How we can improve maternal healthcare -- before, during and after pregnancy | Elizabeth Howell

78,276 views ใƒป 2019-08-29

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Allon Sasson ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
It was chaos as I got off the elevator.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื›ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ืžืขืœื™ืช.
00:15
I was coming back on duty as a resident physician
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžืฉืžืจืช ื›ืจื•ืคืื” ืžืชืžื—ื”
00:18
to cover the labor and delivery unit.
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ื”.
00:20
And all I could see was a swarm of doctors and nurses
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช
00:24
hovering over a patient in the labor room.
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ืจื•ื›ื ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืœื™ื“ื”.
00:26
They were all desperately trying to save a woman's life.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ื™ืกื• ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
00:29
The patient was in shock.
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ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
00:31
She had delivered a healthy baby boy a few hours before I arrived.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™.
00:36
Suddenly, she collapsed, became unresponsive,
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ืœืคืชืข ื”ื™ื ืงืจืกื”, ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘,
00:39
and had profuse uterine bleeding.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืืฆืœื” ื“ื™ืžื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจื—ื.
00:42
By the time I got to the room,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ,
00:44
there were multiple doctors and nurses, and the patient was lifeless.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืœื ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:48
The resuscitation team tried to bring her back to life,
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ื™ื™ืื” ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
00:51
but despite everyone's best efforts,
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ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
00:53
she died.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื”.
00:55
What I remember most about that day was the father's piercing cry.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘.
00:59
It went through my heart and the heart of everyone on that floor.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืจ ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื›ื— ื‘ืงื•ืžื”.
01:02
This was supposed to be the happiest day of his life,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•,
01:05
but instead it turned out to be the worst day.
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ืืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช - ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:10
I wish I could say this tragedy was an isolated incident,
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื•ื“ื“
01:13
but sadly, that's not the case.
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ืืš ืœืฆืขืจื™, ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื”.
01:16
Every year in the United States,
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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:18
somewhere between 700 and 900 women die
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 700 ืœ- 900 ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืช
01:21
from a pregnancy-related cause.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
01:23
The shocking part of this story
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
01:25
is that our maternal mortality rate is actually higher
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ืืžื”ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:29
than all other high-income countries,
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ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช,
01:31
and our rates are far worse for women of color.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืฆืœื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
01:35
Our rate of maternal mortality actually increased over the last decade,
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ืืžื”ื™ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
01:40
while other countries reduced their rates.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
01:43
And the biggest paradox of all?
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ื•ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
01:45
We spend more on health care than any other country in the world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:50
Well, around the same time in residency that this new mother lost her life,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืืžื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”,
01:54
I became a mother myself.
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืืžื.
01:56
And even with all of my background and training in the field,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืงืข ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื,
02:00
I was taken aback by how little attention was paid
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ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ืžื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื ื™ืชื ื”
02:03
to delivering high-quality maternal health care.
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ืœืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืฉื”.
02:06
And I thought about what that meant, not just for myself
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
02:09
but for so many other women.
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ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:11
Maybe it's because my dad was a civil rights attorney
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—
02:15
and my parents were socially conscious
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ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
02:17
and demanded that we stand up for what we believe in.
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ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•.
02:20
Or the fact that my parents were born in Jamaica,
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ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื’'ืžื™ื™ืงื”,
02:22
came to the United States
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:24
and were able to realize the American Dream.
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
02:27
Or maybe it was my residency training,
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ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
02:29
where I saw firsthand
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ืฉื‘ื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™
02:31
how poorly so many low-income women of color were treated
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ืื™ืš ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”
02:34
by our healthcare system.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:36
For whatever the reason, I felt a responsibility to stand up,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
02:40
not just for myself,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™
02:41
but for all women,
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ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
02:43
and especially those marginalized by our healthcare system.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื• ืฉื ื“ื—ืงื• ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:46
And I decided to focus my career on improving maternal health care.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืฉื”.
02:52
So what's killing mothers?
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ืื ื›ืš, ืžื” ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืžื”ื•ืช?
02:54
Cardiovascular disease, hemorrhage,
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื“ื™ืžื•ื,
02:57
high blood pressure causing seizures and strokes,
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ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืคื™ืจื›ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืœืฉื‘ืฅ,
03:00
blood clots and infection
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ืงืจื™ืฉื™ ื“ื ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
03:01
are some of the major causes of maternal mortality in this country.
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ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:05
But a maternal death is only the tip of the iceberg.
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ืืš ืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
03:09
For every death, over a hundred women suffer a severe complication
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื
03:14
related to pregnancy and childbirth,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืœื™ื“ื”,
03:16
resulting in over 60,000 women every year having one of these events.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉ- 60,000 ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืœื•.
03:21
These complications, called severe maternal morbidity,
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ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”,
03:24
are on the rise in the United States, and they're life-altering.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ื ืžืฉื ื™-ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:28
It's estimated that somewhere between 1.5 and two percent
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ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 1.5 ืœ- 2 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
03:32
of the four million deliveries that occur every year in this country
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ืžืชื•ืš 4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื›ืืŸ
03:35
are associated with one of these events.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
03:38
That is five or six women every hour having a blood clot, a seizure, a stroke,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ 5 ืื• 6 ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ืฉื™ ื“ื, ืคื™ืจื›ื•ืก ืื• ืฉื‘ืฅ,
03:44
receiving a blood transfusion,
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ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื“ื,
03:45
having end-organ damage such as kidney failure,
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื ื–ืง ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื™ืชื™,
03:48
or some other tragic event.
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ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืข ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ืื—ืจ.
03:52
Now, the part of this story that's frankly unforgivable
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกืœื—
03:55
is the fact that 60 percent of these deaths and severe complications
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ื”ื•ื ืฉ- 60% ืžืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
04:00
are thought to be preventable.
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ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
04:02
When I say 60 percent are preventable,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉ- 60ึต% ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขื”,
04:04
I mean there are concrete steps and standard procedures
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
04:08
that we could implement
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข
04:09
that could prevent these bad outcomes from occurring
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
04:12
and save women's lives.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
04:14
And it doesn't require fancy new technology.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช.
04:17
We just have to apply what we know
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
04:19
and ensure equal standards between hospitals.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:23
For example, if a pregnant woman in labor has really high blood pressure
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืœืืฉื” ื”ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
04:27
and we treat her with the right antihypertensive medication
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื
04:30
in a timely fashion,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
04:32
we can prevent stroke.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืฅ.
04:34
If we accurately track blood loss during delivery,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ื“ื”,
04:37
we can detect a hemorrhage sooner and save a woman's life.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
04:41
We could actually lower the rates of these catastrophic events tomorrow,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืจ,
04:46
but it requires that we value the quality of care
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ืืš ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
04:49
we deliver to pregnant women
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
04:50
before, during and after pregnancy.
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ืœืคื ื™, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
04:54
If we raise quality of care universally to what is supposed to be the standard,
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ืื ื ืขืœื” ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ืœืจืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
04:58
we could bring the rates of these deaths and severe complications way down.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื.
05:03
Well, there is some good news.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:06
There are some success stories.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
05:08
There are some places that have actually adopted these standards,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ,
05:12
and it's really making a difference.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
05:13
A few years ago, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื (ACOG)
05:18
joined forces with other healthcare organizations,
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ืื™ื—ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
05:21
researchers like myself and community organizations.
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื.
05:24
They wanted to implement standard care practices
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
05:27
in hospitals and health systems throughout the country.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:30
And the vehicle they're using is a program called
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ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืฉืžื”
05:33
the Alliance for Innovation in Maternal Health, the AIM program.
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืžื”ื™, ืชื›ื ื™ืช AIM.
05:37
Their goal is to lower maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity rates
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ืืžื”ื™ ื•ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื”ืืžื”ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื”
05:42
through quality and safety initiatives across the country.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:45
The group has developed a number of safety bundles
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช
05:48
that target some of the most preventable causes of a maternal death.
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
05:53
The AIM program currently has the potential to reach
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ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช AIM ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
05:56
over 50 percent of US births.
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ืœืžืขืœ 50% ืžื”ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
05:59
So what's in a safety bundle?
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช?
06:01
Evidence-based practices, protocols, procedures,
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ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช-ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื, ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื•ืช,
06:04
medications, equipment
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืฆื™ื•ื“
06:05
and other items targeting these conditions.
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ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
06:08
Let's take the example of a hemorrhage bundle.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื.
06:11
For a hemorrhage, you need a cart
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืžื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืจื›ื” ื ื™ื™ื“ืช
06:13
that has everything a doctor or nurse might need in an emergency:
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืคื ืื• ืื—ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ื:
06:17
an IV line, an oxygen mask, medications,
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ืขื™ืจื•ื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
06:20
checklists, other equipment.
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ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
06:22
Then you need something to measure blood loss:
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื:
06:25
sponges and pads.
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ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื ืื• ืคื“ื™ื.
06:26
And instead of just eyeballing it,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืŸ,
06:28
the doctors and nurses collect these sponges and pads
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:31
and either weigh them
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ื•ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืื•ืชื
06:33
or use newer technology to accurately assess how much blood has been lost.
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ืื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ื ืื‘ื“.
06:39
The hemorrhage bundle also includes crises protocols for massive transfusions
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ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืขื™ืจื•ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™
06:44
and regular trainings and drills.
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ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื’ื•ืœื™ื ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื.
06:46
Now, California has been a leader in the use of these types of bundles,
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ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”,
06:50
and that's why California saw a 21 percent reduction
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื ืจืฉืžื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 21%
06:54
in near death from hemorrhage
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื
06:56
among hospitals that implemented this bundle in the first year.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ืžื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
07:00
Yet the use of these bundles across the country is spotty or missing.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ ืื• ื—ืกืจ.
07:04
Just like the fact that the use of evidence-based practices
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช-ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
07:07
and the emphasis on safety
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ื•ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช
07:09
differs from one hospital to the next,
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ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•,
07:12
quality of care differs.
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื”.
07:14
And quality of care differs greatly for women of color in the United States.
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ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
07:19
Black women who deliver in this country
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
07:21
are three to four times more likely to suffer a pregnancy-related death
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 3 ืื• 4 ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
07:25
than are white women.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
07:27
This statistic is true for all black women who deliver in this country,
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ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:31
whether they were born in the United States
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
07:33
or born in another country.
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ืื• ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
07:35
Many want to think that income differences drive these disparities,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
07:39
but it goes beyond class.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช.
07:41
A black woman with a college education
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ืืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืงื•ืœื’'
07:44
is nearly twice as likely to die as compared to a white woman
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื”
07:48
with less than a high school education.
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ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:50
And she is two to three times more likely to suffer a severe pregnancy complication
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 2 ืื• 3 ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
07:56
with her delivery.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”.
07:58
Now, I was always taught to think that education was our salvation,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•,
08:02
but in this case, it's simply not true.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:06
This black-white disparity
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ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื‘ื ื™ื
08:08
is the largest disparity
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:10
among all population perinatal health measures,
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื‘-ืœื™ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
08:12
according to the CDC.
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ืœืคื™ ื”- CDC.
08:14
And these disparities are even more pronounced
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ื•ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:17
in some of our cities.
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
08:18
For example, in New York City,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
08:20
a black woman is eight to 12 times more likely to die
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ืœืืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืคื™ 8 ืขื“ 12 ืœืžื•ืช
08:24
from a pregnancy-related cause than is a white woman.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื”.
08:28
Now, I think many of you are probably familiar with
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื
08:31
the heart-wrenching story of Dr. Shalon Irving,
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ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืข ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื™ื ื’,
08:33
a CDC epidemiologist who died following childbirth.
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ืืคื™ื“ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘- CDC, ืฉืžืชื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื”.
08:37
Her story was reported in ProPublica and NPR
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘- ProPublica ื•ื‘- NPR
08:41
a little less than a year ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”.
08:43
Recently, I was at a conference
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ืก
08:45
and I had the privilege of hearing her mother speak.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช.
08:47
She brought the entire audience to tears.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžืขื•ืช.
08:50
Shalon was a brilliant epidemiologist,
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ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคื™ื“ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”,
08:53
committed to studying racial and ethnic disparities in health.
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืขืจื™ื ื’ื–ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืืชื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
08:56
She was 36 years old, this was her first baby,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 36, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”,
08:59
and she was African-American.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช.
09:02
Now, Shalon did have a complicated pregnancy,
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ืœืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
09:05
but she delivered a healthy baby girl and was discharged from the hospital.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
09:09
Three weeks later, she died from complications of high blood pressure.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื.
09:14
Shalon was seen four or five times by healthcare professionals
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ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืงื” 4 ืื• 5 ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
09:19
in those three weeks.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
09:20
She was not listened to,
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ืœื ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื”,
09:22
and the severity of her condition was not recognized.
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ื•ืœื ื–ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืžืฆื‘ื”.
09:27
Now, Shalon's story is just one of many stories
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื
09:30
about racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืขืจื™ื ื’ื–ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืืชื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
09:33
in the United States,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
09:35
and there's a growing recognition that the social determinants of health,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
09:39
such as racism, poverty, education, segregated housing,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ืขื•ื ื™, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื,
09:44
contribute to these disparities.
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ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื•ืชื ืคืขืจื™ื.
09:46
But Shalon's story highlights an additional underlying cause:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ื ืกืชืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ:
09:50
quality of care.
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
09:52
Lack of standards in postpartum care.
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ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
09:55
Shalon was seen multiple times by clinicians in those three weeks,
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ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
09:58
and she still died.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื”.
10:00
Quality of care in the setting of childbirth
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื”
10:03
is an underlying cause of racial and ethnic disparities
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ื ืกืชืจ ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื’ื–ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืืชื ื™ื™ื
10:06
in maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื•ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”
10:09
in the United States,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:10
and it's something we can address now.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
10:14
Research by our team and others
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
10:16
has documented that, for a variety of reasons,
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ืชื™ืขื“ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
10:18
black women tend to deliver in a specific set of hospitals,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืœื“ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
10:22
and those hospitals often have worse outcomes for both black and white women,
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ื•ืœืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช,
10:26
regardless of patient risk factors.
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช.
10:29
This is true overall in the United States,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:31
where about three quarters of all black women
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ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช
10:34
deliver in a specific set of hospitals,
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ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
10:36
while less than one-fifth of white women deliver in those same hospitals.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
10:40
In New York City, a woman's risk of having a life-threatening complication
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ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืš ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื
10:44
during delivery
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
10:46
can be six times higher in one hospital than another.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 6 ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื—ืจ.
10:49
Not surprisingly, black women are more likely to deliver
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœื“ื ื”
10:53
in hospitals with worse outcomes.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:55
In fact, differences in delivery hospital
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืœื“ื™ื
10:57
explain nearly one-half of the black-white disparity.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืคืขืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื-ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
11:01
While we must address social determinants of health
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
11:04
if we're ever going to truly have equitable health care in this country,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
11:08
many of these are deep-seated and they will take some time to resolve.
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ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
11:12
In the meantime, we can tackle quality of care.
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
11:15
Providing high-quality care across the care continuum
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ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™
11:19
means providing access to safe and reliable contraception
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืœืกืคืง ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื™ื
11:22
throughout women's reproductive lives.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
11:25
Before pregnancy, it means providing preconception care,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื“ื™ื,
11:30
so we can manage chronic illness and optimize health.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.
11:34
During pregnancy, it includes high-quality prenatal and delivery care
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื˜ืจื•ื ืœื™ื“ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
11:38
so we can produce healthy moms and babies.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
11:41
And finally, after pregnancy, it includes postpartum and inter-pregnancy care
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช
11:46
so we can set moms up to have a healthy next baby
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื
11:49
and a healthy life.
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ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
11:51
And it can literally spell the difference between life and death,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช,
11:54
as it did in the case of Maria,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื”,
11:56
who checked into the hospital after having an elevated blood pressure
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ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื
11:59
during a prenatal visit.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื˜ืจื•ื-ืœื™ื“ื”.
12:01
Maria was 40, and this was her second pregnancy.
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ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 40, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื”.
12:05
During Maria's first pregnancy that had happened two years earlier,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื”, ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ,
12:08
she also didn't feel so well in the last few weeks of her pregnancy,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
12:12
and she had a few elevated blood pressures,
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื.
12:14
but nobody seemed to pay attention.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
12:16
They just said, "Maria, don't worry, you'll be fine.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืืžืจื•: "ืžืจื™ื”, ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื™, ืืช ืชื”ื™ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
12:19
This is your first pregnancy. You're a little nervous."
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ืืช ืงืฆืช ืœื—ื•ืฆื”".
12:22
But it did not end well for Maria last time.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
12:24
She seized during labor.
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ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื›ืกื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
12:26
Well, this time her team really listened.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
12:29
They asked smart and probing questions.
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
12:31
Her doctor counseled her about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืœื” ื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืขืœืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
12:35
and explained that if she was not feeling well,
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘,
12:37
she needed to come in and be seen.
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ืขืœื™ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง.
12:40
And this time Maria came in,
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ื•ื”ืคืขื ืžืจื™ื” ื—ื–ืจื”,
12:42
and her doctor immediately sent her to the hospital.
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ื•ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื” ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
12:45
At the hospital, her doctor ordered urgent lab tests.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื ื—ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื•ืช.
12:49
They hooked her up to multiple different monitors
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ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
12:51
and paid special attention to her blood pressure,
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ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”,
12:54
the fetal heart rate tracing
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ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™
12:55
and gave her IV medication to prevent a seizure.
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื™ืจื›ื•ืกื™ื.
12:59
And when Maria's blood pressure got so high it put her at risk for a stroke,
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ื•ื›ืฉืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืฅ,
13:03
her doctors and nurses jumped into action.
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ืขืงื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
13:05
They repeated her blood pressure in 15 minutes
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช
13:07
and declared a hypertensive emergency.
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื.
13:10
They gave her the right IV medication according to the latest correct protocol.
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ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:14
They worked smoothly together as a coordinated team
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ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืื
13:17
and successfully lowered her blood pressure.
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”.
13:21
As a result, what could have been a tragedy became a success story.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
13:25
Maria's dangerous symptoms were controlled,
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
13:27
and she delivered a healthy baby girl.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
13:30
And before Maria was discharged from the hospital,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืจื™ื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
13:33
her doctor counseled her again about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia,
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืขืœืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
13:36
the importance of having her blood pressure checked,
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”,
13:39
especially in this first week postpartum
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
13:41
and gave her education about postpartum health and what to expect.
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจืื•ืชื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
13:46
And in the weeks and months that followed,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
13:48
naturally, Maria had follow-up visits with her pediatrician
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ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื™ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืคื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”
13:51
to check in on her baby's health.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื”.
13:53
But just as important,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช,
13:54
she had follow-up visits with her ob-gyn
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื ื™ืงื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื”
13:57
to check in on her health, her blood pressure,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”,
13:59
and her cares and concerns as a new mother.
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ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ืืžื ื˜ืจื™ื”.
14:02
This is what high-quality care across the care continuum looks like,
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™.
14:06
and this is how it can look.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช.
14:08
If every pregnant woman in every community
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ืื ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื”
14:11
received this kind of high-quality care
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ืชื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
14:14
and delivered at facilities that utilized standard care practices,
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ื•ืชืœื“ ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
14:18
our maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity rates would plummet.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื”ืืžื”ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฆื ื—ื•.
14:22
Our international ranking would no longer be an embarrassment.
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ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืš.
14:25
But the truth is, we've had decades of unacceptably high rates
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช
14:30
of maternal death and life-threatening complications during delivery
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ื“ื”
14:35
and decades of devastating consequences for moms, babies and families,
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ื•ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื”ื•ืช, ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช,
14:40
and we have not been moved to action.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
14:43
The recent media attention on our poor performance on maternal mortality
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ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ืชื” ืืžื”ื™ืช
14:47
has helped the public to understand:
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ืขื–ืจื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ:
14:49
high-quality maternal health care is within reach.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืžื”ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“.
14:52
The question is:
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื:
14:53
Are we as a society ready to value pregnant women from every community?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื”?
14:59
For my part, I'm doing everything I can to ensure that when we do,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
15:03
we have the tools and evidence base ready
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ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
15:06
to move forward.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
15:09
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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