John Walker: Re-creating great performances

19,128 views ใƒป 2008-08-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Oren Szekatch ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:16
Ninety-nine percent of us have the dream of listeners.
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ืœ-99 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื.
00:20
Not being the musicians -- the listeners, right?
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ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื -- ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:22
And we crave one thing,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
00:24
even though we kind of don't know it all the time.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื•.
00:26
We crave to be in the room with the musician
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื
00:31
the day it was recorded, the day it was played.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื ื•ื’ื ื”.
00:33
And we go to live concerts, and we get that as much as we can.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
00:36
But then we listen to the other 99 percent of our stuff recorded.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืืจ 99 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืงืœื˜.
00:39
And it turns out the further back you go in history,
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
00:42
the little rougher it sounds.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:44
And so we said, there's a solution to this.
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ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื ื•, ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”.
00:48
Let's separate the performance, as a thing,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื›ื“ื‘ืจ,
00:52
out from the recording, which was how it was made.
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ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ - ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื”.
00:55
You know, the thing with microphones in the room and all that day.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
00:58
But the performance itself was how the musicians worked their fingers,
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ืืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื,
01:01
and what instruments they were using.
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•.
01:03
And it's the data hidden inside the recording.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืกืชืชืจ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”.
01:08
In order to do this, it's a lot of hardware and software
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื”
01:11
that runs in a very high resolution.
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ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
01:13
And Yamaha makes an incredible thing called the Disklavier Pro
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ื•ื™ืžืื”ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื”ื ืงืจื "ื“ื™ืกืงืœืื‘ื™ืจ ืคืจื•",
01:17
that looks like a nice grand piano there.
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ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืคืกื ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื—ืžื“ ืฉื --
01:19
And you probably didn't realize it's going to do all these things --
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• --
01:21
but full of solenoids, and fiber optics, and computers
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
01:24
and all this kind of stuff. The highest resolution out of Japan.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• -- ืขื ื”ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืžื™ืคืŸ.
01:27
And this just didn't work until we could cross this line that says high-definition.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืงื• ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื ืงืจื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
01:31
And we were able to cross this line, called the uncanny valley,
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื ืงืจื ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช,
01:34
in terms of -- artificial intelligence terms.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ -- ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
01:39
We have a process where we, you know,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื• ืื ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
01:41
kind of put it into the computer and digitize it, and then a whole lot of analysis.
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ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื•ืื– ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื ืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:44
And we look at every single note,
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ื•ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืชื• ื•ืชื•,
01:46
and all the attributes of those notes:
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•:
01:48
how hard they were struck, and how they were held down,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืง ื ื™ื’ื ื• ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื•,
01:50
and how you move the fingers.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื–ืช ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš.
01:52
So we had to develop a whole new science of how you move your fingers.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ืžื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš.
01:54
And, you know, it's a thing your piano teacher teaches you,
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ื•ื–ื”ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืžื“ื›ื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคืกื ืชืจ,
01:57
but we never had a science behind these kinds of things.
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ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื“ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
02:00
I'm going to start with Glenn Gould.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื’ืœืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“.
02:02
He died 25 years ago this year, and was born 75 years ago this year.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื”, ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืคื ื™ 75 ืฉื ื”.
02:06
Was a beloved pianist, maybe the great cult pianist of the twentieth century.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืกื ืชืจืŸ ืื”ื•ื“, ืื•ืœื™ ืคืกื ืชืจืŸ ื–ืจื ื”"ืงืืœื˜" ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
02:10
He just got tired of being in front of an audience,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืžืืก ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืงื”ืœ,
02:12
and felt like -- a performing monkey was, in fact, his term.
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ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• - "ืงื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช", ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
02:14
So he stepped back, and did nothing but the crafting of his work.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•.
02:18
And Gould's specialty was playing Bach.
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ื•ื’ื•ืœื“ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืš.
02:20
His maybe most famous recording
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื•
02:22
was something called "The Goldberg Variations."
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ื”ื™ื "ื”ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’."
02:24
Bach only wrote themes and variations one time.
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ื‘ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ืจืง ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
02:27
He wrote some early pieces,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช,
02:29
but late in his life, in his mature period,
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ืืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช,
02:31
he said, "Here's a theme -- 30 variations."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื”ื ื” ื ื•ืฉื -- 30 ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช."
02:34
In fact, the theme isn't even the melody, it's the bass line.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืืฃ ื”ืžืœื•ื“ื™ื”, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืก.
02:37
And Gould recorded it in two major recordings that you may know about,
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ื•ื’ื•ืœื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ,
02:42
one in mono, and one in stereo.
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ืื—ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื•, ืื—ืช ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•.
02:44
And the one in mono, by the way, he used the pedal,
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื•, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืฉื”,
02:47
and as he got older, he said, "No, no, wait a minute.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœื, ืœื, ืจืง ืจื’ืข.
02:50
I'm going to get very scientific about this, and not use the pedal."
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ืขื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืฉื”."
02:53
What I'd like you to hear live is the 1955 version,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื•, ื—ื™, ื”ื ื” ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 1955,
02:57
and we'll play the first couple pieces of it.
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ื•ื ื ื’ืŸ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื”.
02:59
Glenn Gould, 1955.
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ื’ืœืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“, 1955.
03:02
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
05:35
How about that?
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ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื?
05:37
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:41
So let me tell you a little bit how this was done.
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ืื– ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื”.
05:43
First of all, let me get you to the end step.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืฆืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
05:45
This is -- we have a fairly complex process
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื -- ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
05:47
that, you know, software and musicians and so on,
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ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”,
05:50
but when we're all done, we know that the ear is the final arbiter.
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
05:55
We can play the original in one ear, and a new recording in the other.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ืื—ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
05:58
So I'm going to do this for you right now, what you just heard.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื›ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฉืžืขืชื.
06:01
And in the right speaker is going to be the original recording,
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ื•ื‘ืจืžืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ืŸ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช
06:03
and the left speaker is going to be the new recording,
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ื•ื‘ืจืžืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ืŸ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” --
06:06
actually of an instrument just like that one,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”ื”,
06:09
and I'm going to play them together at the same time.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื’ื ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืช.
06:11
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:17
That's the original. [Unclear] That's the two together.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
06:19
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:55
Before "Jurassic Park,"
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ืœืคื ื™ ืคืืจืง ื”ื™ื•ืจื”,
06:57
there was no science for how skin hung off of muscle, right?
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืข ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:03
So, in the video world,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
07:04
we've been able to invent, in our lifetimes, natural behavior.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื, ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
07:07
And this is kind of another example
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”
07:09
of putting a science behind natural behavior.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
07:12
And then you heard the original.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
07:14
Ultimately, I started with the experience.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
07:16
And the experience is: I want to be in the room and hear the musicians.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื: ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื.
07:20
Lots of you can afford to buy one of these.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”.
07:22
But, if not, there is now high-definition surround sound.
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ืืš, ืื ืœื, ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช.
07:28
And I got to tell you, if you haven't heard high-definition surround,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช,
07:31
go down to your audio dealer, your audiophile dealer.
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ืœื›ื• ืืœ ืกื•ื—ืจ ื”ืฉืžืข ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืข ืฉืœื›ื.
07:33
It's so involving compared to regular stereo.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื• ืจื’ื™ืœ.
07:37
But if you don't have that, maybe you can listen on your headphones.
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ืืš ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
07:39
And so on the same disk we have five recordings --
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืกืง ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช --
07:41
Sony has five recordings.
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ืœืกื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช.
07:43
And you could listen in headphones
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช
07:45
with this thing called binaural recording.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืงืจื ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ืช.
07:48
And it's a dummy head that sits in front of the instrument,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืืฉ ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™,
07:52
and it's got microphones where the ears are.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•.
07:56
And when you put on headphones, and you listen to this,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืชื ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”,
07:58
you're inside of Glenn Gould's body.
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ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“.
08:00
And it is a chuckle until, you know, the musicians,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืขื“ ืืฉืจ -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื,
08:03
who are musicians who play the piano, listen to this, say,
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ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ, ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
08:05
"I can't believe it! It's just what it's like to play the piano."
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ! ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืกื ืชืจ."
08:07
Except now you're inside Glenn Gould's body playing the piano,
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ืืœื ืฉื›ืขืช ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ ื”ืžื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ,
08:09
and it feels like your fingers are making the decisions
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
08:11
and moving through the whole process.
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ื•ื”ื–ื–ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
08:13
It's a game changer.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื.
08:15
Here's now something we know in spectacular quality.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื”.
08:17
The whole process is very sensitive to temperature and humidity.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืช.
08:21
What you heard today was not perfect.
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ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื.
08:23
It's an amalgam of wood, and cast iron, and felt,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืง ื•ืœื‘ื“,
08:27
and steel strings, and all these,
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ื•ืžื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื”,
08:29
and they're all amazingly sensitive to temperature and humidity.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืช.
08:32
So when you go into the recording session,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื”,
08:35
you get to stop after every piece and rebuild the piano if you need to.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ ืื ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
08:39
There's the whole action there, sitting, kind of, on the side,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืงืข,
08:41
and the dummy head and our recording engineers
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ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•
08:43
standing around while we rebuild the piano.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ.
08:45
Without putting dates next to these things,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
08:47
step-by-step music will be turned into data,
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ืฆืขื“ ืฆืขื“, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื™ื“ืข,
08:50
like every field that's occurred in the past 35 or 40 years.
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ื›ืฉื ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื‘-35 ืื• 40 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
08:54
Audio has come very late to this game --
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ืฉืžืข ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืจื‘ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” --
08:57
I'm not talking about digitizing, and bits, and re-mastering.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ --
09:00
I'm talking about turn it into the data that it was made from,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ,
09:03
which is how it was performed.
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ืžืฉืžืข, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืฆืข.
09:05
And audio came very late because our ears are so hard to fool --
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ื•ื”ืฉืžืข ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• --
09:08
they're high-resolution, and they're wired straight to our emotions,
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•,
09:11
and you can't trick them very easily.
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ื–ื• ืงืœื•ืช.
09:13
Your eyes are pretty happy with some color and movement, you know.
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ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
09:16
All right, there's this episode of "Star Trek."
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืจืง ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืจ ื˜ืจืง.
09:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:22
I get it -- it was all just laid in for me yesterday there.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ -- ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืืชืžื•ืœ.
09:24
The episode of "Star Trek" for me was James Daly played Methuselah --
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ื”ืคืจืง ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืจ ื˜ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืืช ืžืชื•ืฉืœื— --
09:28
remember this one?
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•?
09:30
And at some point he's dancing with his --
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืงื“ ืขื ื–ื” --
09:33
and I won't ruin the episode for you, from 1967.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื”ืจื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืง, ืžืฉื ืช 1967.
09:35
Right, do you know where I'm going?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื ื–ื”?
09:37
And Nimoy, I'm sorry, Spock sits down at the piano,
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ื•ื ื™ืžื•ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืกืคื•ืง ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ,
09:39
and he starts playing this Brahms waltz, and they all dance to it.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืœืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื”ืžืก, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ื•.
09:43
And then Spock turns round, he goes,
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ื•ืื– ืกืคื•ืง ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘, ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
09:45
"James, I know all of the Brahms waltzes,
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"ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก, ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื”ืžืก,
09:50
and I don't believe this is one of them in the category."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืื™ืชื ืœืื•ืชื” ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”."
09:54
That's where I'm at.
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ืฉื ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื.
09:56
I want to hear the waltzes Brahms didn't write.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื•ืœืก ืฉื‘ืจื”ืžืก ืœื ื›ืชื‘.
10:00
I want to hear the pieces that Horowitz didn't play.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืŸ.
10:04
But I believe we're on a path now, when we get to data,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืขืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
10:09
that we can distill styles, and templates, and formulas, and all these kinds of things,
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ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ืงืง ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• --
10:13
again, that you've seen happen in the computer graphics world.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืจืคื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘.
10:16
It's now coming in this world.
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ื–ื” ื›ืขืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
10:18
The transition will be this one.
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ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”.
10:20
It says right now, we think music is notes and how they're played.
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืขืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžื ื•ื’ื ื™ื.
10:23
And I believe this is coming.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข.
10:25
Because what you've just heard was a computer playing data --
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฉืžืขืชื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข --
10:30
no Glenn Gould in the room.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืœืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ.
10:32
But yet, it was human.
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ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ.
10:34
And I believe you'll get to the next step, the real dream of listeners.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื.
10:37
Every time you listen to a recording today,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื›ื™ื•ื,
10:40
every time you take out your iPod and whatever,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”,
10:42
every time you listen to it, it's the same thing -- it's frozen.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื•, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ -- ื”ื•ื ืงืคื•ื.
10:47
Wouldn't it be cool if every time you listened, it could be different?
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ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”?
10:51
This morning, you're sadder, you want to hear your song,
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ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืืชื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
10:54
the same song, played sadder than you did yesterday.
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ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื™ืจ, ืžื ื•ื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฆื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืŸ ืืชืžื•ืœ.
10:56
You want to hear it played by different musicians.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื’ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
10:58
You want to hear it in different rooms and whatever.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
11:01
We've seen all these "Star Treks," and they're all holodeck episodes as well.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืจ ื˜ืจืง, ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจืงื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”"ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืœื•ื’ืจืžื•ืช".
11:03
Every time I listen to that, I get goose bumps.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื”, ืขื•ืจื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ืŸ.
11:06
It's so amazing, it's so exciting.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ืฉ.
11:09
Every time I listen to that recording it's like, "Oh my God,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื,
11:11
I can't believe I'm in the same room. I can't believe this is happening."
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
11:13
It's a way better experience
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
11:15
than whatever you're used to listening to, in whatever form.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
11:17
And lastly, I will wrap up with one minute of Art Tatum.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื.
11:22
So I've really overshot my budget here.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ื›ืืŸ.
11:24
We made a new recording of him
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื•
11:27
playing in the Shrine Auditorium in September.
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ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘"ืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื" ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ.
11:30
It was a concert he recorded in the Shrine Auditorium in 1949.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ื‘"ืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื" ื‘ืฉื ืช 1949.
11:34
And I've got to tell you, we have this lab
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•
11:36
where we build and measure everything, back in Raleigh, North Carolina,
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืืœื™ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”.
11:39
and we flew out to Los Angeles.
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ื•ื˜ืกื ื• ืžืฉื ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
11:42
And as the president of the company,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
11:44
I didn't feel real comfortable about where we were.
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ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื ื•ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื•.
11:47
That's a real uncomfortable feeling,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”
11:49
when all the equipment's come out and a whole Sony team,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื ื™,
11:51
and people are going to be sitting there in the audience.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื‘ืงื”ืœ.
11:53
And we put the piano on the sweet spot of the stage in the Shrine,
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ื•ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘"ืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ" --
11:57
which has not changed since 1949, still seats 6,000 people.
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ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื– 1949, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืœืก 6,000 ืื™ืฉ --
12:01
And on the sweet spot on the stage, Tatum starts playing ...
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ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืคื™ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื ื’ืŸ...
12:04
and every note, every beat, every slur, every accent, every pedal
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ื›ืœ ืชื•, ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื‘, ื›ืœ ืงืฉืช, ื›ืœ ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉื”
12:10
was perfect, because he played it for that room on that day.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื.
12:14
And we captured all that data all over again.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื.
12:16
And I want you to hear that right now.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ื–ืืช ืขืชื”.
12:18
And fortunately, it's right in here.
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ --
12:20
This is an encore he used to do.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ืจืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
12:23
It's one minute long.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช.
12:25
It's an Irish jig, and I want you to hear his humor.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’'ื™ื’ ืื™ืจื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
12:27
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
13:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:24
And that's just what the live audience did.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื—ื™.
13:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:29
So thank you very much, Michael, thank you for the opportunity.
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ืื– ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืžื™ื™ืงืœ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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