7 principles for building better cities | Peter Calthorpe | TED

2,364,347 views ใƒป 2017-08-31

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So, let me add to the complexity
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ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
00:14
of the situation we find ourselves in.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
00:17
At the same time that we're solving for climate change,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
00:21
we're going to be building cities for three billion people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:26
That's a doubling of the urban environment.
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ื–ื• ื”ื›ืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช.
00:29
If we don't get that right,
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:31
I'm not sure all the climate solutions in the world will save mankind,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
00:36
because so much depends on how we shape our cities:
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•:
00:40
not just environmental impacts,
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ืœื ืจืง ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช,
00:42
but our social well-being,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
00:44
our economic vitality,
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
00:46
our sense of community and connectedness.
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
00:49
Fundamentally, the way we shape cities is a manifestation
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช
00:53
of the kind of humanity we bring to bear.
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ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
00:55
And so getting it right is, I think,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
00:58
the order of the day.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:00
And to a certain degree, getting it right can help us solve climate change,
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ื•ื‘ืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
01:04
because in the end,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
01:05
it's our behavior that seems to be driving the problem.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืชื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:08
The problem isn't free-floating,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืคื” ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืฆืžื”,
01:10
and it isn't just ExxonMobil and oil companies.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืืงืกื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜.
01:14
It's us; how we live.
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ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื•; ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:18
How we live.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:19
There's a villain in this story.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:21
It's called sprawl, and I'll be upfront about that.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš.
01:24
But it's not just the kind of sprawl you think of, or many people think of,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื, ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
01:28
as low-density development
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ื›ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”
01:30
out at the periphery of the metropolitan area.
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ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ.
01:33
Actually, I think sprawl can happen anywhere, at any density.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช.
01:39
The key attribute is that it isolates people.
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ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:42
It segregates people into economic enclaves
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ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื‘ืœืขื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช
01:46
and land-use enclaves.
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ื•ืœืžื•ื‘ืœืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข.
01:48
It separates them from nature.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:50
It doesn't allow the cross-fertilization,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
01:53
the interaction,
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ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”,
01:54
that make cities great places
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ืคืœืื™ื
01:57
and that make society thrive.
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ื•ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืฉื’ืฉื’.
02:00
So the antidote to sprawl is really what we all need to be thinking about,
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ืื– ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•,
02:04
especially when we're taking on this massive construction project.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
02:09
So let me take you through one exercise.
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ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืื—ื“.
02:12
We developed the model for the state of California
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
02:16
so they could get on with reducing carbon emissions.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืฉื ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ.
02:19
We did a whole series of scenarios for how the state could grow,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
02:25
and this is just one overly simplified one.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
02:28
We mixed different development prototypes
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ืขืจื‘ื‘ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—
02:31
and said they're going to carry us through the year 2050,
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ื•ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2050,
02:35
10 million new crew in our state of California.
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10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:40
And one was sprawl.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ.
02:41
It's just more of the same: shopping malls, subdivisions,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืชืช ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช,
02:45
office parks.
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ืคืืจืงื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.
02:46
The other one was dominated by, not everybody moving to the city,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ ืข"ื™ : ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ,
02:50
but just compact development,
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ืืœื ืจืง ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™,
02:52
what we used to think of as streetcar suburbs,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช
02:54
walkable neighborhoods,
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ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ,
02:55
low-rise, but integrated, mixed-used environments.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ืืš ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘.
03:00
And the results are astounding.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
03:03
They're astounding not just for the scale of the difference
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
03:06
of this one shift in our city-making habit
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:10
but also because each one represents a special interest group,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
03:16
a special interest group that used to advocate for their concerns
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”
03:20
one at a time.
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
03:21
They did not see the, what I call, "co-benefits" of urban form
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• "ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™
03:26
that allows them to join with others.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืื—ืจื™ื.
03:29
So, land consumption:
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ืื–, ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข:
03:30
environmentalists are really concerned about this,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”,
03:33
so are farmers;
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื;
03:35
there's a whole range of people,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:37
and, of course, neighborhood groups that want open space nearby.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื.
03:41
The sprawl version of California
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ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
03:43
almost doubles the urban physical footprint.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช.
03:48
Greenhouse gas: tremendous savings,
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ื’ื– ื”ื—ืžืžื”: ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
03:50
because in California, our biggest carbon emission comes from cars,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:55
and cities that don't depend on cars as much
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ื•ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
03:59
obviously create huge savings.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื™ื.
04:03
Vehicle miles traveled: that's what I was just talking about.
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ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:06
Just reducing the average 10,000 miles per household per year,
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ืจืง ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 16,000 ืง"ืž ืœืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”,
04:11
from somewhere in the mid-26,000 per household,
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ืžืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 42,000 ืœืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช,
04:16
has a huge impact not just on air quality and carbon
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ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ
04:21
but also on the household pocketbook.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
04:24
It's very expensive to drive that much,
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”,
04:27
and as we've seen,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•,
04:28
the middle class is struggling to hold on.
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ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื ืื‘ืง ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“.
04:32
Health care: we were talking about how do you fix it once we broke it --
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™: ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉืคื’ืขื ื• ื‘ื•.
04:36
clean the air.
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:37
Why not just stop polluting?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื–ื”ื?
04:39
Why not just use our feet and bikes more?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื•?
04:42
And that's a function of the kinds of cities that we shape.
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ื•ื–ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
04:47
Household costs:
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ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช:
04:49
2008 was a mark in time,
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2008 ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
04:51
not of just the financial industry running amok.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืœื ืจืง ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื•.
04:55
It was that we were trying to sell too many of the wrong kind of housing:
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ:
05:00
large lot, single family, distant,
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ืžื’ืจืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช, ืžืจื—ืง,
05:03
too expensive for the average middle-class family to afford
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ื™ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืŸ
05:07
and, quite frankly, not a good fit to their lifestyle anymore.
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ื•ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืชืืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
05:10
But in order to move inventory,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืžืœืื™.
05:13
you can discount the financing and get it sold.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื”ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
05:16
I think that's a lot of what happened.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
05:18
Reducing cost by 10,000 dollars --
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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ -
05:21
remember, in California the median is 50,000 --
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื—ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 50,000 -
05:23
this is a big element.
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ื–ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:25
That's just cars and utility costs.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
05:28
So the affordable housing advocates, who often sit off in their silos
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ืื– ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื
05:32
separate from the environmentalists, separate from the politicians,
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ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
05:37
everybody fighting with everyone,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ืœื,
05:39
now begin to see common cause,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
05:41
and I think the common cause is what really brings about the change.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
05:45
Los Angeles, as a result of these efforts,
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ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืœื”,
05:48
has now decided to transform itself
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
05:51
into a more transit-oriented environment.
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ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
05:55
As a matter of fact, since '08,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืื– 2008,
05:56
they've voted in 400 billion dollars of bonds for transit
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
06:00
and zero dollars for new highways.
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ื•ืืคืก ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
06:03
What a transformation:
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ืื™ื–ื• ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”:
06:04
LA becomes a city of walkers and transit,
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ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
06:08
not a city of cars.
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ืœื ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:10
How does it happen?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
06:11
You take the least desirable land, the strip,
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช, ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื”,
06:13
you add where there's space, transit
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ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื,
06:15
and then you infill mixed-use development,
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
06:20
you satisfy new housing demands
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ืืชื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
06:22
and you make the existing neighborhoods
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
06:24
all around it more complex,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:25
more interesting, more walkable.
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื”ืŸ.
06:28
Here's another kind of sprawl:
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ:
06:31
China, high-density sprawl, what you think of as an oxymoron,
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ืกื™ืŸ. ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืขืœ ืื•ืงืกื™ืžื•ืจื•ืŸ
06:35
but the same problems, everything isolated in superblocks,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ-ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
06:38
and of course this amazing smog that was just spoken to.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจืคื™ื— ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
06:42
Twelve percent of GDP in China now is spent
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12% ืžื”ืชืž"ื’ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–
06:45
on the health impacts of that.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
06:47
The history, of course, of Chinese cities is robust.
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื”.
06:50
It's like any other place.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
06:52
Community was all about small, local shops
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
06:55
and local services and walking, interacting with your neighbors.
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ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
06:59
It may sound utopian, but it's not.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื.
07:01
It's actually what people really want.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
07:03
The new superblocks --
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ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื --
07:05
these are blocks that would have 5,000 units in them,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื 5,000 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
07:09
and they're gated as well, because nobody knows anybody else.
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืžื’ื•ื“ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจ.
07:12
And of course, there isn't even a sidewalk, no ground floor shops --
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืจื›ื”,ื•ืœื ืงื•ืžืช ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช -
07:16
a very sterile environment.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™ืช ืžืื•ื“.
07:18
I found this one case here in one of the superblocks
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื
07:23
where people had illicitly set up shops in their garages
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ืฉืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
07:26
so that they could have that kind of local service economy.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™.
07:30
The desire of people to get it right is there.
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ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื.
07:35
We just have to get the planners on board and the politicians.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื.
07:38
All right. Some technical planning stuff.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื.
07:42
Chongqing is a city of 30 million people.
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ืฆ'ื•ื ื’ืฆ'ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืช 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:46
It's almost as big as California.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
07:48
This is a small growth area.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืงื˜ืŸ.
07:50
They wanted us to test the alternative to sprawl
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ
07:53
in several cities across China.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืŸ.
07:56
This is for four-and-a-half million people.
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ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 4 ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:00
What the takeaway from this image is,
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื
08:02
every one of those circles is a walking radius
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
08:04
around a transit station --
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื—ื ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” -
08:07
massive investment in metro and BRT,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื• ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื”,
08:10
and a distribution that allows everybody
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ื•ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“
08:13
to work within walking distance of that.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžืฉื.
08:15
The red area, this is a blow-up.
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื–ื” ื ื™ืคื•ื—.
08:18
All of a sudden, our principles called for green space
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืง
08:21
preserving the important ecological features.
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ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
08:24
And then those other streets in there are auto-free streets.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื ืืœื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ืจื›ื‘.
08:29
So instead of bulldozing, leveling the site
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื—ืคื•ืจ,ืœืคื™ืœื•ืก ื”ืืชืจ
08:32
and building right up to the river,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืคืช ื”ื ื”ืจ,
08:35
this green edge was something that really wasn't normative in China
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ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
08:39
until these set of practices
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ืขื“ ืฉืกื“ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช
08:41
began experimentation there.
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ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื
08:44
The urban fabric, small blocks,
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ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
08:46
maybe 500 families per block.
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ืื•ืœื™ 500 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ืง.
08:49
They know each other.
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ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
08:50
The street perimeter has shops
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ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช
08:53
so there's local destinations.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
08:55
And the streets themselves become smaller,
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ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:57
because there are more of them.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.
08:59
Very simple,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“,
09:00
straightforward urban design.
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
09:03
Now, here you have something I dearly love.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
09:06
Think of the logic.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
09:08
If only a third of the people have cars,
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ืื ืจืง ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
09:10
why do we give 100 percent of our streets to cars?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฆื™ื 100 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช?
09:14
What if we gave 70 percent of the streets
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ืžื” ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ 70% ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
09:17
to car-free, to everybody else,
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ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:20
so that the transit could move well for them,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื,
09:22
so that they could walk, so they could bike?
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ื›ื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื?
09:24
Why not have --
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ืœืžื” ืœื --
09:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:27
geographic equity
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ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
09:29
in our circulation system?
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•?
09:32
And quite frankly, cities would function better.
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืขืจื™ื ื™ืชืคืงื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:36
No matter what they do,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื•,
09:37
no matter how many ring roads they build in Beijing,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’,
09:40
they just can't overcome complete gridlock.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืงืง ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืœื.
09:43
So this is an auto-free street, mixed use along the edge.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆื”.
09:47
It has transit running down the middle.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ืชื™ื‘ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
09:49
I'm happy to make that transit autonomous vehicles,
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
09:52
but maybe I'll have a chance to talk about that later.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:55
So there are seven principles that have now been adopted
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืžืฆื ื•
09:59
by the highest levels in the Chinese government,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื™ืŸ,
10:01
and they're moving to implement them.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื.
10:03
And they're simple,
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ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
10:04
and they are globally, I think, universal principles.
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ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
10:07
One is to preserve the natural environment, the history
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
10:11
and the critical agriculture.
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ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช.
10:14
Second is mix.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘.
10:15
Mixed use is popular, but when I say mixed,
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘,
10:18
I mean mixed incomes, mixed age groups
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช
10:20
as well as mixed-land use.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงืจืงืข.
10:24
Walk.
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ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
10:25
There's no great city that you don't enjoy walking in.
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ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”.
10:28
You don't go there.
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ืืชื ืœื ืชืœื›ื• ืœืฉื.
10:29
The places you go on vacation are places you can walk.
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ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื”ื.
10:32
Why not make it everywhere?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื?
10:34
Bike is the most efficient means of transportation we know.
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ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
10:38
China has now adopted policies that put six meters of bike lane
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ืกื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืฆื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืงืฆื” 6 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
10:42
on every street.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘.
10:43
They're serious about getting back to their biking history.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
10:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:48
Complicated planner-ese here:
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ.
10:51
connect.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ..
10:52
It's a street network that allows many routes
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ื–ืืช ืจืฉืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
10:56
instead of singular routes
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื ื™ื™ื
10:57
and provides many kinds of streets instead of just one.
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ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืื—ื“.
11:02
Ride.
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ื ืกื™ืขื”.
11:03
We have to invest more in transit.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
11:06
There's no silver bullet.
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ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—ืช ืงืกื.
11:08
Autonomous vehicles are not going to solve this for us.
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ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
11:11
As a matter of fact, they're going to generate more traffic, more VMT,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืง"ืž ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืจื›ื‘
11:16
than the alternative.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
11:17
And focus.
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ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช.
11:18
We have a hierarchy of the city based on transit
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
11:23
rather than the old armature of freeways.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
11:26
It's a big paradigm shift,
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
11:29
but those two things have to get reconnected
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
11:31
in ways that really shape the structure of the city.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ.
11:37
So I'm very hopeful.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืœื ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
11:39
In California, the United States, China -- these changes are well accepted.
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ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืกื™ืŸ - ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื.
11:44
I'm hopeful for two reasons.
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ืื ื™ ืžืœื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
11:46
One is, most people get it.
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ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
11:49
They understand intrinsically
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ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
11:50
what a great city can and should be.
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ืื™ืš ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
11:53
The second is that the kind of analysis we can bring to bear now
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
11:58
allows people to connect the dots,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
12:01
allows people to shape political coalitions
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
12:04
that didn't exist in the past.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
12:06
That allows them to bring into being the kinds of communities we all need.
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
12:10
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:19
Chris Anderson: So, OK: autonomous driving, self-driving cars.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื–, ื‘ืกื“ืจ: ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
12:23
A lot of people here are very excited about them.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ืš.
12:27
What are your concerns or issues about them?
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ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš?
12:30
Peter Calthorpe: Well, I think there's almost too much hype here.
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ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืงืœืชื•ืจืค: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช.
12:33
First is, everybody says we're going to get rid of a lot of cars.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:37
What they don't say is you're going to get a lot more vehicle miles.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืง"ืž ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืจื›ื‘.
12:40
You're going to get a lot more cars moving on streets.
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ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:42
There will be more congestion.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžืก,
12:44
CA: Because they're so appealing --
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ื›.ื: ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช --
12:47
you can drive while reading or sleeping.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ืื• ืฉื™ื ื”.
12:49
PC: Well, a couple of reasons.
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ืค.ืง.: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
12:50
One is, if they're privately owned, people will travel greater distances.
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ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืกืขื• ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:54
It'll be a new lease on life to sprawl.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื.
12:56
If you can work on your way to work,
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
12:58
you can live in more remote locations.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:00
It'll revitalize sprawl
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื•ืจ
13:03
in a way that I'm deeply frightened.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“.
13:05
Taxis:
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ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช:
13:07
about 50 percent of the surveys say that people won't share them.
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ื› -50% ืžื”ืกืงืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉืชืคื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
13:11
If they don't share them,
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ื•ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ืฉืชืคื• ืื•ืชืŸ,
13:12
you can end up with a 90 percent increase in vehicle miles traveled.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ 90% ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืง"ืž ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืจื›ื‘.
13:18
If you share them,
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ืื ืชืฉืชืคื• ืื•ืชืŸ,
13:19
you're still at around a 30 percent increase in VMT.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 30% ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืง"ืž ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืจื›ื‘.
13:23
CA: Sharing them, meaning having multiple people riding at once
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ื›.ื.: ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช
13:26
in some sort of intelligent ride-sharing?
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ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื”?
13:28
PC: Yeah, so the Uber share without a steering wheel.
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ืค.ืง.: ื›ืŸ, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื•ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื’ื”.
13:30
The reality is, the efficiency of vehicles -- you can do it
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
13:34
with or without a steering wheel, it doesn't matter.
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ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื’ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื”.
13:37
They claim they're the only ones that are going to be efficient electric,
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ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
13:40
but that's not true.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:42
But the real bottom line is that walking, biking and transit
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
13:45
are the way cities and communities thrive.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช.
13:48
And putting people in their private bubbles,
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ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
13:51
whether they have a steering wheel or not,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื’ื” ืื• ืœื,
13:53
is the wrong direction.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:55
And quite frankly,
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช,
13:56
the image of an AV on its way to McDonald's to pick up a pack
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ืžืจืื” ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืœืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“'ืก ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืื•ื•ื™
14:02
without its owner,
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ืœืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื,
14:04
just being sent off on these kind of random errands
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื
14:07
is really frightening to me.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™.
14:09
CA: Well, thank you for that, and I have to say, the images you showed
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ื›.ื.: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืื™ืช
14:12
of those mixed-use streets were really inspiring, really beautiful.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื”, ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื•ืช.
14:15
PC: Thank you. CA: Thank you for your work.
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ืค.ืง.: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ื›.ื.: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš.
14:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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