Why we choke under pressure -- and how to avoid it | Sian Leah Beilock

284,019 views ใƒป 2018-10-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: hila scherba
00:12
One of the most humiliating things
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืœื™ื
00:15
that you can say about someone is "they choked."
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื "ื ื—ื ืง".
00:19
And boy, do I know that feeling.
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ื•ื•ืื•, ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื”.
00:22
Growing up, I was an avid athlete.
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืชืœื˜ื™ืช ื ืœื”ื‘ืช.
00:25
My main sport was soccer, and I was a goalkeeper,
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ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืขืจืช,
00:28
which is both the best and the worst position on the field.
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ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ.
00:34
You see, when you're a goalie, you get this special uniform,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืฉืืช ืฉื•ืขืจืช ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื,
00:37
you get all the glory for a great shot saved,
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ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืกืžืช,
00:41
but you also get the grief when you land a shot in the goal.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืขืก ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืก.
00:47
When you're a goalie,
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ื›ืฉืืช ืฉื•ืขืจืช,
00:48
all eyes are on you,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš,
00:49
and with that comes the pressure.
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ื•ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื ื”ืœื—ืฅ.
00:53
I distinctly remember one game in high school.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:56
I was playing for the California state team
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ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
00:58
which is part of the Olympic Development Program.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”
01:01
I was having a great game ...
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ื ื”ื“ืจ...
01:04
until I realized that the national coach was standing right behind me.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืžืฉ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™,
01:11
That's when everything changed.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
01:14
In a matter of seconds,
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
01:16
I went from playing at the top to the bottom of my ability.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื™.
01:22
Just knowing that I was being evaluated changed my performance
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ืจืง ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื ื™ ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื›ืจื’ืข, ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื™.
01:27
and forever how I thought about the mental aspect of how we perform.
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ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืœื ืฆื— ื’ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:34
All of a sudden the ball seemed to go in slow motion,
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ืœืคืชืข ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™,
01:38
and I was fixated on my every move.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืชืงืช ืœื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™.
01:42
The next shot that came I bobbled,
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ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื”, ืื ื™ ืคื™ืกืคืกืชื™,
01:44
but thankfully it didn't land in the goal.
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ืœืžื–ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื—ืชื” ื‘ืฉืขืจ.
01:47
The shot after that,
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ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ื”,
01:48
I wasn't so lucky:
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ื–ื” ืžื–ืœ:
01:50
I tipped it right into the net.
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ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจ ืœืฉืขืจ.
01:54
My team lost;
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื”;
01:56
the national coach walked away.
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ืžืืžืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืคื ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
01:59
I choked under the pressure of those evaluative eyes on me.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืชืคืงื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื™.
02:05
Just about everyone does it from time to time --
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื --
02:08
there are so many opportunities,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
02:11
whether it's taking a test,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื‘ื—ืŸ,
02:13
giving a talk,
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ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ,
02:14
pitching to a client
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ืžืฆื’ืช ืžื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื—,
02:16
or that special form of torture I like to call the job interview.
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ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”".
02:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:23
But the question is why.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื”.
02:25
Why do we sometimes fail to perform up to our potential under pressure?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืชืคืงื“ ืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฅ?
02:29
It's especially bewildering in the case of athletes
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ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื.
02:33
who spend so much time physically honing their craft.
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ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:37
But what about their minds?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื?
02:40
Not as much.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
02:42
This is true off the playing field as well.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ.
02:45
Whether we're taking a test of giving a talk,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืจืฆืื”,
02:48
it's easy to feel like we're ready --
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ืงืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื--
02:50
at the top of our game --
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช--
02:52
and then perform at our worst when it matters most.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:56
It turns out that rarely do we practice
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืืžื ื™ื,
02:59
under the types of conditions we're actually going to perform under,
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ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื“,
03:03
and as a result,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
03:04
when all eyes are on us,
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ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•,
03:06
we sometimes flub our performance.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืคืฉืœื™ื.
03:10
Of course, the question is, why is this the case?
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
03:14
And my experience on the playing field --
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ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ --
03:17
and in other important facets of my life --
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ --
03:20
really pushed me into the field of cognitive science.
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ืžืžืฉ ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
03:23
I wanted to know how we could reach our limitless potential.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:28
I wanted to understand how we could use our knowledge
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•
03:31
of the mind and the brain
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”
03:33
to come up with psychological tools that would help us perform at our best.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:39
So why does it happen?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
03:41
Why do we sometimes fail to perform up to what we're capable of
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื ื•
03:46
when the pressure is on?
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ืฉื”ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ?
03:48
It may not be so surprising to hear that in stressful situations, we worry.
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ.
03:53
We worry about the situation,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฆื‘,
03:56
the consequences,
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ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช,
03:57
what others will think of us.
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ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื ื•.
03:59
But what is surprising is that we often get in our own way
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืคืชื™ืข ื–ื” ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœื” ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
04:04
precisely because our worries prompt us to concentrate too much.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™.
04:09
That's right --
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ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ --
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
04:11
we pay too much attention to what we're doing.
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04:14
When we're concerned about performing our best,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
04:17
we often try and control aspects of what we're doing
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
04:21
that are best left on autopilot,
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ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™,
04:23
outside conscious awareness,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขืช,
04:25
and as a result,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
04:27
we mess up.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืฉืœื™ื.
04:29
Think about a situation where you're shuffling down the stairs.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
04:33
What would happen if I asked you
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื
04:35
to think about what you're doing with your knee
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
04:37
while you're doing that?
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:38
There's a good chance you'd fall on your face.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืชื™ืคืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
04:41
We as humans only have the ability to pay attention to so much at once,
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ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
04:46
which is why, by the way,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
04:47
it's not a good idea to drive and talk on the cell phone.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ.
04:51
And under pressure,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
04:52
when we're concerned about performing at our best,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื ื•,
04:55
we can try and control aspects of what we're doing
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:58
that should be left outside conscious control.
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช.
05:02
The end result is that we mess up.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื.
05:05
My research team and I have studied this phenomenon of overattention,
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืงืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ "ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืชืจ",
05:10
and we call it paralysis by analysis.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—".
05:14
In one study, we asked college soccer players to dribble a soccer ball
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœื ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจ
05:18
and to pay attention to an aspect of their performance
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
05:21
that they would not otherwise attend to.
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ืืœื™ื• ื”ื ืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
05:24
We asked them to pay attention
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžื”ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘
05:26
to what side of the foot was contacting the ball.
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ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
05:30
We showed that performance was slower and more error-prone
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื˜ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช
05:34
when we drew their attention to the step-by-step details
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื‘ื ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื
05:37
of what they were doing.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื.
05:39
When the pressure is on,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
05:41
we're often concerned with performing at our best,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:44
and as a result we try and control what we're doing
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
05:47
to force the best performance.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:50
The end result is that we actually screw up.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืคืฉืœื™ื.
05:54
In basketball,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ,
05:55
the term "unconscious" is used to describe a shooter who can't miss.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื— "ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืข" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืงื•ืœืข ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืกืคืก.
06:01
And San Antonio Spurs star Tim Duncan has said,
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ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ San Antonio Spurs, ื˜ื™ื ื“ื ืงืŸ ืืžืจ,
06:05
"When you have to stop and think, that's when you mess up."
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"ื›ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื– ืืชื” ืžืคืฉืœ".
06:08
In dance, the great choreographer, George Balanchine,
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ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“, ื”ื›ื™ืื•ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ,
06:12
used to urge his dancers,
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ื ื”ื’ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืงื“ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•
06:14
"Don't think, just do."
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"ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขืฉื•".
06:17
When the pressure's on,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
06:19
when we want to put our best foot forward,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™,
06:21
somewhat ironically,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•,
06:23
we often try and control what we're doing in a way that leads to worse performance.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:30
So what do we do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
06:31
Knowing that we have this overactive attention,
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขื•ื“ืคืช,
06:35
how do we ensure that we perform at our best?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
06:39
A lot of it comes down to the prefrontal cortex,
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื” ืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ื- ืžืฆื—ื™ืช,
06:42
that front part of our brain that sits over our eyes
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
06:45
and usually helps us focus in positive ways.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
06:48
It often gets hooked on the wrong things.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืชืงืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:51
So how do we unhook it?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•?
06:53
Something as simple as singing a song,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืจ,
06:57
or paying attention to one's pinky toe,
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ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ,
06:59
as pro golfer Jack Nicklaus was rumored to do,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื’'ืง ื ื™ืงืœืื•ืก,
07:02
can help us take our mind off those pesky details.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ืžื•ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ืชื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ื™ื.
07:07
It's also true that practicing under conditions
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
07:11
that we're going to perform under --
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ื‘ื”ื ื ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืชืคืงื“ --
07:13
closing the gap between training and competition
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ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช
07:16
can help us get used to that feeling of all eyes on us.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•.
07:20
This is true off the playing field as well.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ.
07:23
Whether it's getting ready for an exam
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ
07:26
or preparing for a big talk --
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ืื• ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” --
07:29
one that might have a little pressure associated with it --
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉื ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžื–ื” ืงืœื•ืช --
07:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:33
getting used to the types of situations you're going to perform under
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ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืœื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืชืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืชืคืงื“
07:36
really matters.
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ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
07:38
When you're taking a test, close the book,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
07:40
practice retrieving the answer from memory under timed situations,
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ื”ืชืืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื“ื•ื“,
07:44
and when you're giving a talk,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืื”,
07:46
practice in front of others.
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ื”ืชืืžื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:47
And if you can't find anyone who will listen,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืงืฉื™ื‘,
07:50
practice in front of a video camera or even a mirror.
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ื”ืชืืžื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืจืื”.
07:53
The ability to get used to what it will feel like can make the difference
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
07:58
in whether we choke or thrive.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ื—ื ืง ืื• ื ืฆืœื™ื—.
08:01
We've also figured out some ways to get rid of those pesky worries
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื’ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ื•ืช
08:04
and self-doubts that tend to creep up in the stressful situations.
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ื•ืคืงืคื•ืง ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ.
08:09
Researchers have shown that simply jotting down your thoughts and worries
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš
08:12
before a stressful event
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ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ
08:14
can help to download them from mind --
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื ืžื”ืžื•ื— --
08:17
make them less likely to pop up in the moment.
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ืคื—ืชื• ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืขืฆืžื•.
08:20
It's kind of like when you wake up in the middle of the night
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”
08:23
and you're really worried about what you have to do the next day,
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ื•ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ืจืช,
08:26
you're trying to think about everything you have to accomplish,
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ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง,
ื•ืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืื– ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
08:29
and you write it down and then you can go back to sleep.
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ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
08:32
Journaling, or getting those thoughts down on paper,
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08:35
makes it less likely they'll pop up and distract you in the moment.
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ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกื™ื—ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืขืฆืžื•.
08:39
The end result is that you can perform your best when it matters most.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:45
So up until now,
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ืื– ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
08:46
I've talked about what happens when we put limits on ourselves
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช
08:50
and some tips we can use to help perform up to our potential.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™.
08:55
But it's important to remember
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
08:56
that it's not just our own individual being
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•
09:00
that can put limits and that can perform poorly;
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”;
09:03
our environment has an effect on whether we choke or thrive.
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ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ื ืชืงืข ืื• ื ืฉื’ืฉื’.
09:07
Our parents, our teachers, our coaches, our bosses all influence
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื
09:12
whether or not we can put our best foot forward when it matters most.
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ืขืœ ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
09:18
Take math as an example.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
09:21
That's right, I said it:
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”:
09:22
math.
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ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:24
Lots of people profess to choke or are anxious about doing math,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืฉื”ื ื ืชืงืขื™ื ืื• ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
09:28
whether it's taking a test or even calculating the tip on a dinner bill
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืค ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
09:33
as our smart friends look on.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•.
09:37
And it's quite socially acceptable
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
09:39
to talk about choking or performing poorly in math.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืงืขื•ืช ืื• ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:42
You don't hear highly educated people walking around talking about the fact
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ืืชื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
09:46
or bragging about the fact that they're not good readers,
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ืื• ืžืชืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
09:49
but you hear people all the time bragging about how they're not math people.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:54
And unfortunately,
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ื•ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
09:55
in the US, this tends to be more so among girls and women
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื™ื
10:00
than boys and men.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:03
My research team and I have tried to understand
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
10:07
where this fear of math comes from,
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ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
10:09
and we've actually peered inside the brains
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆืฆื ื•,
10:11
using functional magnetic resonance imaging,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ (fMRI),
10:14
of people who are worried about math.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
10:17
We've shown that math phobia correlates with a concrete visceral sensation
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ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื”
10:22
such as pain,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืื‘,
10:23
of which we have every right to feel anxious.
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“ ืžืžื ื•.
10:27
In fact, when people who are worried about math
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
10:29
are just getting ready to take a math test --
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ืจืง ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” --
10:32
they're not even taking it, they're just getting ready --
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ, ื”ื ืจืง ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื --
10:35
areas of the brain known the be involved in our neural pain response are active.
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื.
10:41
When we say math is painful,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื”,
10:43
there's some truth to it for some people.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืืžืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:47
But where does this math anxiety come from?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”?
10:50
It turns out that math anxiety is contagious.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืคื—ื“ ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืง.
10:55
When adults are worried about math,
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ื›ืฉืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
10:58
the children around them start worrying, too.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ.
11:01
As young as first grade,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื',
11:03
when kids are in classrooms
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”
11:04
with teachers who are anxious about their own math ability,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
11:08
these kids learn less across the school year.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
11:11
And it turns out that this is more prevalent in girls than boys.
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ื.
11:16
At this young age,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
11:17
kids tend to mimic same-sex adults,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ,
11:21
and at least in the US,
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ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
11:22
over 90 percent of our elementary school teachers are women.
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ืžืขืœ ืœ90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื.
11:28
Of course, it's not just what happens in the classroom.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
11:31
Social media plays a big role here, too.
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืงื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:34
It wasn't so long ago
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ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
11:36
that you could purchase a Teen Talk Barbie
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ "Teen Talkืด(ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ื)
11:39
that when the cord was pulled,
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ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื˜,
11:41
it would say things like,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•,
11:42
"Will we ever have enough clothes?"
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"ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื?"
11:45
and "Math class is tough."
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ื•"ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”".
11:48
And just a few years ago,
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ื•ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
11:49
major retailers were marketing T-shirts at our young girls
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
11:53
that read things like, "I'm too pretty to do math,"
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ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืื ื™ ื™ืคื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”",
11:58
or, "I'm too pretty to do my homework so my brother does it for me."
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ืื• "ืื ื™ ื™ืคื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื– ืื—ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™".
12:03
And let's not forget about the parents.
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ื•ื‘ื ืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื.
12:06
Oh, the parents.
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ืื”, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื.
12:08
It turns out that when parents are worried about their own math ability
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
12:12
and they help their kids a lot with math homework,
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
12:15
their kids learn less math across the school year.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
12:20
As one parent put it,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ,
12:22
"I judge my first grader's math homework
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื'
12:25
by whether it's a one-glass assignment or a three-glass night."
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืก ืื—ื“ ืื• ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช".
12:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:32
When adults are anxious about their own math ability,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
12:35
it rubs off on their kids
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
12:37
and it affects whether they choke or thrive.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ืชืงืขื• ืื• ื™ืฉื’ืฉื’ื•.
12:40
But just as we can put limits on others,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
12:43
we can take them off.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืื•ืชื.
12:45
My research team and I have shown
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจืื™ื ื•
12:46
that when we help parents do fun math activities with their kids --
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ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื --
12:51
rather than, say, just doing bedtime stories or bedtime reading,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื ื’ื™ื“, ืจืง ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”,
12:55
they do bedtime math,
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ื”ื ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”,
12:57
which are fun story problems to do with your kids at night,
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
13:01
not only do children's attitudes about math improve,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉืชืคืจื”,
13:04
but their math performance across the school year improves as well.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื.
13:09
Our environment matters.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
13:11
From the classroom to parents to media,
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ืžื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
13:16
and it can really make a difference in terms of whether we choke or thrive.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื ื—ื ืง ืื• ื ืฉื’ืฉื’.
13:23
Fast-forward from my high school soccer game
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ื ืงืคื•ืฅ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
13:28
to my freshman year in college.
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ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
13:30
I was in the chemistry sequence for science majors,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืœืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ื,
13:34
and boy did I not belong.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื.
13:37
Even though I studied for my first midterm exam --
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืกืžืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ --
13:42
I thought I was ready to go --
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืืœื™ื• --
13:44
I bombed it.
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ื ื›ืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื•.
13:46
I literally got the worst grade in a class of 400 students.
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ืื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ 400 ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
13:52
I was convinced I wasn't going to be a science major,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืขื™ื,
13:55
that maybe I was dropping out of college altogether.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
13:58
But then I changed how I studied.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื™.
14:01
Instead of studying alone,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“,
14:03
I started studying with a group of friends
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
14:05
who at the end of the study session would close their book
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
14:09
and compete for the right answer.
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ื•ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
14:12
We learned to practice under stress.
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ืชื—ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ.
14:15
If you could've looked inside my brain during that first midterm exam,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกืžืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
14:19
you likely would've seen a neural pain response
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืื‘ ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
14:22
a lot like the math-anxious individuals I study.
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ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ื—ืงืจืชื™.
14:25
It was probably there during the stressful study situation as well.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ.
14:30
But when I walked into the final,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืกื›ืžืช,
14:32
my mind was quiet,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื˜,
14:34
and I actually got one of the highest grades in the entire class.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
14:40
It wasn't just about learning the material;
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ;
14:43
it was about learning how to overcome my limits when it mattered most.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:49
What happens in our heads really matters,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
14:52
and knowing this,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
14:55
we can learn how to prepare ourselves and others for success,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
15:00
not just on the playing field but in the boardroom
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช
15:03
and in the classroom as well.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
15:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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