Dean Kamen: Rolling along, helping students and the third world

33,215 views ใƒป 2007-05-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Moshe Sayag ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
As you pointed out, every time you come here, you learn something.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืช, ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื”, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:29
This morning, the world's experts
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื
00:31
from I guess three or four different companies on building seats,
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ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ืกืื•ืช,
00:35
I think concluded that ultimately, the solution is, people shouldn't sit down.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื”ืกื™ืงื• ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœืฉื‘ืช.
00:40
I could have told them that.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื”.
00:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:44
Yesterday, the automotive guys gave us some new insights.
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ืืชืžื•ืœ, ืื ืฉื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
00:50
They pointed out that, I believe it was between 30 and 50 years from today,
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ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื•ย ืฉืชื•ืš, ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ 30 ืื• 50 ืฉื ื™ื,
00:56
they will be steering cars by wire,
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื,
00:59
without all that mechanical stuff.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:03
That's reassuring.
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ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืข.
01:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:09
They then pointed out that there'd be, sort of, the other controls by wire,
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ืื– ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื™ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื‘ืœื™ื,
01:14
to get rid of all that mechanical stuff.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:16
That's pretty good, but why not get rid of the wires?
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœื ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ื’ื ืžื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื?
01:21
Then you don't need anything to control the car, except thinking about it.
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ืื– ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
01:29
I would love to talk about the technology,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
01:31
and sometime, in what's past the 15 minutes,
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ื•ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•, ืื—ืจื™ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช,
01:35
I'll be happy to talk to all the techno-geeks around here
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ืืฉืžื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ื™ื ื›ืืŸ
01:37
about what's in here.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
01:41
But if I had one thing to say about this, before we get to first,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ,
01:45
it would be that from the time we started building this,
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ื–ื” ืฉืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
01:51
the big idea wasn't the technology.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:53
It really was a big idea in technology when we started applying it
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:56
in the iBOT for the disabled community.
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ื‘-iBOT (ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™) ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื ื›ื™ื.
01:58
The big idea here is, I think, a new piece of a solution
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื—ืœืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
02:04
to a fairly big problem in transportation.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
02:08
And maybe to put that in perspective: there's so much data on this,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืฉืจ: ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
02:13
I'll be happy to give it to you in different forms.
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ืฉืืฉืžื— ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:15
You never know what strikes the fancy of whom,
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื™,
02:18
but everybody is perfectly willing to believe the car changed the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:23
And Henry Ford, just about 100 years ago, started cranking out Model Ts.
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ื•ื”ื ืจื™ ืคื•ืจื“, ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›-100 ืฉื ื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช Model T.
02:27
What I don't think most people think about
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ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
02:29
is the context of how technology is applied.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช.
02:33
For instance, in that time, 91 percent of America
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื, 91 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
02:36
lived either on farms or in small towns.
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ื’ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
02:39
So, the car --
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ืื–, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช -
02:42
the horseless carriage that replaced the horse and carriage -- was a big deal;
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ื”ื›ืจื›ืจื” ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื›ืจื›ืจื” ืขื ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื - ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
02:46
it went twice as fast as a horse and carriage.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื”ื›ืจื›ืจื” ืขื ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื.
02:48
It was half as long.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจืš.
02:50
And it was an environmental improvement, because, for instance,
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™, ื›ื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
02:54
in 1903 they outlawed horses and buggies in downtown Manhattan,
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ื‘-1903 ืกื•ืกื™ื ื•ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ,
02:59
because you can imagine what the roads look like
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืจืื•
03:02
when you have a million horses,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืกื™ื,
03:05
and a million of them urinating and doing other things,
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ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื ืžืฉืชื™ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:09
and the typhoid and other problems created were almost unimaginable.
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ื•ืžื—ืœืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืืจ.
03:15
So the car was the clean environmental alternative to a horse and buggy.
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ืื– ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืœืกื•ืก ื•ืœืขื’ืœื”.
03:19
It also was a way for people to get from their farm to a farm,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื”,
03:23
or their farm to a town, or from a town to a city.
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ืื• ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืœืขื™ืจ.
03:26
It all made sense, with 91 percent of the people living there.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ืฉ-91 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื.
03:31
By the 1950s, we started connecting all the towns together
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ืขื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช
03:35
with what a lot of people claim is the eighth wonder of the world, the highway system.
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ืขื ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื›-"ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคืœืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื", ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
03:39
And it is certainly a wonder.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคืœื.
03:42
And by the way, as I take shots at old technologies,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช,
03:46
I want to assure everybody, and particularly the automotive industry --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:50
who's been very supportive of us --
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ืฉืชืžื›ื” ื‘ื ื• ืžืื•ื“,
03:52
that I don't think this in any way competes with airplanes, or cars.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:00
But think about where the world is today.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:04
50 percent of the global population now lives in cities.
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50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื—ื™ื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
04:07
That's 3.2 billion people.
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ื–ื” 3.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ.
04:11
We've solved all the transportation problems
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ืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”
04:13
that have changed the world to get it to where we are today.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:16
500 years ago, sailing ships started getting reliable enough;
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ืœืคื ื™ 500 ืฉื ื”, ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง,
04:19
we found a new continent.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
04:21
150 years ago, locomotives got efficient enough, steam power,
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ืœืคื ื™ 150 ืฉื ื”, ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ,
04:25
that we turned the continent into a country.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:28
Over the last hundred years, we started building cars,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 100 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
04:31
and then over the 50 years we've connected every city to every other city
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื™ืฉืจื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื
04:34
in an extraordinarily efficient way,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
04:36
and we have a very high standard of living as a consequence of that.
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:39
But during that entire process, more and more people have been born,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื,
04:44
and more and more people are moving to cities.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื.
04:46
China alone is going to move four to six hundred million people
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ืกื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ 400 ืœ 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:50
into cities in the next decade and a half.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:54
And so, nobody, I think, would argue that airplanes, in the last 50 years,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืฉืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื, ื‘-50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
05:00
have turned the continent and the country now into a neighborhood.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
05:04
And if you just look at how technology has been applied,
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ื•ืื ืจืง ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช,
05:06
we've solved all the long-range, high-speed, high-volume,
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ืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื,
05:10
large-weight problems of moving things around.
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื‘ื ืคื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.
05:13
Nobody would want to give them up.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
05:15
And I certainly wouldn't want to give up my airplane,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœื™,
05:18
or my helicopter, or my Humvee, or my Porsche.
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ืื• ื”ืžืกื•ืง ืฉืœื™, ืื• ื”ื”ืืžืจ ืฉืœื™, ืื• ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื” ืฉืœื™.
05:22
I love them all. I don't keep any of them in my living room.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
05:25
The fact is, the last mile is the problem,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
05:30
and half the world now lives in dense cities.
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ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืจื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช.
05:33
And people spend, depending on who they are,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื™ ื”ื,
05:35
between 90 and 95 percent of their energy getting around on foot.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 90 ืœ-95 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
05:40
I think there's -- I don't know what data would impress you,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ- ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืื™ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ื™ืจืฉื™ื ืืชื›ื,
05:43
but how about, 43 percent of the refined fuel produced in the world
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™, 43 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
05:49
is consumed by cars in metropolitan areas in the United States.
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ื ืฆืจืš ืข"ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจืš ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
05:55
Three million people die every year in cities due to bad air,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
06:00
and almost all particulate pollution on this planet
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช
06:03
is produced by transportation devices, particularly sitting in cities.
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ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื™ื.
06:08
And again, I say that not to attack any industry,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืฃ ืชืขืฉื™ื”,
06:12
I think -- I really do -- I love my airplane,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ - ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช - ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœื™,
06:15
and cars on highways moving 60 miles an hour
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืื” ืงืž"ืฉ
06:18
are extraordinarily efficient,
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ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
06:20
both from an engineering point of view,
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ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช,
06:23
an energy consumption point of view, and a utility point of view.
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ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
06:26
And we all love our cars, and I do.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื’ื ืื ื™.
06:29
The problem is, you get into the city and you want to go four blocks,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืืชื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
06:33
it's neither fun nor efficient nor productive.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื™ืฃ, ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืคืจื•ื“ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
06:36
It's not sustainable.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
06:38
If -- in China, in the year 1998, 417 million people used bicycles;
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ืื -- ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1998, 417 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
06:44
1.7 million people used cars.
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ื•-1.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:48
If five percent of that population became, quote, middle class,
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ืื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœ-"ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื",
06:52
and wanted to go the way we've gone in the last hundred years
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ื•ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืฆืขื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
06:57
at the same time that 50 percent of their population are moving into cities
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉ-50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื™ื
07:00
of the size and density of Manhattan, every six weeks --
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช -
07:04
it isn't sustainable environmentally;
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
07:06
it isn't sustainable economically -- there just ain't enough oil --
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช -- ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืคื˜.
07:10
and it's not sustainable politically.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช.
07:12
I mean, what are we fighting over right now?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
07:14
We can make it complicated, but what's the world fighting over right now?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ืš ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
07:18
So it seemed to me that somebody had to work on that last mile,
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
07:25
and it was dumb luck. We were working on iBOTs,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ืœ. ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ iBOT-ื™ื.
07:28
but once we made this, we instantly decided
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
07:30
it could be a great alternative to jet skis. You don't need the water.
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ ืžื™ื, ืจืง ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื™ื.
07:34
Or snowmobiles. You don't need the snow.
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ืื• ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ ืฉืœื’. ืจืง ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื’.
07:36
Or skiing. It's just fun, and people love to move around doing fun things.
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ืื• ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืกืงื™. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ืฃ, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช.
07:43
And every one of those industries, by the way --
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
07:45
just golf carts alone is a multi-billion-dollar industry.
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืœื‘ื“ื” ืžื’ืœื’ืœืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.
07:48
But rather than go license this off, which is what we normally do,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ,
07:51
it seemed to me that if we put all our effort not into the technology,
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื•, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
07:55
but into an understanding of a world that's solved all its other problems,
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ืืœื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืคืชืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื•,
07:59
but has somehow come to accept that cities -- which,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืจื™ื,
08:04
right back from ancient Greece on, were meant to walk around,
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ืฉืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
08:07
cities that were architected and built for people --
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ืขืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:10
now have a footprint that,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืฉ...
08:12
while we've solved every other transportation problem --
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช...
08:14
and it's like Moore's law.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ึผืจ.
08:16
I mean, look at the time it took to cross a continent in a Conestoga wagon,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืงื— ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืขื’ืœื” ืขื ืกื•ืกื™ื,
08:21
then on a railroad, then an airplane.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื•ืื– ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก.
08:24
Every other form of transportation's been improved.
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ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื•.
08:28
In 5,000 years, we've gone backwards in getting around cities.
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ื‘-5,000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื™ื.
08:32
They've gotten bigger; they're spread out.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•.
08:35
The most expensive real estate on this planet in every city --
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ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ --
08:40
Wilshire Boulevard, or Fifth Avenue, or Tokyo, or Paris --
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ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื™ื™ืจ, ืื• ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื• ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•, ืื• ืคืจื™ื– --
08:44
the most expensive real estate is their downtowns.
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ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ.
08:47
65 percent of the landmass of our cities are parked cars.
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65 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื—ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:51
The 20 largest cities in the world.
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20 ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:53
So you wonder, what if cities could give to their pedestrians
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ืื– ืืชื” ืชื•ื”ื”, ืžื” ืื ื”ืขืจื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืชืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ
08:58
what we take for granted as we now go between cities?
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื?
09:02
What if you could make them fun, attractive, clean,
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ืžื” ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื”ื ื•ืช, ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื ืงื™ื•ืช,
09:06
environmentally friendly?
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
09:10
What if it would make it a little bit more palatable
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ืžื” ืื ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืขื™ื
09:13
to have access via this, as that last link to mass transit,
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ืœืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื•, ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื,
09:19
to get out to your cars so we can all live in the suburbs
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื
09:22
and use our cars the way we want,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
09:24
and then have our cities energized again?
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืจื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ?
09:29
We thought it would be really neat to do that,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
09:31
and one of the problems we really were worried about
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉืฉื ื• ืžื”ืŸ
09:33
is: how do we get legal on the sidewalk?
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”,
09:36
Because technically I've got motors; I've got wheels -- I'm a motor vehicle.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื -- ืื ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ื ืข.
09:40
I don't look like a motor vehicle.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ื ืข.
09:42
I have the same footprint as a pedestrian;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ื–ื”ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื’ืœ,
09:44
I have the same unique capability
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช
09:48
to deal with other pedestrians in a crowded space.
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ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆืคื•ืฃ.
09:50
I took this down to Ground Zero,
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื• (ืืชืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื)
09:52
and knocked my way through crowds for an hour.
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ื•ื ื“ื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขื ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”.
09:55
I'm a pedestrian. But the law typically lags technology by a generation or two,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื’ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืคื’ืจ ื‘ื“"ื› ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
10:00
and if we get told we don't belong on the sidewalk, we have two choices.
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ื•ืื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช.
10:06
We're a recreational vehicle that doesn't really matter,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืคื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข,
10:08
and I don't spend my time doing that kind of stuff.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
10:13
Or maybe we should be out in the street
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื
10:15
in front of a Greyhound bus or a vehicle.
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ืžื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
10:19
We've been so concerned about that,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš,
10:21
we went to the Postmaster General of the United States,
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ืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืจืืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
10:23
as the first person we ever showed on the outside,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืœื•,
10:26
and said, "Put your people on it. Everybody trusts their postman.
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•: "ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื›ื•ืœื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
10:30
And they belong on the sidewalks, and they'll use it seriously."
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ื•ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช."
10:35
He agreed. We went to a number of police departments
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื™ื. ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
10:38
that want their police officers back in the neighborhood
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:40
on the beat, carrying 70 pounds of stuff. They love it.
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ืชื•ืš ื ืฉื™ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 30 ืงื™ืœื•. ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
10:44
And I can't believe a policeman is going to give themselves a ticket.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ื•"ื—.
10:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:51
So we've been working really, really hard,
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ืื– ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”.
10:53
but we knew that the technology would not be as hard to develop
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›"ื› ืงืฉื”
10:56
as an attitude about what's important, and how to apply the technology.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
11:01
We went out and we found some visionary people
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ
11:04
with enough money to let us design and build these things,
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ืขื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
11:09
and in hopefully enough time to get them accepted.
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ื•ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื.
11:13
So, I'm happy, really, I am happy to talk about this technology as much as you want.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—, ื‘ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
11:18
And yes, it's really fun, and yes, you should all go out and try it.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื™ืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
11:22
But if I could ask you to do one thing,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
11:24
it's not to think about it as a piece of technology,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
11:26
but just imagine that, although we all understand somehow
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ืืœื” ืจืง ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•
11:30
that it's reasonable that we use our 4,000-pound machine,
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 2 ื˜ื•ืŸ,
11:34
which can go 60 miles an hour,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœ-100 ืงืž"ืฉ,
11:36
that can bring you everywhere you want to go,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชืš ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืจืฆื”,
11:38
and somehow it's also what we used for the last mile,
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ื•ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
11:44
and it's broken, and it doesn't work.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
11:47
One of the more exciting things that occurred to us
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ืœื ื•
11:50
about why it might get accepted, happened out here in California.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
11:55
A few weeks ago, after we launched it,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉืงื ื• ืื•ืชื•,
11:57
we were here with a news crew on Venice Beach, zipping up and back,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘-"ื•ื ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฅ'", ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
12:02
and he's marveling at the technology,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
12:04
and meanwhile bicycles are zipping by,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
12:06
and skateboarders are zipping by,
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ื•ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื“ื™ื,
12:08
and a little old lady -- I mean, if you looked in the dictionary,
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืงืฉื™ืฉื” ืงื˜ื ื” - ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™,
12:12
a little old lady -- came by me --
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ืงืฉื™ืฉื” ืงื˜ื ื” - ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืืœื™,
12:15
and now that I'm on this, I'm the height of a normal adult now --
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• -
12:19
and she just stops, and the camera is there, and she looks up at me
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขืฆืจื”, ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™
12:25
and says, "Can I try that?"
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ื•ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?"
12:28
And what was I -- you know, how are you going to say anything?
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ื•ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ - ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•?
12:31
And so I said, "Sure."
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ื•ืื– ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ื˜ื—".
12:33
So I get off, and she gets on, and with a little bit of the usual, ah,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืจื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื”, ื•ืขื ืงืฆืช ืžื”... ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ,
12:39
then she turns around, and she goes about 20 feet,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื•ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ื›-7 ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
12:44
and she turns back around, and she's all smiles.
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ื•ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื•ืคืขืช ื—ื™ื•ื›ื™ื.
12:47
And she comes back to me and she stops, and she says,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืืœื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆืจืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช,
12:53
"Finally, they made something for us."
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"ืกื•ืคืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•."
12:57
And the camera is looking down at her.
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ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
12:59
I'm thinking, "Wow, that was great --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘: "ื•ื•ืื•ื•, ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
13:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:02
-- please lady, don't say another word."
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื’ื‘ืจืช, ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื”."
13:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:07
And the camera is down at her,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืขืœื™ื”,
13:09
and this guy has to put the microphone in her face,
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ,
13:11
said, "What do you mean by that?"
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ืฉื•ืืœ: "ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช?"
13:13
And I figured, "It's all over now,"
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉ"ื–ื”ื•, ื–ื” ืื‘ื•ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•",
13:15
and she looks up and she says, "Well,"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,"
13:19
she's still watching these guys go; she says, "I can't ride a bike," no,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื, ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื," ืœื,
13:22
she says, "I can't use a skateboard, and I've never used roller blades,"
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื“, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืœืจ-ื‘ืœื™ื™ื“ืก,"
13:26
she knew them by name;
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžื,
13:28
she says, "And it's been 50 years since I rode a bicycle."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ 50 ืฉื ื” ืžืื– ืฉืจื›ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื".
13:31
Then she looks up, she's looking up, and she says,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜, ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช:
13:35
"And I'm 81 years old, and I don't drive a car anymore.
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืช 81 ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
13:39
I still have to get to the store, and I can't carry a lot of things."
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื".
13:43
And it suddenly occurred to me, that among my many fears,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
13:47
were not just that the bureaucracy and the regulators
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื
13:50
and the legislators might not get it --
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื–ื”,
13:53
it was that, fundamentally, you believe there's pressure among the people
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืืชื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
13:58
not to invade the most precious little bit of space left,
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ืœื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื•ื”ื™ืงืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ,
14:01
the sidewalks in these cities.
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ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืืœื•.
14:03
When you look at the 36 inches of legal requirement for sidewalk,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ 90 ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”,
14:07
then the eight foot for the parked car, then the three lanes,
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ื•ืื– ืขืœ ื”-2.5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื,
14:10
and then the other eight feet -- it's --
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ื•ืื– ืขืœ ื”-2.5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื -- ื–ื” --
14:12
that little piece is all that's there.
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ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ.
14:16
But she looks up and says this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืืช ื–ื”,
14:18
and it occurs to me, well, kids aren't going to mind these things,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
14:20
and they don't vote, and business people and then young adults
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื, ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
14:24
aren't going to mind these things -- they're pretty cool --
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ื“ื™ ืกื‘ื‘ื”,
14:26
so I guess subliminally I was worried
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื—ืฉืฉืชื™
14:28
that it's the older population that's going to worry.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’.
14:31
So, having seen this, and having worried about it for eight years,
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ืื–, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื“ืื’ืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 8 ืฉื ื™ื,
14:36
the first thing I do is pick up my phone and ask our marketing and regulatory guys,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
14:40
call AARP, get an appointment right away.
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ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ืชื ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
14:43
We've got to show them this thing.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื”.
14:45
And they took it to Washington; they showed them;
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ื•ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœื”ื,
14:48
and they're going to be involved now,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
14:50
watching how these things get absorbed in a number of cities,
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ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื™ื,
14:54
like Atlanta, where we're doing trials to see if it really can, in fact,
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ื›ืžื• ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”,
14:58
help re-energize their downtown.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
15:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:08
The bottom line is, whether you believe the United Nations,
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ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืื•"ื,
15:13
or any of the other think tanks --
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ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช,
15:15
in the next 20 years, all human population growth on this planet
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ืชื•ืš 20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
15:19
will be in cities.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
15:21
In Asia alone, it will be over a billion people.
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ื‘ืืกื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ.
15:24
They learned to start with cell phones.
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™.
15:28
They didn't have to take the 100-year trip we took.
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืŸ 100 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื•.
15:31
They start at the top of the technology food chain.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
15:34
We've got to start building cities and human environments
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืจื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช
15:37
where a 150-pound person can go a couple of miles
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 70 ืง"ื’ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
15:40
in a dense, rich, green-space environment,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื—ื•ืกื”, ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื”,
15:43
without being in a 4,000-pound machine to do it.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืงืœื•ืช 2 ื˜ื•ืŸ.
15:47
Cars were not meant for parallel parking;
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
15:50
they're wonderful machines to go between cities, but just think about it:
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ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
15:54
we've solved all the long-range, high-speed problems.
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ืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
15:59
The Greeks went from the theater of Dionysus to the Parthenon in their sandals.
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ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืžื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก ืœืคื ืชื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
16:04
You do it in your sneakers.
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ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื›ื.
16:06
Not much has changed.
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ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
16:08
If this thing goes only three times as fast as walking -- three times --
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ืื ื–ื” ืžืชืงื“ื ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ,
16:13
a 30-minute walk becomes 10 minutes.
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ื”ืœื™ื›ืช 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ืช 10 ื“ืงื•ืช.
16:15
Your choice, when living in a city, if it's now 10 minutes --
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœืš, ืื ืืชื” ื’ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืื ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื• 10 ื“ืงื•ืช,
16:20
because at 30 minutes you want an alternative, whether it's a bus, a train --
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ื›ื™ ื‘-30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช.
16:24
we've got to build an infrastructure -- a light rail --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื”,
16:26
or you're going to keep parking those cars.
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ืื• ืฉืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
16:28
But if you could put a pin in most cities,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืกื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื,
16:31
and imagine how far you could, if you had the time, walk in one half-hour, it's the city.
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ื•ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
16:37
If you could make it fun, and make it eight or 10 minutes,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ื™ืคื™, ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœ-8 ืื• 10 ื“ืงื•ืช,
16:39
you can't find your car, un-park your car, move your car,
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื—ื ื™ื”, ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื”,
16:42
re-park your car and go somewhere;
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ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื.
16:44
you can't get to a cab or a subway.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
16:47
We could change the way people allocate their resources,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
16:50
the way this planet uses its energy,
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื” ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื•.
16:53
make it more fun.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื™ืคื™.
16:55
And we're hoping to some extent history will say we were right.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืฆื“ืงื ื•.
17:00
That's Segway. This is a Stirling cycle engine;
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ื–ื” ืกื’ื•ื•ื™. ื–ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืกื˜ื™ืจืœื™ื ื’ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™,
17:03
this had been confused by a lot of things we're doing.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
17:07
This little beast, right now, is producing a few hundred watts of electricity.
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ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืžืื•ืช ื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
17:12
Yes, it could be attached to this,
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”,
17:14
and yes, on a kilogram of propane,
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืŸ,
17:17
you could drive from New York to Boston if you so choose.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
17:22
Perhaps more interesting about this little engine is it'll burn any fuel,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืœืง,
17:26
because some of you might be skeptical
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื ื™ื
17:28
about the capability of this to have an impact,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
17:32
where most of the world you can't simply plug into your 120-volt outlet.
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉืงืข 120 ื•ื•ืœื˜.
17:36
We've been working on this,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
17:38
actually, as an alternative energy source,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื™,
17:40
starting way back with Johnson & Johnson, to run an iBOT,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืžื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืื ื“ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ iBOT,
17:42
because the best batteries you could get --
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ื›ื™ ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื,
17:46
10 watt-hours per kilogram in lead,
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10 ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื” ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ืขื•ืคืจืช,
17:48
20 watt-hours per kilogram nickel-cadmium,
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20 ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื” ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ื ื™ืงืœ-ืงื“ืžื™ื•ื,
17:50
40 watt-hours per kilogram in nickel-metal hydride,
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40 ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื” ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ื ื™ืงืœ-ืžื˜ืืœ-ื”ื™ื“ืจืื˜,
17:52
60 watt-hours per kilogram in lithium,
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60 ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื” ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื,
17:55
8,750 watt-hours of energy in every kilogram of propane or gasoline --
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8,750 ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ืคืจื•ืคืืŸ ืื• ื“ืœืง,
18:00
which is why nobody drives electric cars.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
18:02
But, in any event, if you can burn it with the same efficiency --
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช --
18:08
because it's external combustion -- as your kitchen stove,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืชื ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื‘ื—,
18:11
if you can burn any fuel, it turns out to be pretty neat.
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืœืง, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืง.
18:14
It makes just enough electricity to, for instance, do this,
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื“ื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
18:17
which at night is enough electricity, in the rest of the world,
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ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
18:20
as Mr. Holly -- Dr. Holly -- pointed out,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ -- ื“"ืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ -- ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข,
18:23
can run computers and a light bulb.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช.
18:26
But more interestingly, the thermodynamics of this say,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข,
18:30
you're never going to get more than 20 percent efficiency.
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
18:33
It doesn't matter much -- it says if you get 200 watts of electricity,
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื” -- ืž-200 ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ,
18:36
you'll get 700 or 800 watts of heat.
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ืชืงื‘ืœื• 700 ืื• 800 ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื.
18:39
If you wanted to boil water and re-condense it at a rate of 10 gallons an hour,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจืชื™ื— ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 10 ื’ืืœื•ื ื™ื (38~ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื) ืœืฉืขื”
18:44
it takes about 25, a little over 25.3 kilowatt --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ-25, ืงืฆืช ืžืขืœ 25.3 ืงื™ืœื•-ื•ื•ืื˜ --
18:47
25,000 watts of continuous power -- to do it.
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25,000 ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
18:51
That's so much energy, you couldn't afford to desalinate
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ื–ื” ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืชืคื™ืœ
18:53
or clean water in this country that way.
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ืื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•.
18:55
Certainly, in the rest of the world, your choice is to devastate the place,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื,
18:59
turning everything that will burn into heat, or drink the water that's available.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืœื™ืง ืœื—ื•ื, ืื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
19:04
The number one cause of death on this planet among humans is bad water.
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ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื.
19:08
Depending on whose numbers you believe,
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื,
19:10
it's between 60 and 85,000 people per day.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 60 ืœ-85 ืืœืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
19:13
We don't need sophisticated heart transplants around the world.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
19:16
We need water.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื.
19:18
And women shouldn't have to spend four hours a day looking for it,
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– 4 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื,
19:21
or watching their kids die.
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ืื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžืชื™ื.
19:23
We figured out how to put a vapor-compression distiller on this thing,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื—ื™ืกืช ืื“ื™ื,
19:26
with a counter-flow heat exchanger to take the waste heat,
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ืขื ืžืชืžื™ืจ ื—ื•ื ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ืคื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ,
19:29
then using a little bit of the electricity control that process,
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืงืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
19:33
and for 450 watts, which is a little more than half of its waste heat,
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ 450 ื•ื•ืื˜, ืฉื”ื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•,
19:39
it will make 10 gallons an hour of distilled water
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฆืจ 38 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื”
19:41
from anything that comes into it to cool it.
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ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจืจ ืื•ืชื•.
19:43
So if we put this box on here in a few years,
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ืื– ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ืืช ืคื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช,
19:46
could we have a solution to transportation, electricity,
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ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื—ืฉืžืœ,
19:52
and communication, and maybe drinkable water
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ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”
19:56
in a sustainable package that weighs 60 pounds?
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ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉืฉื•ืงืœืช 27 ืงื™ืœื•?
20:00
I don't know, but we'll try it.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื ื ืกื” ืืช ื–ื”.
20:02
I better shut up.
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืืฉืชื•ืง.
20:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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