A global food crisis may be less than a decade away | Sara Menker

271,072 views ใƒป 2017-10-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Shin Jong Hyeon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Since 2009, the world has been stuck
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2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ
00:16
on a single narrative around a coming global food crisis
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€
00:21
and what we need to do to avoid it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
How do we feed nine billion people by 2050?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 90์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:30
Every conference, podcast and dialogue around global food security
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
00:34
starts with this question
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:36
and goes on to answer it
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
00:38
by saying we need to produce 70 percent more food.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ 70% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋” ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:44
The 2050 narrative started to evolve
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2050๋…„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 2008๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
00:47
shortly after global food prices hit all-time highs in 2008.
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์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ•œ ์งํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
People were suffering and struggling,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ฒ„๋‘ฅ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:56
governments and world leaders
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€
00:57
needed to show us that they were paying attention
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์Ÿ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:00
and were working to solve it.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:03
The thing is, 2050 is so far into the future
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 2050๋…„์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ผ์„œ
01:07
that we can't even relate to it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
01:10
and more importantly,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
01:11
if we keep doing what we're doing,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์† ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:14
it's going to hit us a lot sooner than that.
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์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I believe we need to ask a different question.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The answer to that question
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:24
needs to be framed differently.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
If we can reframe the old narrative
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
01:31
and replace it with new numbers
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:34
that tell us a more complete pictures,
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๋” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
numbers that everyone can understand
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:40
and relate to,
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๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”,
01:43
we can avoid the crisis altogether.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
I was a commodities trader in my past life
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ชจ๋””ํ‹ฐ ์ƒ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
and one of the things that I learned trading
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๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:53
is that every market has a tipping point,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
the point at which change occurs so rapidly
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:00
that it impacts the world
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๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
02:02
and things change forever.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:05
Think of the last financial crisis,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋‚˜
02:09
or the dot-com crash.
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๋‹ท์ปด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So here's my concern.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
We could have a tipping point
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๋†์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„
02:18
in global food and agriculture
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:20
if surging demand
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์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋†์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:22
surpasses the agricultural system's structural capacity to produce food.
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์–‘์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ง€์š”.
02:30
This means at this point supply can no longer keep up with demand
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์น˜์†Ÿ๋”๋ผ๋„
02:34
despite exploding prices,
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๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
unless we can commit to some type of structural change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
02:42
This time around,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
02:44
it won't be about stock markets and money.
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์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
It's about people.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ์ง€์š”.
02:48
People could starve and governments may fall.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
This question of at what point does supply struggle
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์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜์•ผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:57
to keep up with surging demand
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์›Œ ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
02:59
is one that started off as an interest for me while I was trading
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
03:02
and became an absolute obsession.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ง‘์ฐฉ, ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:05
It went from interest to obsession
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€
03:08
when I realized through my research how broken the system was
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
03:12
and how very little data was being used to make such critical decisions.
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด ์ง‘์ฐฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
That's the point I decided to walk away from a career on Wall Street
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์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:21
and start an entrepreneurial journey
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:24
to start Gro Intelligence.
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Gro Intelligence๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
At Gro, we focus on bringing this data
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Gro์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ 
03:30
and doing the work to make it actionable,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
03:32
to empower decision-makers at every level.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž๋“ค์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
But doing this work,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
03:38
we also realized that the world,
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:40
not just world leaders,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:42
but businesses and citizens like every single person in this room,
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์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
03:46
lacked an actionable guide
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:49
on how we can avoid a coming global food security crisis.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And so we built a model,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽ˜ํƒ€๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด
03:56
leveraging the petabytes of data we sit on,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
03:59
and we solved for the tipping point.
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Now, no one knows we've been working on this problem
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
and this is the first time that I'm sharing what we discovered.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
We discovered that the tipping point is actually a decade from now.
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š” 10๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
We discovered that the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 2027๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
04:20
will be short 214 trillion calories
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214๋งŒ์–ต ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
04:26
by 2027.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
The world is not in a position to fill this gap.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now, you'll notice
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋ถ€์™€๋Š”
04:36
that the way I'm framing this is different from how I started,
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ„์…จ์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
04:41
and that's intentional, because until now
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:43
this problem has been quantified using mass:
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
think kilograms, tons, hectograms,
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ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ค, ํ—ฅํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋“ฑ
04:49
whatever your unit of choice is in mass.
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๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
04:52
Why do we talk about food in terms of weight?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:55
Because it's easy.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
We can look at a photograph and determine tonnage on a ship
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋„ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์†์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ
05:00
by using a simple pocket calculator.
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๋ฐฐ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
We can weigh trucks, airplanes and oxcarts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ, ์šฐ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
But what we care about in food is nutritional value.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Not all foods are created equal,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
05:14
even if they weigh the same.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
This I learned firsthand
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ์˜จ ํ›„
05:19
when I moved from Ethiopia to the US for university.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
Upon my return back home,
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ,
05:25
my father, who was so excited to see me,
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๋”ธ์ธ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณด์ž๋งˆ์ž
05:28
greeted me by asking why I was fat.
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์ ˆ ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์ด ์ช˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์ง€์š”.
05:32
Now, turns out that eating
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์™€์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:38
approximately the same amount of food as I did in Ethiopia, but in America,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋จน๋˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋จน๋˜ ์–‘์ด ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:43
had actually lent a certain fullness to my figure.
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์ œ ์ฒด๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
This is why we should care about calories,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
05:52
not about mass.
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์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
It is calories which sustain us.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So 214 trillion calories is a very large number,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 214๋งŒ์–ต ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:04
and not even the most dedicated of us
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์ด ์ผ์— ์ œ์ผ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์ €ํฌ๋“ค๋„,
06:07
think in the hundreds of trillions of calories.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์กฐ์˜ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
So let me break this down differently.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
An alternative way to think about this
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:17
is to think about it in Big Macs.
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๋น…๋งฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:19
214 trillion calories.
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214๋งŒ์–ต ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ.
06:22
A single Big Mac has 563 calories.
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๋น…๋งฅ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 563 ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
That means the world will be short 379 billion Big Macs in 2027.
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2027๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด 3790์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น…๋งฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
That is more Big Macs than McDonald's has ever produced.
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๋งฅ๋„๋„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ๋น…๋งฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด์ง€์š”.
06:37
So how did we get to these numbers in the first place?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:41
They're not made up.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
This map shows you where the world was 40 years ago.
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” 40๋…„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
It shows you net calorie gaps in every country in the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐญ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Now, simply put,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
06:54
this is just calories consumed in that country
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
06:57
minus calories produced in that same country.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:00
This is not a statement on malnutrition or anything else.
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์˜์–‘์‹ค์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It's simply saying how many calories are consumed in a single year
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋น„๋œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
07:07
minus how many are produced.
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1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Blue countries are net calorie exporters,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์ด์ž
07:12
or self-sufficient.
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์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
They have some in storage for a rainy day.
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์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์— ๋น„์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:16
Red countries are net calorie importers.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
The deeper, the brighter the red,
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์ด ์ง„ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
07:21
the more you're importing.
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์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
40 years ago, such few countries were net exporters of calories,
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40๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
I could count them with one hand.
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ํ•œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์ง€์š”.
07:31
Most of the African continent,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ
07:33
Europe, most of Asia,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค,
07:35
South America excluding Argentina,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ
07:37
were all net importers of calories.
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๋‚จ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ์ด์˜€์ง€์š”.
07:40
And what's surprising is that China used to actually be food self-sufficient.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ž๊ธ‰ ์ž์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
India was a big net importer of calories.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ์ด์˜€๊ณ ์š”.
07:48
40 years later, this is today.
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40๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
You can see the drastic transformation that's occurred in the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Brazil has emerged as an agricultural powerhouse.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€ ๋†์—… ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Europe is dominant in global agriculture.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†์—…์— ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜์ง€์š”.
08:02
India has actually flipped from red to blue.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
It's become food self-sufficient.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:07
And China went from that light blue
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฐ์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์—์„œ
08:10
to the brightest red that you see on this map.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„ํ•œ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
How did we get here? What happened?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
08:17
So this chart shows you India and Africa.
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:21
Blue line is India, red line is Africa.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์„ ์€ ์ธ๋„์ด๊ณ  ๋นจ๊ฐ• ์„ ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
How is it that two regions that started off so similarly
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜
08:28
in such similar trajectories
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
08:30
take such different paths?
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์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:32
India had a green revolution.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Not a single African country had a green revolution.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋…น์ƒ‰ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:39
The net outcome?
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์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
08:41
India is food self-sufficient
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
08:42
and in the past decade has actually been exporting calories.
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10๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
The African continent now imports over 300 trillion calories a year.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ 1๋…„์— 300์กฐ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Then we add China, the green line.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ดˆ๋ก ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Remember the switch from the blue to the bright red?
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ํŒŒ๋ž‘์—์„œ ์ง„ํ•œ ๋นจ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:58
What happened and when did it happen?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:02
China seemed to be on a very similar path to India
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์ฏค์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ธ๋„์™€
09:04
until the start of the 21st century,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
where it suddenly flipped.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:10
A young and growing population
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์ Š์€ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:12
combined with significant economic growth
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค
09:15
made its mark with a big bang
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์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋น…๋ฑ…๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
and no one in the markets saw it coming.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:21
This flip was everything to global agricultural markets.
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๋†์—… ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Luckily now, South America
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๋‹คํ–‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์—ญ์‹œ
09:27
was starting to boom at the same time as China's rise,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
09:33
and so therefore, supply and demand were still somewhat balanced.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
So the question becomes,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
09:40
where do we go from here?
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์ด์ œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Oddly enough,
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
09:45
it's not a new story,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
except this time it's not just a story of China.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ค‘๊ตญ๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
It's a continuation of China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ด ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:53
an amplification of Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
09:55
and a paradigm shift in India.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
By 2023,
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2023๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์—
10:00
Africa's population is forecasted to overtake that of India's and China's.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•ž์ง€๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
By 2023, these three regions combined
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2023๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์—”, ์ด ์„ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
10:08
will make up over half the world's population.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
10:13
This crossover point starts to present really interesting challenges
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์ด ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์˜ค๋ฒ„ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:17
for global food security.
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And a few years later, we're hit hard with that reality.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
What does the world look like in 10 years?
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10๋…„ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:28
So far, as I mentioned, India has been food self-sufficient.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
10:32
Most forecasters predict that this will continue.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
We disagree.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
India will soon become a net importer of calories.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ๊ณง ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
This will be driven both by the fact
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:45
that demand is growing from a population growth standpoint
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:48
plus economic growth.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
It will be driven by both.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:51
And even if you have optimistic assumptions
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
10:54
around production growth,
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๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
10:56
it will make that slight flip.
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์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:58
That slight flip can have huge implications.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:03
Next, Africa will continue to be a net importer of calories,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ„์† ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:08
again driven by population growth and economic growth.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
This is again assuming optimistic production growth assumptions.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Then China,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”,
11:17
where population is flattening out,
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋„ ์ฃผ์ถคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:19
calorie consumption will explode
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
because the types of calories consumed
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹์€
11:24
are also starting to be higher-calorie-content foods.
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๊ณ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:29
And so therefore,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
11:31
these three regions combined
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์ด ์„ธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
11:33
start to present a really interesting challenge for the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ ธ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
Until now, countries with calorie deficits
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
11:40
have been able to meet these deficits
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์–‘์„
11:43
by importing from surplus regions.
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์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ ์ž‰์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฉ”๊ฟจ์ง€์š”.
11:45
By surplus regions, I'm talking about
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€
11:48
North America, South America and Europe.
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
This line chart over here shows you
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์ด ์ฐจํŠธ๋Š”
11:53
the growth and the projected growth over the next decade of production
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถ๋ฏธ, ๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š”
11:58
from North America, South America and Europe.
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์–‘์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
What it doesn't show you
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:02
is that most of this growth is actually going to come from South America.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋‚จ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
And most of this growth
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
12:07
is going to come at the huge cost of deforestation.
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์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
And so when you look at the combined demand increase
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
12:17
coming from India, China and the African continent,
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์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ 
12:22
and look at it versus the combined increase in production
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ
12:24
coming from India, China, the African continent,
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์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™
12:27
North America, South America and Europe,
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๋ถ๋ฏธ, ๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
12:31
you are left with a 214-trillion-calorie deficit,
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214์กฐ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
one we can't produce.
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€์š”.
12:38
And this, by the way, is actually assuming we take all the extra calories
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์ด๊ฑด, ๋ถ๋ฏธ, ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ
12:42
produced in North America, South America and Europe
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค
12:45
and export them solely to India, China and Africa.
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
What I just presented to you is a vision of an impossible world.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„์ ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
We can do something to change that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
We can change consumption patterns,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
13:00
we can reduce food waste,
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์Œ์‹ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:02
or we can make a bold commitment
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ํ—Œ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
13:06
to increasing yields exponentially.
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Now, I'm not going to go into discussing
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์ „ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์Œ์‹ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด์ž๊ณ 
13:11
changing consumption patterns or reducing food waste,
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๋…ผ์˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
because those conversations have been going on for some time now.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ด๋ก ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:17
Nothing has happened.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Nothing has happened because those arguments
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค์ด
13:22
ask the surplus regions to change their behavior
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
13:24
on behalf of deficit regions.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ณณ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Waiting for others to change their behavior
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ผ์ž„์—๋„
13:31
on your behalf, for your survival,
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด
13:33
is a terrible idea.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
It's unproductive.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
13:37
So I'd like to suggest an alternative that comes from the red regions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
China, India, Africa.
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
China is constrained in terms of how much more land it actually has
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋†์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:49
available for agriculture,
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์ œํ•œ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:51
and it has massive water resource availability issues.
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์ˆ˜์ž์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
So the answer really lies in India and in Africa.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๋„์™€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
India has some upside in terms of potential yield increases.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋น„๊ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Now this is the gap between its current yield
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ
14:07
and the theoretical maximum yield it can achieve.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
It has some unfarmed arable land remaining, but not much,
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๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋•…์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
India is quite land-constrained.
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์ธ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ† ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:18
Now, the African continent, on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์€
14:20
has vast amounts of arable land remaining
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๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋•…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๊ณ 
14:24
and significant upside potential in yields.
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์‚ฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Somewhat simplified picture here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:30
but if you look at sub-Saharan African yields in corn today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:35
they are where North American yields were in 1940.
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1940๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
We don't have 70-plus years to figure this out,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 70๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
so it means we need to try something new
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:46
and we need to try something different.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
The solution starts with reforms.
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๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐœํ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
We need to reform and commercialize
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๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
14:57
the agricultural industries in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋†์—… ์‚ฐ์—…์„
15:00
and in India.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Now, by commercialization --
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:04
commercialization is not about commercial farming alone.
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ž€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ๋†์‚ฌ๋งŒ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Commercialization is about leveraging data
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง• ํ•˜์—ฌ
15:10
to craft better policies,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:12
to improve infrastructure,
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์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
15:14
to lower the transportation costs
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์šด์†ก ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
15:15
and to completely reform banking and insurance industries.
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์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ณดํ—˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
Commercialization is about taking agriculture
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ž€ ๋†์—…์„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:23
from too risky an endeavor to one where fortunes can be made.
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ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Commercialization is not about just farmers.
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ž€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋†์—…์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
Commercialization is about the entire agricultural system.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋†์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
15:36
But commercialization also means confronting the fact
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์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€์š”.
15:40
that we can no longer place the burden of growth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ง์„
15:44
on small-scale farmers alone,
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๋œ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”,
15:48
and accepting that commercial farms and the introduction of commercial farms
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:53
could provide certain economies of scale
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
that even small-scale farmers can leverage.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋†์—…์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„์š”.
15:59
It is not about small-scale farming or commercial agriculture,
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์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ๋†์‚ฌ ํ˜น์€
16:03
or big agriculture.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
We can create the first successful models of the coexistence and success
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋†์—…์ด ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ๋†์—…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
16:11
of small-scale farming alongside commercial agriculture.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
This is because, for the first time ever,
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์ด ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ,
16:17
the most critical tool for success in the industry --
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์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ
16:21
data and knowledge --
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๋ฐ์ดํƒ€์™€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
16:23
is becoming cheaper by the day.
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์ ์  ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
And very soon, it won't matter how much money you have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ 
16:29
or how big you are
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
16:31
to make optimal decisions and maximize probability of success
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์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋กœ
16:35
in reaching your intended goal.
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๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
Companies like Gro are working really hard to make this a reality.
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Gro์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜„์‹คํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
So if we can commit to this new, bold initiative,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:48
to this new, bold change,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:50
not only can we solve the 214-trillion gap that I talked about,
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ 214๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:55
but we can actually set the world on a whole new path.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
India can remain food self-sufficient
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:02
and Africa can emerge as the world's next dark blue region.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋‘์šด ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
17:09
The new question is,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€,
17:11
how do we produce 214 trillion calories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ 2027๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 214์กฐ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
17:15
to feed 8.3 billion people by 2027?
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83์–ต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ 2027๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จน์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:20
We have the solution.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
We just need to act on it.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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