Niels Diffrient: Rethinking the way we sit down

61,935 views ใƒป 2009-04-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: eviatar edlerman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
When I was five years old
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ
00:16
I fell in love with airplanes.
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ื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
00:19
Now I'm talking about the '30s.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื.
00:22
In the '30s an airplane had two wings
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
00:26
and a round motor,
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ื•ืžื ื•ืข ืขื’ื•ืœ.
00:29
and was always flown
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ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืชืžื™ื“
00:31
by a guy who looked like Cary Grant.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืงืจื™ ื’ืจื ื˜.
00:35
He had high leather boots,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžื’ืคื™ ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื,
00:38
jodhpurs, an old leather jacket,
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ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”, ืžืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉืŸ,
00:41
a wonderful helmet
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ืงืกื“ื” ื ืคืœืื”
00:44
and those marvelous goggles --
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•--
00:46
and, inevitably, a white scarf,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข, ืฆืขื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืŸ
00:50
to flow in the wind.
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ื”ืžืชืขื•ืคืฃ ื‘ืจื•ื—.
00:54
He'd always walk up to his airplane
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ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืœืš ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœื•
00:57
in a kind of saunter,
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ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ื—ืช,
01:00
devil-may-care saunter,
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ื ื—ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื“ืื’ื”,
01:03
flick the cigarette away,
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ื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
01:06
grab the girl waiting here, give her a kiss.
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ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื” ื•ื ืฉืง ืื•ืชื”.
01:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:10
And then mount his airplane,
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ื•ืื– ื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœื•,
01:12
maybe for the last time.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
01:14
Of course I always wondered what would happen
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื”
01:16
if he'd kissed the airplane first.
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืฉืง ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื“ื.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:27
But this was real romance to me.
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ืืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
01:30
Everything about flying in those years,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
01:34
which was -- you have to stop and think for a moment --
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” -- ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื’ืข --
01:37
was probably the most advanced
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:40
technological thing going on at the time.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
01:43
So as a youngster,
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ืื– ื›ื ืขืจ
01:46
I tried to get close to this
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื–ื”
01:48
by drawing airplanes,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื,
01:50
constantly drawing airplanes.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
01:53
It's the way I got
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ื›ืš ืงื‘ืœืชื™
01:55
a part of this romance.
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ืงืฆืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:57
And of course, in a way, when I say romance,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”,
02:00
I mean in part
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
02:02
the aesthetics of that whole situation.
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ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื•ืœื•.
02:06
I think the word is the holistic experience
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช
02:10
revolving around a product.
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ.
02:13
The product was that airplane.
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ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื–ื”.
02:16
But it built a romance.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:19
Even the parts of the airplane
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก
02:22
had French names.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื
02:24
Ze fuselage, ze empanage, ze nessal.
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ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื”ื›ื ืฃ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช, ืืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก.
02:29
You know, from a romance language.
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ื›ื•ืœื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืฉืคื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช.
02:33
So that it was something that just got into your spirit.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืš ืœื ืฉืžื”.
02:36
It did mine.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื™ ืœื ืฉืžื”.
02:38
And I decided I had to get closer than
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ
02:40
just drawing fantasy airplanes.
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ืกืชื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
02:43
I wanted to build airplanes.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
02:46
So I built model airplanes.
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
02:49
And I found that in doing the model airplanes
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื’ืžื™ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
02:55
the appearance drawings were not enough.
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ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื.
02:58
You couldn't transfer those
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื
03:00
to the model itself.
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ืœื“ื’ื ืขืฆืžื•.
03:03
If you wanted it to fly
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ืื ืจืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื“ื’ื ื™ืขื•ืฃ
03:05
you had to learn the discipline
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื
03:08
of flying.
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ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”.
03:10
You had to learn about aeronautics.
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
03:12
You had to learn what made an airplane
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื˜ื•ืก
03:15
stay in the air.
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ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:17
And of course, as a model in those years, you couldn't control it.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ.
03:20
So it had to be self-righting,
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ืื– ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™,
03:23
and stay up without crashing.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืจืกืง.
03:28
So I had to give up
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ืื– ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ
03:30
the approach of drawing
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ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ
03:32
the fantasy shapes
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ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:35
and convert it to technical drawings --
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ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™.
03:38
the shape of the wing, the shape of the fuselage and so on --
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ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืฃ, ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ื›ื•'.
03:41
and build an airplane over these drawings
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื
03:45
that I knew followed some of the principles
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ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:47
of flying.
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ืชืขื•ืคื”.
03:49
And in so doing, I could produce
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ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื™ ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
03:52
a model that would fly, stay in the air.
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฃ ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:55
And it had, once it was in the air,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
03:58
some of this romance that I was in love with.
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ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™.
04:02
Well the act of drawing airplanes
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ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
04:05
led me to,
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™,
04:07
when I had the opportunity to choose
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ
04:09
a course in school,
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ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
04:11
led me to sign up for aeronautical engineering.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
04:15
And when I was sitting in classes --
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื,
04:19
in which no one asked me to draw an airplane --
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ื‘ื”ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืก,
04:22
to my surprise.
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ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื™,
04:25
I had to learn mathematics and mechanics
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ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืงื”
04:27
and all this sort of thing.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:29
I'd wile away my time drawing airplanes
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ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
04:31
in the class.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
04:33
One day a young man looked over my shoulder,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืชืคื™,
04:36
he said, "You draw very well.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืืชื” ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:38
You should be in the art department."
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช."
04:41
And I said, "Why?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœืžื”?"
04:43
And he said, "Well for one thing, there are more girls there."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช."
04:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:50
So my romance was temporarily shifted.
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ืื– ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™.
04:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:54
And I went into art
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
04:56
because they appreciated drawing.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜.
04:58
Studied painting; didn't do very well at that.
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ืœืฆื“ืชื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจ. ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื–ื”.
05:01
Went through design,
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ื”ืชื ืกื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
05:04
some architecture.
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ืงืฆืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช.
05:06
Eventually hired myself out as a designer.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืกืงืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžืขืฆื‘.
05:09
And for the following 25 years,
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ื•ื‘ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
05:12
living in Italy,
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”,
05:14
living in America,
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
05:16
I doled out a piece of this romance
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ื”ืขื ืงืชื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”
05:20
to anybody who'd pay for it --
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”.
05:23
this sense, this aesthetic feeling,
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™,
05:27
for the experience revolving around
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ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘
05:30
a designed object.
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ืœืขืฆื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘.
05:33
And it exists.
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ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื.
05:35
Any of you who rode the automobiles --
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช --
05:38
was it yesterday? --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ? --
05:40
at the track, you know the romance
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ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”
05:43
revolving around those high performance cars.
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
05:49
Well in 25 years
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ 25 ืฉื ื™ื
05:52
I was mostly putting out
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
05:54
pieces of this romance
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช
05:56
and not getting a lot back in
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ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
05:58
because design on call
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”
06:00
doesn't always connect you with a circumstance
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ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืชื ืื™
06:04
in which you can produce things of this nature.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
06:07
So after 25 years I began to feel
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ
06:09
as though I was running dry.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
06:12
And I quit.
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ื•ื”ืชืคื˜ืจืชื™.
06:14
And I started up a very small operation --
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ --
06:17
went from 40 people
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืž 40 ืื™ืฉ
06:19
to one,
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ืœืื—ื“
06:21
in an effort to rediscover my innocence.
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ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
06:25
I wanted to get back
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ
06:27
where the romance was.
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”.
06:30
And I couldn't choose airplanes
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
06:32
because they had gotten sort of unromantic
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื
06:35
at that point,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”.
06:37
even though I'd done a lot of airplane work,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื,
06:39
on the interiors.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
06:41
So I chose furniture.
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ืื– ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜.
06:44
And I chose chairs specifically
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ื•ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
06:47
because I knew something about them.
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ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื.
06:49
I'd designed a lot of chairs, over the years
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ืขืฆื‘ืชื™ ื›ืกืื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
06:52
for tractors and trucks
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื
06:55
and submarines --
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ื•ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช.
06:58
all kinds of things.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:00
But not office chairs.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืกืื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื.
07:02
So I started doing that.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ื–ื”.
07:04
And I found that there were ways
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:07
to duplicate the same approach
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ืœืฉื›ืคืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื’ื™ืฉื”
07:10
that I used to use on the airplane.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
07:13
Only this time,
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ืจืง ืฉื”ืคืขื
07:15
instead of the product being shaped by the wind,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ืจื•ื—,
07:18
it was shaped by the human body.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ืžื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.
07:22
So the discipline was --
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ืื– ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
07:24
as in the airplane you learn a lot about
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ
07:26
how to deal with the air,
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
07:29
for a chair
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืกื
07:31
you have to learn a lot about how to deal
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
07:33
with the body,
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ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
07:35
and what the body needs, wants,
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš, ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช
07:37
indicates it needs.
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ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื.
07:40
And that's the way, ultimately
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
07:42
after some ups and downs,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช,
07:46
I ended up designing the chair I'm going to show you.
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ืขืฆื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื.
07:49
I should say one more thing. When I was doing those
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช
07:53
model airplanes,
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ื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:55
I did everything.
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
07:57
I conceived the kind of airplane.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก.
08:00
I basically engineered it.
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
08:03
I built it.
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
08:05
And I flew it.
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ื•ื”ื˜ืกืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
08:07
And that's the way I work now.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:14
When I started this chair
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ื›ืกื ื”ื–ื”
08:16
it was not a preconceived notion.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื’ื” ืงื•ื“ื.
08:19
Design nowadays, if you mean it,
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
08:22
you don't start with styling sketches.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื ื ื•ืช.
08:26
I started with a lot of loose ideas,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื.
08:29
roughly eight or nine years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 8 ืื• 9 ืฉื ื™ื.
08:32
And the loose ideas had something
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื
08:35
to do with what I knew happened with
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ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื
08:37
people in the office,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“.
08:39
at the work place -- people who worked,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื•,
08:41
and used task seating,
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ื•ืขืฉื• ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
08:44
a great many of them sitting in front of a computer
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘
08:47
all day long.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:49
And I felt,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™,
08:51
the one thing they don't need,
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
08:53
is a chair that interferes
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ื–ื” ื›ืกื ืฉืžืคืจื™ืข
08:55
with their main reason for sitting there.
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ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ืฉื.
08:58
So I took the approach
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ืื– ื ืงื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื”
09:01
that the chair should do as much for them
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ืฉื”ื›ืกื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื
09:04
as humanly possible
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
09:06
or as mechanistically possible
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ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื›ืื ื™ืช
09:10
so that they didn't have to fuss with it.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืื™ืชื•.
09:12
So my idea was that,
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื”
09:14
instead of sitting down and reaching
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ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
09:16
for a lot of controls,
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืงื“ื™ื,
09:18
that you would sit on the chair,
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ืฉืืชื” ืชืชื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกื,
09:20
and it would automatically balance your weight
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืื–ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืงืœืš
09:23
against the force required
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ
09:26
to recline.
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ืœื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช.
09:28
Now that may not mean a lot to some of you.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื.
09:31
But you know most good chairs do recline
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ
09:34
because it's beneficial to open up this joint
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžืคืจืง
09:37
between your legs and your upper body
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
09:39
for better breathing
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”
09:41
and better flow.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:43
So that if you sit down
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ
09:46
on my chair,
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ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื™
09:48
whether you're five feet tall
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ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ืืชื” ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™
09:50
or six foot six,
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ืื• ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื,
09:52
it always deals with your weight
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ื”ื›ืกื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืš
09:56
and transfers the amount of force required
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ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื”
10:00
to recline
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ืœื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช
10:02
in a way that you don't have to look
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืคืฉ
10:05
for something to adjust.
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ืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
10:07
I'll tell you right up front,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช
10:09
this is a trade off.
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ืฉื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
10:11
There are drawbacks to this.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•
10:14
One is: you can't
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ
10:16
accommodate everybody.
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœื›ื•ืœื
10:18
There are some very light people,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืžืื“
10:21
some extremely heavy people,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื“
10:23
maybe people with a lot of bulk up top.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
10:26
They begin to fall off the end of your chart.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืš
10:29
But the compromise, I felt,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ,
10:31
was in my favor
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื™
10:33
because most people don't adjust their chairs.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
10:36
They will sit in them forever.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืฆื—
10:38
I had somebody on the bus out to the racetrack
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื
10:41
tell me about his sister calling him.
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ืฉืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืื—ื•ืชื• ืฆืœืฆืœื” ืขืœื™ื•.
10:43
He said she had one of the new, better chairs.
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ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:46
She said, "Oh I love it."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•"
10:48
She said, "But it's too high."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื“ื™"
10:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:53
So he said, "Well I'll come over and look at it."
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"ืื•ืœื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื ื” ื•ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•"
10:56
He came over and looked at it.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•.
10:58
He reached down. He pulled a lever. And the chair sank down.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื›ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืฉืš ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืงืข ืœืžื˜ื”.
11:02
She said, "Oh it's wonderful. How did you do that?"
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื–ื” ื ืคืœื. ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”?"
11:04
And he showed her the lever.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช.
11:06
Well, that's typical
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช
11:08
of a lot of us working in chairs.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•ืช.
11:10
And why should you
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš
11:12
get a 20-page manual
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ 20 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื
11:14
about how to run a chair?
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืกื
11:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:18
I had one for a wristwatch once. 20 pages.
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ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืคืขื ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื™ื“, 20 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื
11:22
Anyway, I felt that it was important
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
11:24
that you didn't have to make an adjustment
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ืฉืœื ืชืืœืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช
11:27
in order to get this kind of action.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
11:30
The other thing I felt was that armrests
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
11:32
had never really been properly approached
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืื•ื™.
11:37
from the standpoint of how much
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื”
11:40
of an aid they could be
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ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช
11:42
to your work life.
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ืœืชื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš.
11:44
But I felt it was too much to ask
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ
11:47
to have to adjust each individual armrest
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ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืขื ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“
11:49
in order to get it where you wanted.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”
11:52
So I spent a long time.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
11:54
I said I worked eight or nine years on it.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” 8-9 ืฉื ื™ื.
11:57
And each of these things went along
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืชืงื“ื
11:59
sort of in parallel
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ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื—ืจื™ื
12:01
but incrementally were a problem of their own.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•
12:04
I worked a long time on figuring out
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
12:06
how to move the arms over a much greater arc --
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:11
that is up and down --
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ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”
12:13
and make them a lot easier,
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:16
so that you didn't have to use a button.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ.
12:19
And so after many trials, many failures,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช
12:21
we came up with a very simple arrangement
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“
12:24
in which we could just move
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ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ื–
12:26
one arm or the other.
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ื™ื“ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
12:28
And they go up easily.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
12:30
And stop where you want.
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ื•ื ืขืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”
12:33
You can put them down, essentially out of the way.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืื•ืชืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ
12:36
No arms at all.
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ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
12:38
Or you can pull them up where you want them.
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ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”.
12:41
And this was another thing that I felt,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™
12:43
while not nearly as romantic
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™
12:46
as Cary Grant,
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ื›ืžื• ืงืืจื™ ื’ืจื ื˜
12:48
nevertheless begins to
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
12:51
grab a little bit of aesthetic
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงืฆืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช
12:54
operation, aesthetic performance
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ืชื™ืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ืช,
12:57
into a product.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.
12:59
The next area that was of interest to me
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ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื•
13:02
was the fact that reclining
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช
13:05
was a very important factor.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
13:07
And the more you can recline,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ื ืฉืขืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:09
in a way, the better it is.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:12
The more the angle between here and here opens up --
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืคื” ืœืคื” ื ืคืชื—ืช
13:15
and nowadays, with a screen in front of you,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืš ืœืคื ื™ืš,
13:18
you don't want to have your eye drop too far in the recline,
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ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžื”ืžืกืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืกื ื ืฉืขืŸ ืœืื—ื•ืจ
13:21
so we keep it at more or less the same level --
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจืžื”
13:25
but you transfer weight
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืš ื–ื–
13:28
off your tailbones.
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ืžืขืฆื ื”ื–ื ื‘ ืฉืœืš
13:30
Would everybody put their hand under their bottom
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœื™ืฉื‘ืŸ
13:33
and feel their tailbone?
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ื•ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ื–ื ื‘.
13:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:37
You feel that bone under there?
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ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื?
13:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:40
Just your own.
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ืจืง ืืช ืฉืœื›ื
13:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:48
There's two of them, one on either side.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ื ืžื”ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื“.
13:53
All the weight of your upper torso --
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืžืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
13:55
your arms, your head --
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ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื,
13:57
goes right down through your back,
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘.
14:00
your spine, into those bones when you sit.
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ื“ืจืš ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”, ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
14:04
And that's a lot of load.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื‘ื“
14:06
Just relieving your arms with armrests
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ืจืง ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืขื ื•ืช
14:08
takes 20 percent of that load off.
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ืžื•ืจื™ื“ 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื–ื”.
14:11
Now that, if your spine is not held in a good position,
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ืื ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—
14:16
will help bend your spine the wrong way, and so on.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
14:21
So to unload
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืชืŸ
14:23
that great weight --
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœื™ื•.
14:27
if that indeed exists --
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ื
14:29
you can recline.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ.
14:32
When you recline you take away a lot of that load
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ื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื–ื”
14:35
off your bottom end, and transfer it to your back.
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ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื™ืฉื‘ืŸ ืœื’ื‘.
14:38
At the same time, as I say, you open up this joint.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืžืงื•ื“ื, ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžืคืจืง,
14:41
And breathability is good.
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:44
But to do that, if you have any
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
14:48
amount of recline,
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ืื ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื ื•ืช
14:52
it gets to the point where you need a headrest
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืขื ืช ืจืืฉ
14:55
because nearly always,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“
14:59
automatically hold your head
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ
15:01
in a vertical position, see?
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื›ื™ืช, ืจื•ืื™ื?
15:03
As I recline, my head says more or less vertical.
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืขืŸ ื”ืจืืฉ ื ืฉืืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื ืš.
15:08
Well if you're reclined a great deal,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ื ืฉืขืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ
15:10
you have to use muscle force
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ืืชื” ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื
15:12
to hold your head there.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
15:14
So that's where a headrest comes in.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
15:16
Now headrest is a challenge
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ืžืฉืขื ืช ื”ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ
15:18
because you want it to adjust
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
15:21
enough so that it'll fit,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืชืื™ื
15:25
you know, a tall guy and a short girl.
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื ืขืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
15:28
So here we are.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•.
15:30
I've got five inches of adjustment here
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 13 ืกืž
15:34
in order to get the headrest in the right place.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื.
15:37
But then I knew from experience
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ
15:39
and looking around in offices
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื
15:42
where there were chairs with headrests
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืกืื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืขื ื•ืช,
15:45
that nobody would ever bother
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื— ืืคื™ืœื•
15:47
to reach back and turn a knob
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื™ื“ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืช
15:50
and adjust the headrest to put it in position.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื.
15:52
And you need it in a different position
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ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”
15:54
when you're upright, then when you're reclined.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื•ืฃ,ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ืฉืขืŸ.
15:56
So I knew that had to be solved, and had to be automatic.
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ืื– ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
16:00
So if you watch this chair
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกื ื”ื–ื”
16:02
as I recline, the headrest comes up
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืขืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”
16:05
to meet my neck.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™
16:07
Ideally you want to put the head support
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืจืืฉ
16:11
in the cranial area, right there.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ.
16:15
So that part of it took a long time
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
16:20
to work out.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
16:22
And there is a variety of other things: the shape of the cushions,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•: ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื•ืช.
16:25
the gel we put.
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ื”ื’ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื,
16:28
We stole the idea from bicycle seats,
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ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
16:31
and put gel in the cushions
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ื•ืฉืžื ื• ื’'ืœ ื‘ื›ืจื™ื•ืช
16:33
and in the armrests
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื
16:35
to absorb point load --
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืขื•ืžืกื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื--
16:39
distributes the loading so you don't get hard spots.
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ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
16:42
You cant hit your elbow
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืคื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืง
16:44
on bottom.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.
16:46
And I did want to demonstrate
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื
16:49
the fact that the chair can accommodate people.
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื›ืกื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
16:54
While you're sitting in it you can adjust it
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื•
16:56
down for the five-footer,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150 ืกืž
16:59
or you can adjust it
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื•
17:02
for the six-foot-six guy --
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 180 ืกืž
17:07
all within the scope of a few simple adjustments.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื
17:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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