A global food crisis may be less than a decade away | Sara Menker

273,300 views ใƒป 2017-10-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Since 2009, the world has been stuck
0
12580
3896
ืžืื– 2009, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“
00:16
on a single narrative around a coming global food crisis
1
16500
5136
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื
00:21
and what we need to do to avoid it.
2
21660
2440
ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื•:
00:24
How do we feed nine billion people by 2050?
3
24860
4360
ืื™ืš ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืขื“ 2050?
00:30
Every conference, podcast and dialogue around global food security
4
30260
4616
ื›ืœ ื›ื ืก, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
00:34
starts with this question
5
34900
1696
ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช
00:36
and goes on to answer it
6
36620
1736
ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”
00:38
by saying we need to produce 70 percent more food.
7
38380
4440
ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ 70% ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
00:44
The 2050 narrative started to evolve
8
44980
2816
ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ 2050 ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—
00:47
shortly after global food prices hit all-time highs in 2008.
9
47820
4880
ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืจื• ืœืฉื™ืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘-2008.
00:53
People were suffering and struggling,
10
53260
2776
ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ื•ื ืื‘ืงื•,
00:56
governments and world leaders
11
56060
1536
ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:57
needed to show us that they were paying attention
12
57620
2616
ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื
01:00
and were working to solve it.
13
60260
1600
ื•ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:03
The thing is, 2050 is so far into the future
14
63580
3776
ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉ-2050 ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
01:07
that we can't even relate to it,
15
67380
2000
ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”,
01:10
and more importantly,
16
70100
1736
ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:11
if we keep doing what we're doing,
17
71860
2256
ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
01:14
it's going to hit us a lot sooner than that.
18
74140
2360
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืชื›ื” ื‘ื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:17
I believe we need to ask a different question.
19
77900
3280
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”.
01:22
The answer to that question
20
82100
2336
ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื•ื ื”.
01:24
needs to be framed differently.
21
84460
2560
01:28
If we can reframe the old narrative
22
88940
2736
ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:31
and replace it with new numbers
23
91700
2456
ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:34
that tell us a more complete pictures,
24
94180
2080
01:37
numbers that everyone can understand
25
97540
3176
ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:40
and relate to,
26
100740
1200
ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื,
01:43
we can avoid the crisis altogether.
27
103140
2680
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
01:48
I was a commodities trader in my past life
28
108380
2856
ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืกื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
01:51
and one of the things that I learned trading
29
111260
2176
ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ืฉืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื›ืš
01:53
is that every market has a tipping point,
30
113460
2880
ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืง ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”,
01:57
the point at which change occurs so rapidly
31
117180
3576
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ืืช,
02:00
that it impacts the world
32
120780
1856
ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:02
and things change forever.
33
122660
1960
ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœื ืฆื—.
02:05
Think of the last financial crisis,
34
125900
2600
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
02:09
or the dot-com crash.
35
129620
1680
ืื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”"ื“ื•ื˜.ืงื•ื".
02:12
So here's my concern.
36
132740
2320
ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™:
02:16
We could have a tipping point
37
136580
2056
ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”
02:18
in global food and agriculture
38
138660
2136
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื
02:20
if surging demand
39
140820
1895
ืื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
02:22
surpasses the agricultural system's structural capacity to produce food.
40
142739
6401
ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
02:30
This means at this point supply can no longer keep up with demand
41
150060
4736
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
02:34
despite exploding prices,
42
154820
2256
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื,
02:37
unless we can commit to some type of structural change.
43
157100
4080
ืืœื ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™.
02:42
This time around,
44
162380
1776
ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื–ืืช,
02:44
it won't be about stock markets and money.
45
164180
2576
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืกืฃ
02:46
It's about people.
46
166780
1376
ืืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:48
People could starve and governments may fall.
47
168180
3400
ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืขื•ื‘ ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
02:53
This question of at what point does supply struggle
48
173020
4536
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช,
ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื ืื‘ืง ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ืื”,
02:57
to keep up with surging demand
49
177580
1656
02:59
is one that started off as an interest for me while I was trading
50
179260
3656
ื”ื—ืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื›ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื›ืฉืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ
03:02
and became an absolute obsession.
51
182940
2776
ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
03:05
It went from interest to obsession
52
185740
2936
ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืžื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื”
03:08
when I realized through my research how broken the system was
53
188700
3656
ื›ืฉื—ืงืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืงื•ืœืงืช
03:12
and how very little data was being used to make such critical decisions.
54
192380
4320
ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
03:17
That's the point I decided to walk away from a career on Wall Street
55
197460
4256
ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜,
03:21
and start an entrepreneurial journey
56
201740
2496
ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช
03:24
to start Gro Intelligence.
57
204260
1960
ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช "ื’ืจื• ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’'ื ืก".
03:26
At Gro, we focus on bringing this data
58
206700
3496
ื‘"ื’ืจื•" ืื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœืžืขืฉื™ื™ื,
03:30
and doing the work to make it actionable,
59
210220
2256
03:32
to empower decision-makers at every level.
60
212500
3000
ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช.
03:36
But doing this work,
61
216700
1616
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:38
we also realized that the world,
62
218340
2256
ื”ื‘ื ื• ื’ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื,
03:40
not just world leaders,
63
220620
1656
ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
03:42
but businesses and citizens like every single person in this room,
64
222300
4256
ืืœื ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™-ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”,
03:46
lacked an actionable guide
65
226580
2080
ื—ืกืจ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืขืฉื™
03:49
on how we can avoid a coming global food security crisis.
66
229580
4616
ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™.
03:54
And so we built a model,
67
234220
2016
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ
03:56
leveraging the petabytes of data we sit on,
68
236260
2896
ืฉืžืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจืจื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
03:59
and we solved for the tipping point.
69
239180
2400
ื•ืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื”.
04:02
Now, no one knows we've been working on this problem
70
242380
3616
ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
04:06
and this is the first time that I'm sharing what we discovered.
71
246020
3600
ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•.
04:12
We discovered that the tipping point is actually a decade from now.
72
252020
4640
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•ืจ ืื—ื“.
04:18
We discovered that the world
73
258100
2336
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืกื•ืจ
04:20
will be short 214 trillion calories
74
260460
4360
ืฉืœ 214 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
04:26
by 2027.
75
266780
1439
ืขื“ 2027.
04:29
The world is not in a position to fill this gap.
76
269260
3800
ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืคืขืจ ื–ื”.
04:34
Now, you'll notice
77
274220
1600
ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘
04:36
that the way I'm framing this is different from how I started,
78
276780
4296
ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื—ืช ื–ืืช ืื—ืจืช ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
04:41
and that's intentional, because until now
79
281100
2136
ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื›ื”
04:43
this problem has been quantified using mass:
80
283260
3216
ื”ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืกื•ืช:
04:46
think kilograms, tons, hectograms,
81
286500
2816
ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืจืžื™ื,
04:49
whatever your unit of choice is in mass.
82
289340
2080
ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืช.
04:52
Why do we talk about food in terms of weight?
83
292100
2600
ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ?
04:55
Because it's easy.
84
295180
1416
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืงืœ.
04:56
We can look at a photograph and determine tonnage on a ship
85
296620
3496
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืขืžืก ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื”
05:00
by using a simple pocket calculator.
86
300140
2256
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:02
We can weigh trucks, airplanes and oxcarts.
87
302420
2760
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช, ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืขื’ืœื•ืช ืจืชื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื.
05:05
But what we care about in food is nutritional value.
88
305700
4040
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™.
05:10
Not all foods are created equal,
89
310860
3136
ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ื,
05:14
even if they weigh the same.
90
314020
1760
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืฉืงืœื ื–ื”ื”.
05:16
This I learned firsthand
91
316740
2456
ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืžืฆืขื™
05:19
when I moved from Ethiopia to the US for university.
92
319220
3000
ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
05:23
Upon my return back home,
93
323020
2136
05:25
my father, who was so excited to see me,
94
325180
3216
ืื‘ื™, ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืžืื“ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื™,
05:28
greeted me by asking why I was fat.
95
328420
3600
ื‘ื™ืจืš ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืฉืžื ื”.
05:32
Now, turns out that eating
96
332780
5776
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื”
05:38
approximately the same amount of food as I did in Ethiopia, but in America,
97
338580
4856
ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
05:43
had actually lent a certain fullness to my figure.
98
343460
3240
ื’ืจืžื” ืœื’ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
05:48
This is why we should care about calories,
99
348580
4096
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
05:52
not about mass.
100
352700
1656
ื•ืœื ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
05:54
It is calories which sustain us.
101
354380
2760
ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
05:58
So 214 trillion calories is a very large number,
102
358700
5816
ืื– 214 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“,
06:04
and not even the most dedicated of us
103
364540
3136
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•
06:07
think in the hundreds of trillions of calories.
104
367700
2936
ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:10
So let me break this down differently.
105
370660
2120
ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืืฆื™ื’ ื–ืืช ืื—ืจืช,
06:13
An alternative way to think about this
106
373700
3336
ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
06:17
is to think about it in Big Macs.
107
377060
2856
ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื.
06:19
214 trillion calories.
108
379940
2616
214 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:22
A single Big Mac has 563 calories.
109
382580
3216
ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ "ื‘ื™ื’ ืžืง" ืžื›ื™ืœ 563 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:25
That means the world will be short 379 billion Big Macs in 2027.
110
385820
6216
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื—ืกืจื• 379 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2027.
06:32
That is more Big Macs than McDonald's has ever produced.
111
392060
4000
ืืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉ"ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก" ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืื™-ืคืขื.
06:37
So how did we get to these numbers in the first place?
112
397780
4056
ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
06:41
They're not made up.
113
401860
1200
ืœื ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื.
06:44
This map shows you where the world was 40 years ago.
114
404220
4816
ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจืื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ 40 ืฉื ื”.
06:49
It shows you net calorie gaps in every country in the world.
115
409060
4016
ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืืช ืคืขืจื™ ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:53
Now, simply put,
116
413100
1456
ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช,
06:54
this is just calories consumed in that country
117
414580
3016
ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฆืจื›ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
06:57
minus calories produced in that same country.
118
417620
3056
ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
07:00
This is not a statement on malnutrition or anything else.
119
420700
2776
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืžื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
07:03
It's simply saying how many calories are consumed in a single year
120
423500
4016
ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜: ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”
07:07
minus how many are produced.
121
427540
1856
ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช.
07:09
Blue countries are net calorie exporters,
122
429420
3376
ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
07:12
or self-sufficient.
123
432820
1376
ืื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
07:14
They have some in storage for a rainy day.
124
434220
2040
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœืขืช ืฆืจื”.
07:16
Red countries are net calorie importers.
125
436900
2816
ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื”ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
07:19
The deeper, the brighter the red,
126
439740
1936
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื“ื•ื ืขื– ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื.
07:21
the more you're importing.
127
441700
1240
07:24
40 years ago, such few countries were net exporters of calories,
128
444020
4456
ืœืคื ื™ 40 ืฉื ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
07:28
I could count them with one hand.
129
448500
1572
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ื“ ืื—ืช.
07:31
Most of the African continent,
130
451180
2096
ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
07:33
Europe, most of Asia,
131
453300
2616
ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืขื™ืงืจ ืืกื™ื”,
07:35
South America excluding Argentina,
132
455940
2016
ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”,
07:37
were all net importers of calories.
133
457980
1720
ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
07:40
And what's surprising is that China used to actually be food self-sufficient.
134
460380
3620
ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืขื, ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
07:44
India was a big net importer of calories.
135
464500
2960
ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
07:48
40 years later, this is today.
136
468900
2360
ืื—ืจื™ 40 ืฉื ื”, ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:51
You can see the drastic transformation that's occurred in the world.
137
471780
3480
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:55
Brazil has emerged as an agricultural powerhouse.
138
475860
3496
ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืขืœืชื” ื›ืžืขืฆืžื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช.
07:59
Europe is dominant in global agriculture.
139
479380
3256
ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
08:02
India has actually flipped from red to blue.
140
482660
2976
ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืชื—ืœืฃ ืžืื“ื•ื ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ.
08:05
It's become food self-sufficient.
141
485660
2256
ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
08:07
And China went from that light blue
142
487940
2456
ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ
08:10
to the brightest red that you see on this map.
143
490420
2640
ืœืื“ื•ื ื”ืขื– ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืคื”.
08:14
How did we get here? What happened?
144
494100
2360
ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื›ืš? ืžื” ืงืจื”?
08:17
So this chart shows you India and Africa.
145
497780
2840
ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
08:21
Blue line is India, red line is Africa.
146
501260
2320
ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ื”ืื“ื•ื - ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
08:24
How is it that two regions that started off so similarly
147
504260
4136
ืื™ืš ืงืจื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘
08:28
in such similar trajectories
148
508420
2136
ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื
08:30
take such different paths?
149
510580
2136
ื•ืคื ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื?
08:32
India had a green revolution.
150
512740
2040
ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
08:35
Not a single African country had a green revolution.
151
515820
4096
ื‘ืฉื•ื ืืจืฅ ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
08:39
The net outcome?
152
519940
1216
ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื ื˜ื•?
08:41
India is food self-sufficient
153
521180
1696
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
08:42
and in the past decade has actually been exporting calories.
154
522900
3376
ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ - ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
08:46
The African continent now imports over 300 trillion calories a year.
155
526300
3960
ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื™ื™ื‘ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืขืœ 300 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”.
08:51
Then we add China, the green line.
156
531100
4296
ื›ืขืช ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง.
08:55
Remember the switch from the blue to the bright red?
157
535420
2680
ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœืื“ื•ื ืขื–?
08:58
What happened and when did it happen?
158
538940
3056
ืžื” ืงืจื”, ื•ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
09:02
China seemed to be on a very similar path to India
159
542020
2856
ืกื™ืŸ ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-21,
09:04
until the start of the 21st century,
160
544900
2776
09:07
where it suddenly flipped.
161
547700
1680
ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืœืคืชืข ื”ืชื”ืคืš.
09:10
A young and growing population
162
550220
2016
ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”,
09:12
combined with significant economic growth
163
552260
3096
ืœืฆื“ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช
09:15
made its mark with a big bang
164
555380
2416
ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื—ื•ืชืžื ื‘ืžืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
09:17
and no one in the markets saw it coming.
165
557820
2480
ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืฆืคื” ื–ืืช, ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:21
This flip was everything to global agricultural markets.
166
561340
3736
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
09:25
Luckily now, South America
167
565100
2816
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื”
09:27
was starting to boom at the same time as China's rise,
168
567940
5216
ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ื“-ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ,
09:33
and so therefore, supply and demand were still somewhat balanced.
169
573180
4000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื ื•ืชืจื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื.
09:38
So the question becomes,
170
578140
1400
ืื– ื›ืขืช, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
09:40
where do we go from here?
171
580460
1600
ืื™ืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ?
09:43
Oddly enough,
172
583620
1536
ืžื•ื–ืจ,
09:45
it's not a new story,
173
585180
1200
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ,
09:47
except this time it's not just a story of China.
174
587620
3376
ืืœื ืฉื”ืคืขื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
09:51
It's a continuation of China,
175
591020
2376
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ,
09:53
an amplification of Africa
176
593420
2096
ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™
09:55
and a paradigm shift in India.
177
595540
1960
ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
09:58
By 2023,
178
598420
1520
ืขื“ 2023,
10:00
Africa's population is forecasted to overtake that of India's and China's.
179
600820
5056
ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืกื™ืŸ.
10:05
By 2023, these three regions combined
180
605900
2656
ืขื“ 2023, ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“
10:08
will make up over half the world's population.
181
608580
3160
ื™ื”ื•ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:13
This crossover point starts to present really interesting challenges
182
613220
4016
ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“
10:17
for global food security.
183
617260
1736
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:19
And a few years later, we're hit hard with that reality.
184
619020
3400
ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืชื›ื” ื‘ื ื• ื—ื–ืง.
10:23
What does the world look like in 10 years?
185
623940
3360
ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื?
10:28
So far, as I mentioned, India has been food self-sufficient.
186
628940
3896
ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™, ื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
10:32
Most forecasters predict that this will continue.
187
632860
3400
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ืžืฉืš ื›ืš.
ืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:37
We disagree.
188
637020
1200
10:38
India will soon become a net importer of calories.
189
638980
4136
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืชื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
10:43
This will be driven both by the fact
190
643140
2256
ื–ื” ื™ื™ื’ืจื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
10:45
that demand is growing from a population growth standpoint
191
645420
3496
10:48
plus economic growth.
192
648940
1256
ื•ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
10:50
It will be driven by both.
193
650220
1256
ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืš.
10:51
And even if you have optimistic assumptions
194
651500
2696
ื•ื’ื ืขื ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช,
10:54
around production growth,
195
654220
1896
10:56
it will make that slight flip.
196
656140
2120
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœ ื”ื–ื”.
10:58
That slight flip can have huge implications.
197
658780
3920
ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.
11:03
Next, Africa will continue to be a net importer of calories,
198
663620
4536
ื”ืœืื”: ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
11:08
again driven by population growth and economic growth.
199
668180
3000
ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
11:11
This is again assuming optimistic production growth assumptions.
200
671940
3896
ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช.
11:15
Then China,
201
675860
1416
ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
11:17
where population is flattening out,
202
677300
2576
ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘,
11:19
calorie consumption will explode
203
679900
1976
ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืฆื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
11:21
because the types of calories consumed
204
681900
3016
ื›ื™ ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื™-ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
11:24
are also starting to be higher-calorie-content foods.
205
684940
3520
11:29
And so therefore,
206
689420
1736
ื•ืœื›ืŸ,
11:31
these three regions combined
207
691180
1856
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“
11:33
start to present a really interesting challenge for the world.
208
693060
3296
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืชื’ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:36
Until now, countries with calorie deficits
209
696380
4096
ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
11:40
have been able to meet these deficits
210
700500
2576
ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ืขื•ื“ืฃ.
11:43
by importing from surplus regions.
211
703100
1840
11:45
By surplus regions, I'm talking about
212
705540
2816
ื‘"ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืขื•ื“ืฃ" ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช
11:48
North America, South America and Europe.
213
708380
3136
ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
11:51
This line chart over here shows you
214
711540
2416
ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื
11:53
the growth and the projected growth over the next decade of production
215
713980
4296
ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
11:58
from North America, South America and Europe.
216
718300
2296
ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
12:00
What it doesn't show you
217
720620
1416
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื
12:02
is that most of this growth is actually going to come from South America.
218
722060
3440
ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
12:06
And most of this growth
219
726460
1416
ื•ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
12:07
is going to come at the huge cost of deforestation.
220
727900
4400
12:14
And so when you look at the combined demand increase
221
734060
3776
ืื– ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
12:17
coming from India, China and the African continent,
222
737860
3320
ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืžืกื™ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
12:22
and look at it versus the combined increase in production
223
742020
2816
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช
12:24
coming from India, China, the African continent,
224
744860
2776
ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืžืกื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
12:27
North America, South America and Europe,
225
747660
2360
ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืžื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
12:31
you are left with a 214-trillion-calorie deficit,
226
751100
5416
ื ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 214 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
12:36
one we can't produce.
227
756540
1736
ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช.
12:38
And this, by the way, is actually assuming we take all the extra calories
228
758300
3936
ื•ื–ื”, ืื’ื‘, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช
12:42
produced in North America, South America and Europe
229
762260
2381
ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
12:45
and export them solely to India, China and Africa.
230
765700
4240
ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื”ื•ื“ื•, ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™.
12:51
What I just presented to you is a vision of an impossible world.
231
771020
3480
12:55
We can do something to change that.
232
775340
1840
ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ืืช.
12:58
We can change consumption patterns,
233
778220
2296
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:00
we can reduce food waste,
234
780540
2256
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
13:02
or we can make a bold commitment
235
782820
3216
ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืขื–ืช
13:06
to increasing yields exponentially.
236
786060
2320
ืœื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช.
13:09
Now, I'm not going to go into discussing
237
789540
2136
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
13:11
changing consumption patterns or reducing food waste,
238
791700
2496
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื• ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
13:14
because those conversations have been going on for some time now.
239
794220
3056
ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
13:17
Nothing has happened.
240
797300
1216
13:18
Nothing has happened because those arguments
241
798540
3456
ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื
13:22
ask the surplus regions to change their behavior
242
802020
2936
13:24
on behalf of deficit regions.
243
804980
2440
ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ.
13:28
Waiting for others to change their behavior
244
808700
2576
ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื
13:31
on your behalf, for your survival,
245
811300
2496
ืœืžืขื ืš, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชืš,
13:33
is a terrible idea.
246
813820
1496
ื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ื•ืื™ื•ื.
13:35
It's unproductive.
247
815340
1600
ื–ื” ืœื ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
13:37
So I'd like to suggest an alternative that comes from the red regions.
248
817380
4720
ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื;
13:43
China, India, Africa.
249
823780
2376
ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
13:46
China is constrained in terms of how much more land it actually has
250
826180
3296
ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
13:49
available for agriculture,
251
829500
1536
13:51
and it has massive water resource availability issues.
252
831060
3776
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
13:54
So the answer really lies in India and in Africa.
253
834860
3640
ืื– ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
13:59
India has some upside in terms of potential yield increases.
254
839660
4936
ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช.
14:04
Now this is the gap between its current yield
255
844620
2576
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื”
14:07
and the theoretical maximum yield it can achieve.
256
847220
3120
ื•ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
14:11
It has some unfarmed arable land remaining, but not much,
257
851540
3216
ื ื•ืชืจื” ืœื” ืงืฆืช ืื“ืžื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช, ืืš ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื”,
14:14
India is quite land-constrained.
258
854780
2280
ื”ื•ื“ื• ื“ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงืจืงืข.
14:18
Now, the African continent, on the other hand,
259
858060
2656
ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
14:20
has vast amounts of arable land remaining
260
860740
3296
ื ื•ืชืจื• ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“
14:24
and significant upside potential in yields.
261
864060
2680
ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
14:27
Somewhat simplified picture here,
262
867900
2096
ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆืช,
14:30
but if you look at sub-Saharan African yields in corn today,
263
870020
5016
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื™ืจืก ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืกื”ืจื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
14:35
they are where North American yields were in 1940.
264
875060
3480
ื–ื• ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-1940.
14:40
We don't have 70-plus years to figure this out,
265
880420
3736
ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• 70 ืฉื ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช,
14:44
so it means we need to try something new
266
884180
2536
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ
14:46
and we need to try something different.
267
886740
2160
ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจืช.
14:50
The solution starts with reforms.
268
890220
2160
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช.
14:53
We need to reform and commercialize
269
893700
3976
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
14:57
the agricultural industries in Africa
270
897700
2536
15:00
and in India.
271
900260
1200
ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
15:02
Now, by commercialization --
272
902140
2136
ื”ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ --
15:04
commercialization is not about commercial farming alone.
273
904300
3136
ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ื’ืข ืจืง ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืžื•ืกื—ืจืช.
15:07
Commercialization is about leveraging data
274
907460
2576
ื”ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
15:10
to craft better policies,
275
910060
2296
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
15:12
to improve infrastructure,
276
912380
1616
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
15:14
to lower the transportation costs
277
914020
1856
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ืข
15:15
and to completely reform banking and insurance industries.
278
915900
4256
ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—.
15:20
Commercialization is about taking agriculture
279
920180
3096
ื”ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
15:23
from too risky an endeavor to one where fortunes can be made.
280
923300
4096
ืžืžืืžืฅ ืขืชื™ืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืŸ.
15:27
Commercialization is not about just farmers.
281
927420
3256
ื”ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื.
15:30
Commercialization is about the entire agricultural system.
282
930700
4280
ื”ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.
15:36
But commercialization also means confronting the fact
283
936660
4056
ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืกื—ื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
15:40
that we can no longer place the burden of growth
284
940740
3416
ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
15:44
on small-scale farmers alone,
285
944180
2120
ืขืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
15:48
and accepting that commercial farms and the introduction of commercial farms
286
948420
5256
ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ื ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
15:53
could provide certain economies of scale
287
953700
2696
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืจื—ื‘ืช-ื”ื™ืงืฃ
15:56
that even small-scale farmers can leverage.
288
956420
2240
ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื ืฃ.
15:59
It is not about small-scale farming or commercial agriculture,
289
959860
3976
ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช,
16:03
or big agriculture.
290
963860
1856
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
16:05
We can create the first successful models of the coexistence and success
291
965740
5256
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
16:11
of small-scale farming alongside commercial agriculture.
292
971020
3776
ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช.
16:14
This is because, for the first time ever,
293
974820
3016
ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื™-ืคืขื,
16:17
the most critical tool for success in the industry --
294
977860
3736
ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืžื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” -
16:21
data and knowledge --
295
981620
1496
ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข -
16:23
is becoming cheaper by the day.
296
983140
2240
ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื.
16:26
And very soon, it won't matter how much money you have
297
986540
3416
ื•ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื
16:29
or how big you are
298
989980
1456
ืื• ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืชื
16:31
to make optimal decisions and maximize probability of success
299
991460
4296
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”
16:35
in reaching your intended goal.
300
995780
2480
ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจืชื›ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”.
16:39
Companies like Gro are working really hard to make this a reality.
301
999140
3600
ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ื’ืจื•" ืขืžืœื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื–ืืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
16:43
So if we can commit to this new, bold initiative,
302
1003420
4576
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ื•ืขื–ืช ื–ื•,
16:48
to this new, bold change,
303
1008020
2016
ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ื•ืขื– ื–ื”,
16:50
not only can we solve the 214-trillion gap that I talked about,
304
1010060
5416
ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืคืขืจ 214 ื”ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™,
16:55
but we can actually set the world on a whole new path.
305
1015500
2600
ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
16:58
India can remain food self-sufficient
306
1018780
4096
ื”ื•ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
17:02
and Africa can emerge as the world's next dark blue region.
307
1022900
4760
ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ-ื›ื”ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
17:09
The new question is,
308
1029060
2216
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื,
17:11
how do we produce 214 trillion calories
309
1031300
4136
ืื™ืš ื ืคื™ืง 214 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
17:15
to feed 8.3 billion people by 2027?
310
1035460
4160
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ 8.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืขื“ 2027?
17:20
We have the solution.
311
1040580
1480
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
17:22
We just need to act on it.
312
1042780
1800
ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื›ืš.
17:25
Thank you.
313
1045340
1216
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:26
(Applause)
314
1046580
3359
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7