Lisa Harouni: A primer on 3D printing

236,161 views ใƒป 2012-01-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Asaf Dafner ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
It is actually a reality today
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”
00:18
that you can download products from the Web --
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ืจืฉืช --
00:22
product data, I should say, from the Web --
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžื”ืจืฉืช --
00:25
perhaps tweak it and personalize it
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืงืฆืช ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื
00:28
to your own preference or your own taste,
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ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื,
00:30
and have that information sent
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ื•ืื– ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
00:33
to a desktop machine
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ืช
00:36
that will fabricate it for you on the spot.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื.
00:38
We can actually build for you,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
00:40
very rapidly,
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
00:42
a physical object.
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ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉื™.
00:45
And the reason we can do this
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
00:47
is through an emerging technology
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ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช
00:49
called additive manufacturing,
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช,
00:51
or 3D printing.
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ืื• ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“.
00:54
This is a 3D printer.
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ื–ื• ืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“.
00:56
They have been around
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ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ
00:58
for almost 30 years now,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 30 ืฉื ื”,
01:00
which is quite amazing to think of,
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
01:02
but they're only just starting
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช
01:04
to filter into the public arena.
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ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
01:06
And typically, you would take data,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืงื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
01:09
like the data of a pen here,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื˜ ื›ืืŸ,
01:12
which would be a geometric representation of that product in 3D,
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“,
01:15
and we would pass that data with material
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ื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ
01:17
into a machine.
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”.
01:19
And a process that would happen in the machine
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”
01:21
would mean layer by layer that product would be built.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื ื”.
01:23
And we can take out the physical product,
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™,
01:26
and ready to use,
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ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ,
01:28
or to, perhaps, assemble into something else.
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ืื•, ืื•ืœื™, ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
01:31
But if these machines have been around for almost 30 years,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ30 ืฉื ื”,
01:34
why don't we know about them?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ?
01:36
Because typically they've been too inefficient,
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช,
01:39
inaccessible,
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช,
01:42
they've not been fast enough,
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง,
01:44
they've been quite expensive.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืจื•ืช.
01:46
But today,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:48
it is becoming a reality
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืžืžืฉ
01:50
that they are now becoming successful.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช.
01:52
Many barriers are breaking down.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืฆื™ื.
01:54
That means that you guys
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื•
01:56
will soon be able to access one of these machines,
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
01:58
if not this minute.
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ืื ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข.
02:01
And it will change and disrupt
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืฉ
02:03
the landscape of manufacturing,
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ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
02:05
and most certainly our lives, our businesses
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ื•ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:08
and the lives of our children.
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ื•ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
02:10
So how does it work?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช?
02:13
It typically reads CAD data,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืชื™ื‘"ืž,
02:15
which is a product design data
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ืฉื”ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ
02:17
created on professional product design programs.
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ื”ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช.
02:19
And here you can see an engineer --
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืก --
02:21
it could be an architect or it could be a professional product designer --
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืื• ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ --
02:24
create a product in 3D.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“.
02:27
And this data gets sent to a machine
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ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”
02:29
that slices the data
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ืฉืคื•ืจืกืช ืื•ืชื
02:32
into two-dimensional representations of that product
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ืœื—ืชื›ื™ื ื“ื• ืžืžื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
02:34
all the way through --
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจืš --
02:36
almost like slicing it like salami.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื ืงื ื™ืง.
02:39
And that data, layer by layer, gets passed through the machine,
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ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื”, ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”,
02:42
starting at the base of the product
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ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
02:44
and depositing material, layer upon layer,
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื–ืจืง, ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื”,
02:47
infusing the new layer of materials to the old layer
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ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืชืžื–ื’ืช ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช
02:51
in an additive process.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื”.
02:53
And this material that's deposited
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ื–ืจืง
02:56
either starts as a liquid form
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ
02:58
or a material powder form.
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ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื”.
03:01
And the bonding process can happen
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ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช
03:03
by either melting and depositing or depositing then melting.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื›ื” ื•ื”ื–ืจืงื” ืื• ื”ื–ืจืงื” ื•ืื– ื”ืชื›ื”.
03:06
In this case, we can see a laser sintering machine developed by EOS.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช EOS.
03:09
It's actually using a laser
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ
03:11
to fuse the new layer of material to the old layer.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช.
03:14
And over time --
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ --
03:16
quite rapidly actually, in a number of hours --
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ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช --
03:18
we can build a physical product,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ื–ื™,
03:20
ready to take out of the machine and use.
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ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
03:22
And this is quite an extraordinary idea,
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ,
03:26
but it is reality today.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:29
So all these products that you can see on the screen
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
03:32
were made in the same way.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš.
03:34
They were all 3D printed.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“.
03:36
And you can see,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
03:38
they're ranging from shoes,
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ืฉื”ื ื ืขื™ื ืžื ืขืœื™ื™ื,
03:40
rings that were made out of stainless steal,
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ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ืžืคืœื“ืช ืืœ-ื—ืœื“,
03:43
phone covers out of plastic,
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ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง,
03:45
all the way through to spinal implants, for example,
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ื•ืขื“ ืฉืชืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
03:48
that were created out of medical-grade titanium,
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
03:50
and engine parts.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื ื•ืข.
03:52
But what you'll notice about all of these products
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
03:54
is they're very, very intricate.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
03:56
The design is quite extraordinary.
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
03:59
Because we're taking this data in 3D form,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“,
04:02
slicing it up before it gets past the machine,
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ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”,
04:05
we can actually create structures
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื
04:07
that are more intricate
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:09
than any other manufacturing technology --
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืจืช --
04:12
or, in fact, are impossible to build in any other way.
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ืื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
04:16
And you can create parts with moving components,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืขื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืขื™ื,
04:19
hinges, parts within parts.
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ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืœืงื™ื.
04:21
So in some cases, we can abolish totally
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
04:24
the need for manual labor.
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ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
04:26
It sounds great.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
04:28
It is great.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
04:30
We can have 3D printers today
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
04:32
that build structures like these.
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ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื•.
04:34
This is almost three meters high.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื˜ืจ.
04:37
And this was built
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื”
04:39
by depositing artificial sandstone layer upon layer
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื”
04:42
in layers of about five millimeters to 10 mm in thickness --
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ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ --
04:46
slowly growing this structure.
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ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ.
04:48
This was created by an architectural firm called Shiro.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืฉื™ืจื•".
04:51
And you can actually walk into it.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื”.
04:53
And on the other end of the spectrum,
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ื•ื‘ืงืฆื” ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื,
04:55
this is a microstructure.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื‘ื ื”.
04:57
It's created depositing layers
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช
04:59
of about four microns.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืŸ.
05:02
So really the resolution is quite incredible.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช.
05:05
The detail that you can get today
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ืจืžืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
05:07
is quite amazing.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
05:10
So who's using it?
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ืื– ืžื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”?
05:12
Typically, because we can create products very rapidly,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ,
05:15
it's been used by product designers,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจ,
05:18
or anyone who wanted to prototype a product
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืœืžื•ืฆืจ
05:21
and very quickly create or reiterate a design.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื”ืจ ืื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
05:24
And actually what's quite amazing about this technology as well
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื” ืฉื’ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
05:28
is that you can create bespoke products en masse.
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ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
05:31
There's very little economies of scale.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืžื•ืช
05:34
So you can now create one-offs very easily.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:37
Architects, for example,
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
05:39
they want to create prototypes of buildings.
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
05:41
Again you can see,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
05:43
this is a building of the Free University in Berlin
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ
05:46
and it was designed by Foster and Partners.
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ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื•ืฉื•ืช'".
05:48
Again, not buildable in any other way.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
05:51
And very hard to even create this by hand.
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“.
05:56
Now this is an engine component.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืข.
05:59
It was developed by a company called Within Technologies
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ื•ื•ื™ืช'ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช"
06:02
and 3T RPD.
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ื•"3T RPD".
06:05
It's very, very, very detailed
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ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื
06:07
inside with the design.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื•.
06:09
Now 3D printing
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“
06:11
can break away barriers in design
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืคืฅ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
06:13
which challenge the constraints
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ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืชื™ื’ืจ ืขืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:15
of mass production.
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ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
06:17
If we slice into this product which is actually sitting here,
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ืื ื ืคืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืืŸ,
06:20
you can see that it has a number of cooling channels pass through it,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืชืขืœื•ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื•,
06:24
which means it's a more efficient product.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:27
You can't create this with standard manufacturing techniques
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช
06:30
even if you tried to do it manually.
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช.
06:32
It's more efficient
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:34
because we can now create all these cavities within the object
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ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜
06:37
that cool fluid.
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ืฉืžืฆื ื ื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœ.
06:39
And it's used by aerospace
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ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื”ื—ืœืœ
06:41
and automotive.
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ื•ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.
06:44
It's a lighter part
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:47
and it uses less material waste.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ.
06:49
So it's overall performance and efficiency
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื•
06:52
just exceeds standard mass produced products.
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
06:55
And then taking this idea
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ื•ืื–, ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:57
of creating a very detailed structure,
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš
06:59
we can apply it to honeycomb structures
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื›ื•ื•ืจืช
07:01
and use them within implants.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉืชืœื™ื.
07:04
Typically an implant
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉืชืœ
07:06
is more effective within the body
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ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
07:08
if it's more porous,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
07:10
because our body tissue will grow into it.
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ื›ื™ ืจืงืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืชื’ื“ืœ ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
07:12
There's a lower chance of rejection.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ื”.
07:15
But it's very hard to create that in standard ways.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช.
07:18
With 3D printing,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“,
07:20
we're seeing today
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ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
07:22
that we can create much better implants.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉืชืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
07:24
And in fact, because we can create
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
07:26
bespoke products en masse, one-offs,
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”, ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™,
07:29
we can create implants
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืชืœื™ื
07:31
that are specific to individuals.
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ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื
07:33
So as you can see,
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ืื– ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
07:35
this technology and the quality of what comes out of the machines is fantastic.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช.
07:39
And we're starting to see it being used
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
07:41
for final end products.
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงืฆื”.
07:43
And in fact, as the detail is improving,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืจืžืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื’ื“ืœื”,
07:45
the quality is improving,
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ืจืžืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคืจืช,
07:47
the price of the machines are falling
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ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื
07:50
and they're becoming quicker.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:52
They're also now small enough
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
07:54
to sit on a desktop.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
07:56
You can buy a machine today for about $300
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›300 ื“ื•ืœืจ
07:58
that you can create yourself,
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ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš,
08:00
which is quite incredible.
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
08:02
But then it begs the question,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”,
08:04
why don't we all have one in our home?
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ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
08:07
Because, simply, most of us here today
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื
08:09
don't know how to create the data
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ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
08:11
that a 3D printer reads.
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ืฉืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืงืจื•ื.
08:13
If I gave you a 3D printer,
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ืœื• ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“,
08:15
you wouldn't know how to direct it
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”
08:17
to make what you want it to.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
08:19
But there are more and more
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:21
technologies, software and processes today
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
08:23
that are breaking down those barriers.
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ืฉืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
08:25
I believe we're at a tipping point
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”
08:27
where this is now something
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ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
08:30
that we can't avoid.
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ืฉืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื•.
08:32
This technology
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
08:34
is really going to disrupt
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ
08:36
the landscape of manufacturing
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ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
08:38
and, I believe, cause a revolution
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื”ืคื›ื”
08:40
in manufacturing.
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ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
08:42
So today,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื,
08:44
you can download products from the Web --
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ืจืฉืช --
08:46
anything you would have on your desktop,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
08:48
like pens, whistles, lemon squeezers.
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ื›ืžื• ืขื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื•ืงื™ื•ืช, ืžืกื—ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ.
08:51
You can use software like Google SketchUp
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืกืงืืฅ'-ืืค"
08:54
to create products from scratch
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืืคืก
08:56
very easily.
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ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
08:59
3D printing can be also used
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ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื
09:01
to download spare parts from the Web.
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ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื”ืจืฉืช.
09:04
So imagine you have, say,
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ืื– ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื, ื ื’ื™ื“,
09:06
a Hoover in your home
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ืฉื•ืื‘ ืื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
09:08
and it has broken down. You need a spare part,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ. ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง,
09:11
but you realize that Hoover's been discontinued.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื”.
09:14
Can you imagine going online --
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช --
09:16
this is a reality --
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช --
09:18
and finding that spare part
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื”
09:20
from a database of geometries
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ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
09:22
of that discontinued product
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื• ื”ื•ืคืกืง
09:24
and downloading that information, that data,
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
09:27
and having the product made for you at home,
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
09:29
ready to use, on your demand?
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ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื›ื?
09:32
And in fact, because we can create spare parts
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ
09:34
with things the machines
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ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
09:36
are quite literally making themselves.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
09:38
You're having machines fabricate themselves.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
09:41
These are parts of a RepRap machine,
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ืืœื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช "ืจืค-ืจืืค",
09:43
which is a kind of desktop printer.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคืกืช ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ืช.
09:46
But what interests my company the most
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
09:49
is the fact that you can create
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
09:51
individual unique products en masse.
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
09:54
There's no need to do a run
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
09:56
of thousands of millions
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ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื
09:58
or send that product to be injection molded in China.
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ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ืจืงืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
10:01
You can just make it physically on the spot.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื.
10:05
Which means
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ
10:07
that we can now present to the public
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
10:09
the next generation of customization.
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ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช (ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื).
10:12
This is something that is now possible today,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:14
that you can direct personally
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ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
10:16
how you want your products to look.
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืจืื•.
10:19
We're all familiar with the idea
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
10:21
of customization or personalization.
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ืฉืœ ืงืกื˜ื•ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื• ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
10:23
Brands like Nike are doing it.
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ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื ื™ื™ืงื™" ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
10:25
It's all over the Web.
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ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช.
10:27
In fact, every major household name
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ
10:29
is allowing you
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื
10:31
to interact with their products
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ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื•
10:33
on a daily basis --
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืžื™ --
10:35
all the way from Smart Cars
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ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืกืžืืจื˜
10:37
to Prada
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ื“ืจืš ืคืจืื“ื”
10:39
to Ray Ban, for example.
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ื•ืขื“ ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
10:41
But this is not really mass customization;
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ืืš ืืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช.
10:43
it's known as variant production,
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ืืœื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช,
10:45
variations of the same product.
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ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ.
10:48
What you could do is really influence your product now
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ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื›ื
10:51
and shape-manipulate your product.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื›ื.
10:54
I'm not sure about you guys,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื›ื,
10:56
but I've had experiences
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
10:58
when I've walked into a store and I've know exactly what I've wanted
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ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”
11:00
and I've searched everywhere for that perfect lamp
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื–ื•
11:03
that I know where I want to sit in my house
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
11:05
and I just can't find the right thing,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
11:07
or that perfect piece of jewelry
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื
11:10
as a gift or for myself.
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ื›ืžืชื ื” ืื• ืœืขืฆืžื™.
11:12
Imagine that you can now
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
11:14
engage with a brand
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืชื’
11:17
and interact,
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ื•ืœืชืงืฉืจ,
11:19
so that you can pass your personal attributes
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
11:22
to the products that you're about to buy.
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ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช.
11:26
You can today
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
11:28
download a product with software like this,
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื•,
11:30
view the product in 3D.
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“.
11:32
This is the sort of 3D data
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืชืœืช-ื”ืžืžื“
11:34
that a machine will read.
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ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ื.
11:36
This is a lamp.
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ื–ื• ืžื ื•ืจื”.
11:38
And you can start iterating the design.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
11:40
You can direct what color that product will be,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ,
11:42
perhaps what material.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™.
11:44
And also, you can engage in shape manipulation of that product,
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ื•ื’ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ,
11:47
but within boundaries that are safe.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.
11:49
Because obviously the public are not professional product designers.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.
11:52
The piece of software will keep an individual
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
11:55
within the bounds of the possible.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
11:59
And when somebody is ready to purchase the product
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
12:01
in their personalized design,
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื•,
12:03
they click "Enter" and this data gets converted
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืื ื˜ืจ" ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืžืจื™ื
12:06
into the data that a 3D printer reads
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ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ืงื•ืจืืช
12:10
and gets passed to a 3D printer,
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ื•ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“,
12:15
perhaps on someone's desktop.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
12:18
But I don't think that that's immediate.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ.
12:20
I don't think that will happen soon.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
12:22
What's more likely, and we're seeing it today,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
12:24
is that data gets sent
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื
12:26
to a local manufacturing center.
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ืœืžืจื›ื– ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™.
12:28
This means lower carbon footprint.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืชื ืคื—ืžืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:31
We're now, instead of shipping a product across the world,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
12:34
we're sending data across the Internet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
12:36
Here's the product being built.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
12:39
You can see, this came out of the machine in one piece
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื—ืช
12:41
and the electronics were inserted later.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืืœื™ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
12:43
It's this lamp, as you can see here.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
12:45
So as long as you have the data,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
12:47
you can create the part on demand.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
12:49
And you don't necessarily need to use this
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ื•ืืชื ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
12:51
for just aesthetic customization,
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ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื,
12:53
you can use it for functional customization,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื,
12:55
scanning parts of the body
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืจื™ืงืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
12:57
and creating things that are made to fit.
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ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื.
12:59
So we can run this through to something like prosthetics,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช,
13:02
which is highly specialized to an individual's handicap.
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ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื.
13:05
Or we can create very specific prosthetics
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ืื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืชื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
13:09
for that individual.
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ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื.
13:11
Scanning teeth today,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
13:13
you can have your teeth scanned
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
13:15
and dental coatings made in this way to fit you.
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ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ื.
13:17
While you wait at the dentist,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื,
13:19
a machine will quietly be creating this for you
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ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ืฉืงื˜
13:22
ready to insert in the teeth.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
13:24
And the idea of now creating implants,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉืชืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
13:28
scanning data, an MRI scan of somebody
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืกืจื™ืงื”, ืกืจื™ืงืช MRI ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:31
can now be converted into 3D data
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžืจืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“
13:33
and we can create very specific implants for them.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉืชืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
13:37
And applying this
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
13:39
to the idea of building up what's in our bodies.
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:41
You know, this is pair of lungs and the bronchial tree.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืœื• ื–ื•ื’ ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืกืžืคื•ื ื•ืช.
13:44
It's very intricate.
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ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
13:46
You couldn't really create this or simulate it in any other way.
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ื–ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
13:48
But with MRI data,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืกืจื™ืงืช MRI,
13:50
we can just build the product,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ,
13:52
as you can see, very intricately.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
13:56
Using this process,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”,
13:58
pioneers in the industry are layering up cells today.
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ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
14:01
So one of the pioneers, for example, is Dr. Anthony Atala,
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ืื– ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื“"ืจ ืื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื˜ืœื”,
14:04
and he has been working
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“
14:06
on layering cells to create body parts --
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ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจืงืช ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ --
14:08
bladders, valves, kidneys.
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ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
14:12
Now this is not something that's ready for the public,
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ืืžื ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
14:14
but it is in working progress.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
14:17
So just to finalize, we're all individual.
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ืื– ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื›ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:19
We all have different preferences, different needs.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:22
We like different things.
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ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:24
We're all different sizes and our companies the same.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
14:26
Businesses want different things.
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:28
Without a doubt in my mind,
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ืœืœื ืกืคืง,
14:30
I believe that this technology
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
14:32
is going to cause a manufacturing revolution
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
14:34
and will change the landscape of manufacturing as we know it.
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ื•ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
14:37
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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