How we can improve maternal healthcare -- before, during and after pregnancy | Elizabeth Howell

68,314 views

2019-08-29 ใƒป TED


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How we can improve maternal healthcare -- before, during and after pregnancy | Elizabeth Howell

68,314 views ใƒป 2019-08-29

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seohee Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
It was chaos as I got off the elevator.
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์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์•„๋น„๊ทœํ™˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
I was coming back on duty as a resident physician
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์ €๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
to cover the labor and delivery unit.
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00:20
And all I could see was a swarm of doctors and nurses
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์ œ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งด๋„๋Š”
00:24
hovering over a patient in the labor room.
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
They were all desperately trying to save a woman's life.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ๊ฐ„ํž˜์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:29
The patient was in shock.
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๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‡ผํฌ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
She had delivered a healthy baby boy a few hours before I arrived.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Suddenly, she collapsed, became unresponsive,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
00:39
and had profuse uterine bleeding.
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๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž๊ถ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
By the time I got to the room,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋งŒ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:44
there were multiple doctors and nurses, and the patient was lifeless.
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋™๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
The resuscitation team tried to bring her back to life,
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์‘๊ธ‰ํŒ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์™€์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:51
but despite everyone's best efforts,
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:53
she died.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
What I remember most about that day was the father's piercing cry.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ ˆ๊ทœํ•˜๋Š” ์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
It went through my heart and the heart of everyone on that floor.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
This was supposed to be the happiest day of his life,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ ์ด ๋Œ€์‹ ,
01:05
but instead it turned out to be the worst day.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋‚ ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
I wish I could say this tragedy was an isolated incident,
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์ด ๋น„๊ทน์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:13
but sadly, that's not the case.
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Every year in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„, ์•ฝ 700๋ช…์—์„œ 900๋ช… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
01:18
somewhere between 700 and 900 women die
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์ž„์‹  ๊ด€๋ จ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
from a pregnancy-related cause.
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01:23
The shocking part of this story
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด
01:25
is that our maternal mortality rate is actually higher
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ,
01:29
than all other high-income countries,
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01:31
and our rates are far worse for women of color.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Our rate of maternal mortality actually increased over the last decade,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
while other countries reduced their rates.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:43
And the biggest paradox of all?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์—ญ์„ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:45
We spend more on health care than any other country in the world.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํฐ ๋ˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Well, around the same time in residency that this new mother lost her life,
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๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ ์‹œ์ ˆ, ์•„๊นŒ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฏค
01:54
I became a mother myself.
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์ €๋„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And even with all of my background and training in the field,
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์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:00
I was taken aback by how little attention was paid
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์ €๋Š” ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:03
to delivering high-quality maternal health care.
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๋“ฑํ•œ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
And I thought about what that meant, not just for myself
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ € ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
but for so many other women.
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02:11
Maybe it's because my dad was a civil rights attorney
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—ฌ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ
02:15
and my parents were socially conscious
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์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…”์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
and demanded that we stand up for what we believe in.
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02:20
Or the fact that my parents were born in Jamaica,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์™€์„œ
02:22
came to the United States
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ๋“œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:24
and were able to realize the American Dream.
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02:27
Or maybe it was my residency training,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:29
where I saw firsthand
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
02:31
how poorly so many low-income women of color were treated
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๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
by our healthcare system.
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02:36
For whatever the reason, I felt a responsibility to stand up,
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:40
not just for myself,
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์ € ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:41
but for all women,
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02:43
and especially those marginalized by our healthcare system.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:46
And I decided to focus my career on improving maternal health care.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์„ฑ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So what's killing mothers?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:54
Cardiovascular disease, hemorrhage,
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์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜, ์ถœํ˜ˆ, ๋ฐœ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ํ˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋“ฑ์ด
02:57
high blood pressure causing seizures and strokes,
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03:00
blood clots and infection
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03:01
are some of the major causes of maternal mortality in this country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
But a maternal death is only the tip of the iceberg.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง์€ ๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
For every death, over a hundred women suffer a severe complication
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ 100๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
์ž„์‹ , ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์•“๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:14
related to pregnancy and childbirth,
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03:16
resulting in over 60,000 women every year having one of these events.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ 60,000๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์ฆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
These complications, called severe maternal morbidity,
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์ค‘์ฆ๋ชจ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋“ค์€,
03:24
are on the rise in the United States, and they're life-altering.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋’คํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
It's estimated that somewhere between 1.5 and two percent
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 400๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์•ฝ 1.5์—์„œ 2%์—
03:32
of the four million deliveries that occur every year in this country
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ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์งˆํ™˜๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
are associated with one of these events.
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03:38
That is five or six women every hour having a blood clot, a seizure, a stroke,
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์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ์•ฝ 5-6๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
ํ˜ˆ์ „, ๋ฐœ์ž‘, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:44
receiving a blood transfusion,
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03:45
having end-organ damage such as kidney failure,
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์‹ ๋ถ€์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „์ด๋‚˜
03:48
or some other tragic event.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Now, the part of this story that's frankly unforgivable
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฉ์„œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€,
03:55
is the fact that 60 percent of these deaths and severe complications
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์˜ 60%๋Š”
์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
are thought to be preventable.
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04:02
When I say 60 percent are preventable,
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ 60%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
04:04
I mean there are concrete steps and standard procedures
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”,
04:08
that we could implement
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04:09
that could prevent these bad outcomes from occurring
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
and save women's lives.
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04:14
And it doesn't require fancy new technology.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์ƒˆ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
We just have to apply what we know
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๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:19
and ensure equal standards between hospitals.
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๋˜ ๋ณ‘์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
For example, if a pregnant woman in labor has really high blood pressure
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ,
04:27
and we treat her with the right antihypertensive medication
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋•Œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:30
in a timely fashion,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
we can prevent stroke.
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04:34
If we accurately track blood loss during delivery,
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ค‘์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถœํ˜ˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:37
we can detect a hemorrhage sooner and save a woman's life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
์‚ฐ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
We could actually lower the rates of these catastrophic events tomorrow,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:46
but it requires that we value the quality of care
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์‹  ์ „ํ›„์™€ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์„
04:49
we deliver to pregnant women
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04:50
before, during and after pregnancy.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
If we raise quality of care universally to what is supposed to be the standard,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„
์• ์ดˆ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:58
we could bring the rates of these deaths and severe complications way down.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Well, there is some good news.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
There are some success stories.
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์ด ์†Œ์‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
There are some places that have actually adopted these standards,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
and it's really making a difference.
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05:13
A few years ago, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค,
05:18
joined forces with other healthcare organizations,
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๋˜ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค, ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
researchers like myself and community organizations.
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05:24
They wanted to implement standard care practices
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:27
in hospitals and health systems throughout the country.
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๋„์ž…ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And the vehicle they're using is a program called
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€
05:33
the Alliance for Innovation in Maternal Health, the AIM program.
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๋ชจ์„ฑ๋ณด๊ฑดํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ, 'AIM ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ'์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Their goal is to lower maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity rates
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฆ๋ชจ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
through quality and safety initiatives across the country.
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05:45
The group has developed a number of safety bundles
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์ด ํŒ€์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์›์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ
05:48
that target some of the most preventable causes of a maternal death.
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์ง€์นจ์„œ โ€˜์˜๋ฃŒ์•ˆ์ „ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€โ€™๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
The AIM program currently has the potential to reach
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AIM ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ถœ์‚ฐ์˜ 50% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ• 
05:56
over 50 percent of US births.
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์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
So what's in a safety bundle?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์˜๋ฃŒ์•ˆ์ „ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:01
Evidence-based practices, protocols, procedures,
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ–‰์œ„, ๊ทœ์•ฝ, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ๋น„,
06:04
medications, equipment
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06:05
and other items targeting these conditions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Let's take the example of a hemorrhage bundle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
06:11
For a hemorrhage, you need a cart
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์ถœํ˜ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ, ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜
06:13
that has everything a doctor or nurse might need in an emergency:
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์šด๋ฐ˜์šฉ ์นดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
an IV line, an oxygen mask, medications,
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์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ค„, ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:20
checklists, other equipment.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ์นดํŠธ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:22
Then you need something to measure blood loss:
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์ถœํ˜ˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:25
sponges and pads.
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์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์™€ ํŒจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:26
And instead of just eyeballing it,
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๋ˆˆ๋งŒ ๋ฉ€๋šฑ๋ฉ€๋šฑ ๋œจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
06:28
the doctors and nurses collect these sponges and pads
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์™€ ํŒจ๋“œ๋กœ ์ถœํ˜ˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
06:31
and either weigh them
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ• 
06:33
or use newer technology to accurately assess how much blood has been lost.
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์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
The hemorrhage bundle also includes crises protocols for massive transfusions
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๊ณผ
06:44
and regular trainings and drills.
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์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Now, California has been a leader in the use of these types of bundles,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ง„๋‘์ง€ํœ˜ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ ,
06:50
and that's why California saw a 21 percent reduction
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์™œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ
์ฒซํ•ด์— ์ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์— ํ•œํ•ด
06:54
in near death from hemorrhage
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06:56
among hospitals that implemented this bundle in the first year.
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์ถœํ˜ˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด 21% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Yet the use of these bundles across the country is spotty or missing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํ—ˆ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Just like the fact that the use of evidence-based practices
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๋ณ‘์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„, ๋˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
07:07
and the emphasis on safety
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์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
07:09
differs from one hospital to the next,
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์ฆ‰, ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
quality of care differs.
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07:14
And quality of care differs greatly for women of color in the United States.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๋” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Black women who deliver in this country
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
07:21
are three to four times more likely to suffer a pregnancy-related death
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์ž„์‹  ๊ด€๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
3๋ฐฐ์—์„œ 4๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
than are white women.
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07:27
This statistic is true for all black women who deliver in this country,
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์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋“ , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์™ธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
07:31
whether they were born in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
or born in another country.
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07:35
Many want to think that income differences drive these disparities,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
07:39
but it goes beyond class.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
A black woman with a college education
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๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
07:44
is nearly twice as likely to die as compared to a white woman
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
with less than a high school education.
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07:50
And she is two to three times more likely to suffer a severe pregnancy complication
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์‹œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž„์‹  ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์„ ์•“์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 2๋ฐฐ์—์„œ 3๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
with her delivery.
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07:58
Now, I was always taught to think that education was our salvation,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•„์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
08:02
but in this case, it's simply not true.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:06
This black-white disparity
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š”
08:08
is the largest disparity
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ „ํ›„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์กฐ์น˜์—์„œ
08:10
among all population perinatal health measures,
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08:12
according to the CDC.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And these disparities are even more pronounced
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
in some of our cities.
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08:18
For example, in New York City,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ๋Š”
08:20
a black woman is eight to 12 times more likely to die
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž„์‹  ๊ด€๋ จ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด
08:24
from a pregnancy-related cause than is a white woman.
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8๋ฐฐ์—์„œ 12๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Now, I think many of you are probably familiar with
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
์ƒฌ๋ก  ์–ด๋น™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
the heart-wrenching story of Dr. Shalon Irving,
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08:33
a CDC epidemiologist who died following childbirth.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ํ•™์ž์˜€๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:37
Her story was reported in ProPublica and NPR
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์—
ProPublica ์™€ NPR์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:41
a little less than a year ago.
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08:43
Recently, I was at a conference
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ํ•™ํšŒ์—์„œ
08:45
and I had the privilege of hearing her mother speak.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
She brought the entire audience to tears.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๊ฐ์„ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:50
Shalon was a brilliant epidemiologist,
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์ƒฌ๋ก ์€ ์ธ์ข…์ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ „๋…ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜,
08:53
committed to studying racial and ethnic disparities in health.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
She was 36 years old, this was her first baby,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 36์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ ์•„์ด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:59
and she was African-American.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Now, Shalon did have a complicated pregnancy,
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์ƒฌ๋ก ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž„์‹  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ,
09:05
but she delivered a healthy baby girl and was discharged from the hospital.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ํ‡ด์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Three weeks later, she died from complications of high blood pressure.
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3์ฃผ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Shalon was seen four or five times by healthcare professionals
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ค๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ์ง„์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
in those three weeks.
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09:20
She was not listened to,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ฃ์ง€๋„, ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:22
and the severity of her condition was not recognized.
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09:27
Now, Shalon's story is just one of many stories
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์ƒฌ๋ก ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:30
about racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care
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์ธ์ข…์ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ,
09:33
in the United States,
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09:35
and there's a growing recognition that the social determinants of health,
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜, ๊ฐ€๋‚œ, ๊ต์œก, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด
09:39
such as racism, poverty, education, segregated housing,
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๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ ์ฐจ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
contribute to these disparities.
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09:46
But Shalon's story highlights an additional underlying cause:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒฌ๋ก ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
quality of care.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:52
Lack of standards in postpartum care.
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์‚ฐํ›„์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Shalon was seen multiple times by clinicians in those three weeks,
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์ƒฌ๋ก ์€ ๊ทธ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž„์ƒ์˜๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์ง„์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
09:58
and she still died.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Quality of care in the setting of childbirth
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์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์€
10:03
is an underlying cause of racial and ethnic disparities
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฆ๋ชจ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ์žˆ์–ด
10:06
in maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity
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์ธ์ข…์ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
10:09
in the United States,
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10:10
and it's something we can address now.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Research by our team and others
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์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:16
has documented that, for a variety of reasons,
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ,
10:18
black women tend to deliver in a specific set of hospitals,
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๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์›์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ํ‘์ธ, ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
10:22
and those hospitals often have worse outcomes for both black and white women,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
regardless of patient risk factors.
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10:29
This is true overall in the United States,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฉฐ,
10:31
where about three quarters of all black women
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 3์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด,
10:34
deliver in a specific set of hospitals,
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10:36
while less than one-fifth of white women deliver in those same hospitals.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ฑ„ 5๋ถ„์˜ 1๋„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
In New York City, a woman's risk of having a life-threatening complication
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๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ, ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€
10:44
during delivery
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๋ณ‘์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 6๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
can be six times higher in one hospital than another.
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10:49
Not surprisingly, black women are more likely to deliver
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๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋„, ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ
10:53
in hospitals with worse outcomes.
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์ถœ์‚ฐํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
In fact, differences in delivery hospital
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋“ค์€
10:57
explain nearly one-half of the black-white disparity.
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์ธ์ข… ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
While we must address social determinants of health
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—,
11:04
if we're ever going to truly have equitable health care in this country,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:08
many of these are deep-seated and they will take some time to resolve.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
In the meantime, we can tackle quality of care.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์†๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Providing high-quality care across the care continuum
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์ง€์†์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:19
means providing access to safe and reliable contraception
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ดˆ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
throughout women's reproductive lives.
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11:25
Before pregnancy, it means providing preconception care,
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์ž„์‹  ์ „์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:30
so we can manage chronic illness and optimize health.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
During pregnancy, it includes high-quality prenatal and delivery care
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์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์—๋Š”, ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์™€ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ „, ์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
so we can produce healthy moms and babies.
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11:41
And finally, after pregnancy, it includes postpartum and inter-pregnancy care
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ž„์‹  ํ›„์—๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‘˜์งธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ฐํ›„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ,
11:46
so we can set moms up to have a healthy next baby
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๋˜ ์ž„์‹ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
and a healthy life.
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11:51
And it can literally spell the difference between life and death,
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:54
as it did in the case of Maria,
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ํƒœ์•„ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋•Œ ๋†’์€ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:56
who checked into the hospital after having an elevated blood pressure
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11:59
during a prenatal visit.
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12:01
Maria was 40, and this was her second pregnancy.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ 40์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
During Maria's first pregnancy that had happened two years earlier,
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2๋…„ ์ „ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ์งธ๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:08
she also didn't feel so well in the last few weeks of her pregnancy,
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
12:12
and she had a few elevated blood pressures,
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๋†’์€ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋“ฏํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
but nobody seemed to pay attention.
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12:16
They just said, "Maria, don't worry, you'll be fine.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์€ โ€œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ง์•„์š”, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์ฒซ ์ž„์‹ ์ด๋ผ
12:19
This is your first pregnancy. You're a little nervous."
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๊ธด์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
But it did not end well for Maria last time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:24
She seized during labor.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋„์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Well, this time her team really listened.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
They asked smart and probing questions.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์กŒ์ฃ .
12:31
Her doctor counseled her about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์–ธํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:35
and explained that if she was not feeling well,
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์ปจ๋””์…˜์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณ‘์›์— ์™€์„œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
she needed to come in and be seen.
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12:40
And this time Maria came in,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ์™”๊ณ ,
12:42
and her doctor immediately sent her to the hospital.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
At the hospital, her doctor ordered urgent lab tests.
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ, ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์ค„์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ํ›„,
12:49
They hooked her up to multiple different monitors
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12:51
and paid special attention to her blood pressure,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ• ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
12:54
the fetal heart rate tracing
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12:55
and gave her IV medication to prevent a seizure.
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๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋†จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
And when Maria's blood pressure got so high it put her at risk for a stroke,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ด ์˜ฌ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋†’์•„์ง€์ž,
13:03
her doctors and nurses jumped into action.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
They repeated her blood pressure in 15 minutes
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15๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฐ ํ›„, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ฑ๊ธด๊ธ‰์ฆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
and declared a hypertensive emergency.
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13:10
They gave her the right IV medication according to the latest correct protocol.
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์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„ํš์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
They worked smoothly together as a coordinated team
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
13:17
and successfully lowered her blood pressure.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋น„๊ทน์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
As a result, what could have been a tragedy became a success story.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:25
Maria's dangerous symptoms were controlled,
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13:27
and she delivered a healthy baby girl.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
And before Maria was discharged from the hospital,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „,
13:33
her doctor counseled her again about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ›„ ์ฒซ์งธ ์ฃผ์— ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
13:36
the importance of having her blood pressure checked,
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์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ธก์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์–ธํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:39
especially in this first week postpartum
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13:41
and gave her education about postpartum health and what to expect.
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๋˜ ์‚ฐํ›„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต์œกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And in the weeks and months that followed,
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ดํ›„ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ,
13:48
naturally, Maria had follow-up visits with her pediatrician
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์•„์ด์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
to check in on her baby's health.
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13:53
But just as important,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ง„์ฐฐ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ,
13:54
she had follow-up visits with her ob-gyn
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๊ทธ๋…€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:57
to check in on her health, her blood pressure,
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๋˜ ์ดˆ๋ณด ์—„๋งˆ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
13:59
and her cares and concerns as a new mother.
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์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
This is what high-quality care across the care continuum looks like,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ง€์†์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
14:06
and this is how it can look.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋•Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
If every pregnant woman in every community
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
14:11
received this kind of high-quality care
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14:14
and delivered at facilities that utilized standard care practices,
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:18
our maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity rates would plummet.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฆ๋ชจ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Our international ranking would no longer be an embarrassment.
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์ด์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆœ์œ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:25
But the truth is, we've had decades of unacceptably high rates
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์ €ํžˆ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋†’์€
14:30
of maternal death and life-threatening complications during delivery
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋„์ค‘ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ ,
14:35
and decades of devastating consequences for moms, babies and families,
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๋˜ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ, ์•„๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์ฐธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:40
and we have not been moved to action.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:43
The recent media attention on our poor performance on maternal mortality
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€,
14:47
has helped the public to understand:
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
high-quality maternal health care is within reach.
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์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
14:52
The question is:
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์š”์ ์€,
14:53
Are we as a society ready to value pregnant women from every community?
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โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ๋ผ๋„
์กด์ค‘ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
For my part, I'm doing everything I can to ensure that when we do,
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์ €๋กœ์„œ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ–‰๋™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
15:03
we have the tools and evidence base ready
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:06
to move forward.
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15:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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