在每秒鐘內傳輸
11:56
three to five terabits per second.
275
716260
3000
30-50兆的數據
11:59
This is phenomenal bandwidth.
276
719260
2000
這樣的帶寬相當了不起
12:01
And this is what the planet looks like.
277
721260
2000
這是我們的星球
12:03
We are already laced up
278
723260
2000
我們已經被串在了一起
12:05
as if we're in a fiber optic corset, if you like.
279
725260
3000
也可以說成我們都穿上了光纖織成的緊身衣
12:08
This is what it looks like.
280
728260
2000
這就是它的樣子
12:10
And the cables go really continent to continent.
281
730260
3000
光纜連接在大洲之間
12:13
It's a very powerful system,
282
733260
2000
這個系統非常強大
12:15
and most of our communications consist of it.
283
735260
2000
我們大多數聯繫方式都要依賴於它
12:17
So this is the system that I'm talking about,
284
737260
2000
這就是我說的系統
12:19
off the west coast. It's coincident with the tectonic plate,
285
739260
3000
在西海岸之外,和板塊構造的形狀是一致的
12:22
the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate.
286
742260
2000
就是胡安·德富卡板塊
12:24
And it's going to deliver abundant power
287
744260
2000
它傳輸了巨大的能量
12:26
and unprecedented bandwidth
288
746260
2000
和空前的帶寬
12:28
across this entire volume --
289
748260
2000
它跨越了整個海洋
12:30
in the overlying ocean,
290
750260
2000
的空間
12:32
on the sea floor and below the sea floor.
291
752260
2000
海床上和海床之下
12:34
Bandwidth and power
292
754260
2000
帶寬和能量
12:36
and a wide variety of processes
293
756260
2000
以及各種各樣的進程
12:38
that will be operating.
294
758260
2000
都可以執行
12:40
This is what one of those primary nodes looks like,
295
760260
2000
這是其中一個節點的樣子
12:42
and it's like a sub station with power and bandwidth
296
762260
3000
看上去就像是一個處理能量和帶寬的變電站
12:45
that can spread out over an area the size of Seattle.
297
765260
3000
傳輸的能量足夠供給西雅圖大小的地區
12:49
And the kind of science that can be done
298
769260
2000
想做這種科研的話
12:51
will be determined by a variety of scientists who want to be involved
299
771260
3000
需要有許多各個領域的科學家參與研究
12:54
and can bring the instrumentation to the table.
300
774260
3000
這種設備才能被運用於實踐
12:57
They will bring it and link it in.
301
777260
2000
他們將使它運行起來并連接到系統中
12:59
It'll be, in a sense, like having time on a telescope,
302
779260
3000
這就像使用望遠鏡一樣
13:02
except you'll have your own port.
303
782260
3000
不過你將擁有自己的觀測點
13:05
Climate change, ocean acidification,
304
785260
2000
氣候變化,海洋酸化
13:07
dissolved oxygen,
305
787260
2000
氧氣溶解
13:09
carbon cycle, coastal upwelling,
306
789260
2000
碳循環,海域沿岸區涌升流
13:11
fishing dynamics --
307
791260
2000
漁業動態--
13:13
the full spectrum of
308
793260
2000
地球和海洋科學地
13:15
earth science and ocean science
309
795260
2000
所有方面
13:17
simultaneously in the same volume.
310
797260
2000
運行於同一時空中
13:19
So anyone coming along later
311
799260
2000
任何後來加入的人
13:21
simply accesses the database
312
801260
3000
都可以很容易的進入數據庫
13:24
and can draw down the information they need
313
804260
2000
取得自己需要的信息
13:26
about anything that has taken place.
314
806260
2000
只要是發生過的事都可以輕易瞭解
13:28
And this is just the first of these.
315
808260
3000
這隻是第一步
13:31
In conjunction with our Canadian colleagues, we've set this up.
316
811260
3000
和加拿大的學者一起,我們設計出了這個
13:34
Now I want to take you into the caldera.
317
814260
2000
現在,我要帶你們去火山口
13:36
On the left hand side there
318
816260
2000
左手邊
13:38
is a large volcano called Axial Seamount.
319
818260
3000
有一個巨大的火山,名叫Axial海丘
13:41
And we're going to go down into the Axial Seamount
320
821260
2000
我們要進到Axial海丘里去
13:43
using animation.
321
823260
2000
以動畫的形式
13:45
Here's what this system is going to look like
322
825260
2000
這個系統將會是這個樣子
13:47
that we are funded to build at this point.
323
827260
3000
我們準備在這裡投資建造
13:50
Very powerful.
324
830260
2000
非常強大
13:52
That's an elevator that's constantly moving up and down,
325
832260
2000
這個電梯不斷地上上下下
13:54
but it can be controlled by the folks on land
326
834260
3000
但它能從地面上控制
13:57
who are responsible for it.
327
837260
2000
由地面上的工作人員進行控制
13:59
Or they can transfer control
328
839260
2000
他們也能將控制權轉移給
14:01
to someone in India or China
329
841260
2000
身在印度或者中國的人
14:03
who can take over for a while,
330
843260
2000
他們可以暫時進行控制
14:05
because it's all going to be directly connected
331
845260
2000
因為它是直接連接到
14:07
through the Internet.
332
847260
2000
網路上的
14:09
There will be massive amounts of data flowing ashore,
333
849260
3000
大量的數據流將會源源不絕地湧出
14:12
all available to anyone who has any interest in using it.
334
852260
3000
所有有興趣的人都能使用它們
14:15
This is going to be much more powerful
335
855260
2000
這樣將比一艘單獨的船
14:17
than having a single ship
336
857260
2000
從一個地方移動到
14:19
in a single location,
337
859260
2000
另一個地方
14:21
then move to a new location.
338
861260
2000
的方式強力多了
14:23
We're flying across the caldera floor.
339
863260
3000
我們掠過火山口的底部
14:27
There is a number of robotic systems.
340
867260
2000
這裡有很多機械系統
14:29
There's cameras that can be turned on and off at your will,
341
869260
3000
有些攝影機你可以隨意開關
14:32
if those are your experiments.
342
872260
2000
如果這是你在做的實驗的話
14:34
The kinds of systems that will be down there,
343
874260
2000
它將會設置在那裡的系統
14:36
the kinds of instruments that will be on the sea floor,
344
876260
3000
將會安置在海床上的設備
14:39
consist of -- if you can read them there --
345
879260
2000
組成部件有--如果你看得出
14:41
there's cameras, there's pressure sensors,
346
881260
2000
有攝影機,壓力探測器
14:43
fluorometers, there's seismometers.
347
883260
2000
透視定位器,地震檢波器
14:45
It's a full spectrum of tools.
348
885260
2000
工具非常完備
14:47
Now, that mound right there
349
887260
2000
而那邊拱起來的地方
14:49
actually looks like this.
350
889260
2000
實際上看起來是這個樣子的
14:51
This is what it actually looks like.
351
891260
3000
這是它真實的樣子
14:54
And this is the kind of activity
352
894260
2000
像這種活動
14:56
that we can see with high-definition video,
353
896260
2000
我們可以用高清視頻看到
14:58
because the bandwidth of these cables
354
898260
3000
因為光纜的帶寬
15:01
is so huge
355
901260
2000
非常之大
15:03
that we could have five to 10
356
903260
2000
可以支持5到10臺
15:05
stereo HD systems
357
905260
2000
立體聲高清系統
15:07
running continuously
358
907260
2000
持續工作
15:09
and, again, directed through robotic techniques from land.
359
909260
3000
這也是通過機械技術從陸地上進行操作的
15:14
Very, very powerful.
360
914260
3000
非常、非常強大
15:17
And these are the things that we're funded to do today.
361
917260
2000
這些事實我們今天正在做的
15:19
So what can we actually do tomorrow?
362
919260
2000
那明天我們又要做些什麽呢
15:21
We're about to ride the wave
363
921260
2000
我們要如何利用
15:23
of technological opportunity.
364
923260
3000
技術化大潮提供的機會呢
15:26
There are emerging technologies throughout
365
926260
3000
在海洋學周邊的領域都
15:29
the field around oceanography,
366
929260
2000
湧現出各種技術
15:31
which we will incorporate into oceanography,
367
931260
2000
我們將把它們融合到海洋學中
15:33
and through that convergence,
368
933260
2000
通過這種融合
15:35
we will transform oceanography into something even more magical.
369
935260
3000
我們可以使海洋學變得更奇妙
15:39
Robotics systems are just incredible these days,
370
939260
3000
機械系統現在讓人難以置信
15:42
absolutely incredible.
371
942260
2000
真是難以置信
15:44
And we will be bringing robotics of all sorts
372
944260
2000
我們將要將機器人技術全面
15:46
into the ocean.
373
946260
2000
引入海洋
15:49
Nanotechnology: this is a small generator.
374
949260
2000
納米科技:這是一個小小的發電器
15:51
It's smaller than a postage stamp,
375
951260
2000
比郵票還小
15:53
and it can generate power just by being
376
953260
2000
只要別在T恤上
15:55
attached to your shirt as you move.
377
955260
2000
別在T恤上
15:57
Just as you move, it generates power.
378
957260
3000
隨著你的移動,就能發電
16:00
There are many kinds of things that can be used in the ocean, continuously.
379
960260
3000
海裡有很多東西都能持續使用
16:05
Imaging: Many of you know a good deal more about this type of thing than I,
380
965260
3000
攝影機:這裡的很多人都比我更瞭解這種東西
16:08
but stereo imaging at four times the definition
381
968260
3000
但立體攝影的清晰度比目前的高清攝像
16:11
that we have in HD
382
971260
2000
要高四倍
16:13
will be routine within five years.
383
973260
2000
它們在五年里就會成為主流
16:15
And this is the magic one.
384
975260
2000
這個東西則很神奇
16:17
As a result of the human genome process,
385
977260
2000
通過這個人類基因組分析的結果
16:19
we are in a situation where
386
979260
2000
使我們能夠將
16:21
events that take place in the ocean --
387
981260
3000
發生在海裡的事情--
16:24
like an erupting volcano, or something of that sort --
388
984260
2000
比如火山噴發之類的--
16:26
can actually be sampled.
389
986260
2000
確實採樣下來
16:28
We pump the fluid through one of these systems,
390
988260
3000
我們用系統的一部份將液體抽上來
16:31
and we press the button,
391
991260
2000
然後按下按鍵
16:33
and it's analyzed for the genomic character.
392
993260
2000
它就能分析基因組特徵
16:35
And that's transmitted back to land immediately.
393
995260
3000
並馬上將結果傳回陸地上
16:38
So in the volume of the ocean,
394
998260
2000
所有在海洋這個總體
16:40
we will know, not just the physics and the chemistry,
395
1000260
3000
不只是物理學上或者化學上
16:43
but the base of the food chain
396
1003260
2000
甚至食物鏈的最基礎情況
16:45
will be transparent to us
397
1005260
2000
通過這些源源不絕的數據
16:47
with data on a continuous basis.
398
1007260
3000
對我們來說都能清晰化
16:50
Grid computing: the power of grid computers
399
1010260
2000
網格計算:網格計算機的力量
16:52
is going to be just amazing here.
400
1012260
2000
在這裡是驚人的
16:54
We will soon be using grid computing
401
1014260
2000
我們很快就會將網格計算
16:56
to do pretty much everything, like adjust the data
402
1016260
3000
運用在所有事情上,比如調整數據
16:59
and everything
403
1019260
2000
和與數據有關的
17:01
that goes with the data.
404
1021260
2000
任何事情
17:03
The power generation will come from the ocean itself.
405
1023260
3000
供給的電能則來自於海洋自己
17:06
And the next generation fiber
406
1026260
2000
在下一個時代,光纖
17:08
will be simply magic.
407
1028260
2000
將變得奇妙無比
17:10
It's far beyond what we currently have.
408
1030260
3000
那將比我們目前所有的要強得多
17:13
So the presence of the power
409
1033260
2000
目前環境下的
17:15
and the bandwidth in the environment
410
1035260
2000
能源和帶寬
17:17
will allow all of these new technologies
411
1037260
2000
可以讓所有的新技術
17:19
to converge in a manner that is just unprecedented.
412
1039260
3000
以一種前所未有的方式整合起來
17:22
So within five to seven years,
413
1042260
2000
在5-7年內
17:24
I see us having
414
1044260
2000
我可以預見我們
17:26
a capacity to be completely present
415
1046260
2000
將有能力監控
17:28
throughout the ocean
416
1048260
2000
整個海洋
17:30
and have all of that connected to the Internet,
417
1050260
2000
並將所有內容都連上網路
17:32
so we can reach many, many folks.
418
1052260
3000
我們可以聯繫很多、很多同伴
17:35
Delivering the power and the bandwidth into the ocean
419
1055260
3000
傳入海中的能量和帶寬
17:38
will dramatically accelerate adaptation.
420
1058260
3000
將會大幅度的上漲
17:41
Here's an example.
421
1061260
2000
這裡有個例子
17:43
When earthquakes take place, massive amounts
422
1063260
2000
發生地震時,不可計數的
17:45
of these new microbes we've never seen before
423
1065260
2000
我們從未見過的微生物
17:47
come out of the sea floor.
424
1067260
2000
來到海面上
17:49
We have a way of addressing that,
425
1069260
2000
我們有個方法給它們定位
17:51
a new way of addressing that.
426
1071260
3000
一個新的方法
17:54
We've determined from the earthquake activity that you're seeing here
427
1074260
3000
就像你看到的,我們從地震活動
17:57
that the top of that volcano is erupting,
428
1077260
3000
確定火山噴發的位置
18:00
so we deploy the troops.
429
1080260
2000
然後派出部隊
18:02
What are the troops? The troops are the autonomous vehicles, of course.
430
1082260
3000
什麽部隊?當然是無人駕駛工具了
18:05
And they fly into the erupting volcano.
431
1085260
3000
它們飛入噴發的火山
18:08
They sample the fluids coming out of the sea floor
432
1088260
2000
對噴發時
18:10
during an eruption,
433
1090260
2000
海床滲出的液體進行採樣
18:12
which have the microbes that have never been
434
1092260
2000
當時那些微生物還沒到過
18:14
to the surface of the planet before.
435
1094260
2000
這個星球的表面
18:16
They eject it to the surface where it floats,
436
1096260
2000
它們將微生物彈射到海面,漂浮在那裡
18:18
and it is picked up
437
1098260
2000
然後被無人駕駛飛機
18:20
by an autonomous airplane,
438
1100260
3000
搜集起來
18:23
and it's brought back to the laboratory
439
1103260
3000
並在火山噴發的24小時內
18:26
within 24 hours of the eruption.
440
1106260
2000
就帶回實驗室
18:28
This is doable. All the pieces are there.
441
1108260
3000
這完全可行。所有的步驟很清晰
18:34
A laboratory: many of you heard what happened
442
1114260
2000
實驗室:你們中有很多人應該聽說過
18:36
on 9/7.
443
1116260
2000
9/7發生的事情
18:38
Some doctors in New York City removed
444
1118260
2000
一些紐約醫生從一個在法國的女人的
18:40
the gallbladder of a woman in France.
445
1120260
3000
身體裡上取出了膽囊
18:44
We could do work on the sea floor that would be stunning,
446
1124260
2000
我們在海底的作業時讓人瞠目結舌的
18:46
and it would be on live TV,
447
1126260
2000
如果有什麽趣事發生
18:48
if we have interesting things to show.
448
1128260
3000
它會出現在電視轉播上
18:51
So we can bring an entirely new telepresence
449
1131260
3000
通過海洋,我們將一個嶄新的遠程呈現
18:54
to the world, throughout the ocean.
450
1134260
3000
展示給了全世界
18:57
This -- I've shown you sea floor --
451
1137260
2000
這個--我之前給你們看過海底
18:59
but so the goal here is real time interaction
452
1139260
2000
但目標其實是要在實時和
19:01
with the oceans from anywhere on earth.
453
1141260
3000
地球上的任何一片海洋互動
19:06
It's going to be amazing.
454
1146260
3000
這將會很了不起
19:09
And as I go here,
455
1149260
2000
我到這裡來
19:11
I just want to show you what we can bring into classrooms,
456
1151260
3000
是想展示我們能把什麽內容帶到課堂上來
19:14
and indeed, what we can bring into your pocket.
457
1154260
3000
事實上,我們也能將它放到你的口袋裡
19:20
Many of you don't think of this yet,
458
1160260
2000
你們很多人還沒有想到這些
19:22
but the ocean will be in your pocket.
459
1162260
2000
但海洋將會被裝進口袋
19:24
It won't be long. It won't be long.
460
1164260
3000
這不會很久了,不會很久了
19:28
So let me leave you then
461
1168260
3000
你們若不介意,讓我留給你們
19:31
with a few words
462
1171260
2000
一些句子
19:33
from another poet, if you'll forgive me.
463
1173260
3000
來自另一個詩人
19:39
In 1943,
464
1179260
2000
1943年
19:41
T.S. Eliot wrote the "Four Quartets."
465
1181260
2000
T·S·艾略特寫了四個四重奏
19:43
He won the Nobel Prize for literature
466
1183260
2000
他在1948年獲得了
19:45
in 1948.
467
1185260
2000
諾貝爾文學獎
19:48
In "Little Gidding" he says --
468
1188260
2000
在“小吉丁”一章,他說--
19:50
speaking I think for the human race,
469
1190260
2000
我想起這段話是因為人類
19:52
but certainly for the TED Conference and Sylvia --
470
1192260
3000
當然也是爲了TED和西維利亞
19:56
"We shall not cease from exploration,
471
1196260
3000
“我們將不停止探索
19:59
and the end of all our exploring
472
1199260
2000
而我們一切探索的終點
20:01
will be to arrive where we started
473
1201260
2000
將是到達我們出發的地方
20:03
and know the place for the first time,
474
1203260
3000
將是達到我們出發的地方
20:06
arrive through the unknown remembered gate
475
1206260
3000
當時間的終極優待我們去發現
20:09
where the last of earth left to discover
476
1209260
3000
穿過那未認識的,憶起的大門
20:12
is that which was the beginning.
477
1212260
3000
就是過去曾經是我們的起點
20:15
At the source of the longest river
478
1215260
3000
在最漫長的大河的源頭
20:18
the voice of a hidden waterfall
479
1218260
3000
有深藏的瀑布的飛湍聲
20:21
not known because not looked for,
480
1221260
4000
這些你都不知道,因為你並沒有去尋找
20:25
but heard, half heard
481
1225260
4000
而只是聽到,隱約聽到
20:29
in the stillness beneath the waves of the sea."
482
1229260
4000
在大海兩次潮汐之間的寂靜裡”
20:33
Thank you.
483
1233260
2000
謝謝
20:35
(Applause)
484
1235260
7000
(掌聲)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7