Mitchell Besser: Mothers helping mothers fight HIV

18,435 views ใƒป 2010-09-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Oren Szekatch
00:16
I want you to take a trip with me.
0
16260
2000
ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืกืข.
00:18
Picture yourself driving
1
18260
2000
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื
00:20
down a small road in Africa,
2
20260
2000
ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฆืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:22
and as you drive along, you look off to the side,
3
22260
3000
ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
00:25
and this is what you see:
4
25260
2000
ื•ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื?
00:27
you see a field of graves.
5
27260
2000
ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืจื™ื.
00:29
And you stop, and you get out of your car and you take a picture.
6
29260
2000
ืืชื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืฆืœืžื™ื.
00:31
And you go into the town,
7
31260
2000
ืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”
00:33
and you inquire, "What's going on here?"
8
33260
2000
ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?"
00:35
and people are initially reluctant to tell you.
9
35260
2000
ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœืขื ื•ืช.
00:37
And then someone says,
10
37260
2000
ื•ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ,
00:39
"These are the recent AIDS deaths in our community."
11
39260
3000
"ืืœื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•."
00:43
HIV isn't like other medical conditions;
12
43260
2000
HIV ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื -
00:45
it's stigmatizing.
13
45260
2000
ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
00:47
People are reluctant to talk about it --
14
47260
3000
ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
00:50
there's a fear associated with it.
15
50260
2000
ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืคื—ื“.
00:52
And I'm going to talk about HIV today,
16
52260
2000
ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ HIV,
00:54
about the deaths,
17
54260
2000
ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืช,
00:56
about the stigma.
18
56260
2000
ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
00:58
It's a medical story, but more than that, it's a social story.
19
58260
3000
ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš - ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
01:03
This map depicts the global distribution of HIV.
20
63260
3000
ืžืคื” ื–ื” ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ HIV.
01:06
And as you can see,
21
66260
2000
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช,
01:08
Africa has a disproportionate share of the infection.
22
68260
2000
ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™.
01:10
There are 33 million people
23
70260
2000
ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื 33 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ
01:12
living with HIV in the world today.
24
72260
2000
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื HIV.
01:14
Of these, two-thirds, 22 million
25
74260
3000
ืžืชื•ื›ื, ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ, 22 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
01:17
are living in sub-Saharan Africa.
26
77260
3000
ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”.
01:20
There are 1.4 million pregnant women
27
80260
3000
ื™ืฉื ืŸ 1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ืช
01:23
in low- and middle-income countries living with HIV
28
83260
3000
ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช.
01:26
and of these, 90 percent
29
86260
2000
90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ
01:28
are in sub-Saharan Africa.
30
88260
3000
ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”.
01:32
We talk about things in relative terms.
31
92260
2000
ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื™ื.
01:34
And I'm going to talk about annual pregnancies
32
94260
2000
ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
01:36
and HIV-positive mothers.
33
96260
2000
ื•ืฉืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV.
01:38
The United States -- a large country --
34
98260
2000
ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” -
01:40
each year, 7,000 mothers with HIV
35
100260
3000
7,000 ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV
01:43
who give birth to a child.
36
103260
3000
ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
01:46
But you go to Rwanda -- a very small country --
37
106260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” - ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืช -
01:49
8,000 mothers with HIV who are pregnant.
38
109260
3000
8,000 ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
01:53
And then you go to Baragwanath Hospital,
39
113260
3000
ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ื‘ืจื’ื•ื•ืื ืช,
01:56
outside of Johannesburg in South Africa,
40
116260
2000
ื”ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” -
01:59
and 8,000 HIV-positive pregnant women
41
119260
2000
ื™ืฉื ืŸ 8,000 ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
02:01
giving birth --
42
121260
2000
ืฉื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช --
02:03
a hospital the same as a country.
43
123260
3000
ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:06
And to realize that this is just the tip of an iceberg
44
126260
3000
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
02:09
that when you compare
45
129260
2000
ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื’ืžื“ ื›ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืžื”
02:11
everything here to South Africa, it just pales,
46
131260
2000
ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
02:13
because in South Africa,
47
133260
3000
ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
02:16
each year 300,000 mothers with HIV
48
136260
3000
300 ืืœืฃ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV
02:19
give birth to children.
49
139260
2000
ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
02:23
So we talk about PMTCT,
50
143260
2000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ PMTCT -
02:25
and we refer to PMTCT, prevention of mother to child transmission.
51
145260
3000
ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืžืืžื ืœื™ืœื•ื“.
02:28
I think there's an assumption amongst most people in the public
52
148260
3000
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื™ื—
02:31
that if a mother is HIV-positive,
53
151260
2000
ืฉืื ื”ืื ื ืฉืื™ืช HIV
02:33
she's going to infect her child.
54
153260
2000
ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื”.
02:35
The reality is really, very different.
55
155260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:38
In resource-rich countries,
56
158260
2000
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
02:40
with all the tests and treatment we currently have,
57
160260
2000
ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื,
02:42
less than two percent of babies are born HIV-positive --
58
162260
3000
ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืขื HIV.
02:45
98 percent of babies are born HIV-negative.
59
165260
3000
98 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ HIV.
02:49
And yet, the reality in resource-poor countries,
60
169260
2000
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
02:51
in the absence of tests and treatment,
61
171260
2000
ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื,
02:53
40 percent -- 40 percent of children are infected --
62
173260
3000
40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื’ื•ืขื™ื -
02:56
40 percent versus two percent --
63
176260
2000
40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 2 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื -
02:58
an enormous difference.
64
178260
2000
ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืฆื•ื.
03:00
So these programs --
65
180260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
03:02
and I'm going to refer to PMTCT though my talk --
66
182260
2000
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื–ื• ืœ-PMTCT,
03:04
these prevention programs,
67
184260
2000
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ื”ืืœื•,
03:06
simply, they're the tests and the drugs that we give to mothers
68
186260
3000
ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช - ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืืžื”ื•ืช
03:09
to prevent them from infecting their babies,
69
189260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
03:12
and also the medicines we give to mothers
70
192260
2000
ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืืžื”ื•ืช
03:14
to keep them healthy and alive to raise their children.
71
194260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ.
03:16
So it's the test a mother gets when she comes in.
72
196260
2000
ืื ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืืžื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช.
03:18
It's the drugs she receives
73
198260
2000
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช
03:20
to protect the baby that's inside the uterus and during delivery.
74
200260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
03:23
It's the guidance she gets around infant feeding
75
203260
2000
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืื›ืœืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
03:25
and safer sex.
76
205260
2000
ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
03:27
It's an entire package of services,
77
207260
3000
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœืžื”,
03:30
and it works.
78
210260
2000
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
03:32
So in the United States,
79
212260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
03:34
since the advent of treatment in the middle of the 1990s,
80
214260
3000
ืžืื– ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1990,
03:37
there's been an 80-percent decline
81
217260
2000
ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
03:39
in the number of HIV-infected children.
82
219260
2000
ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘-HIV.
03:41
Less than 100 babies are born with HIV
83
221260
2000
ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžืื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืขื HIV
03:43
each year in the United States
84
223260
2000
ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
03:45
and yet, still,
85
225260
2000
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
03:47
over 400,000 children
86
227260
3000
ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-400 ืืœืฃ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
03:50
are born every year in the world today with HIV.
87
230260
3000
ืขื HIV ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
03:54
What does that mean?
88
234260
2000
ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ?
03:56
It means 1,100 children infected each day --
89
236260
3000
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉ-1,100 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื -
03:59
1,100 children each day, infected with HIV.
90
239260
3000
1,100 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘-HIV.
04:02
And where do they come from?
91
242260
2000
ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื?
04:04
Well, less than one comes from the United States.
92
244260
3000
ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืืจื”"ื‘.
04:08
One, on average, comes from Europe.
93
248260
3000
ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
04:12
100 come from Asia and the Pacific.
94
252260
3000
ืžืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืืกื™ื” ื•ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
04:16
And each day,
95
256260
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
04:18
a thousand babies -- a thousand babies
96
258260
3000
ืืœืฃ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช... ืืœืฃ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
04:21
are born each day with HIV in Africa.
97
261260
3000
ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื HIV ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
04:26
So again, I look at the globe here
98
266260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
04:28
and the disproportionate share of HIV in Africa.
99
268260
3000
ื•ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘-HIV.
04:31
And let's look at another map.
100
271260
2000
ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
04:33
And here, again, we see
101
273260
2000
ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ -
04:35
Africa has a disproportionate share of the numbers of doctors.
102
275260
3000
ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™.
04:38
That thin sliver you see here, that's Africa.
103
278260
3000
ืคืก ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
04:41
And it's the same with nurses.
104
281260
3000
ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:44
The truth is sub-Saharan Africa
105
284260
2000
ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”
04:46
has 24 percent
106
286260
2000
ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
04:48
of the global disease burden
107
288260
2000
ื”ื•ื 24 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
04:50
and yet only three percent of the world's health care workers.
108
290260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ืจืง 3 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
04:53
That means doctors and nurses
109
293260
2000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช
04:55
simply don't have the time to take care of patients.
110
295260
3000
ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:58
A nurse in a busy clinic
111
298260
2000
ืื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ืขืžื•ืกื”
05:00
will see 50 to 100 patients in a day,
112
300260
2000
ืจื•ืื” 50 ืขื“ 100 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
05:02
which leaves her just minutes per patient --
113
302260
2000
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ
05:04
minutes per patient.
114
304260
2000
ืจืง ื“ืงื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
05:06
And so when we look at these PMTCT programs, what does it mean?
115
306260
3000
ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”-PMTCT?
05:09
Well, back in 2001,
116
309260
2000
ื‘-2001
05:11
when there was just a simple test
117
311260
2000
ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
05:13
and a single dose of a drug,
118
313260
2000
ื•ืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื”.
05:15
a nurse, in the course of her few minutes with a patient,
119
315260
3000
ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”
05:18
would have to counsel for the HIV test, perform the HIV test,
120
318260
3000
ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”-HIV, ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืชื”,
05:21
explain the results, dispense a single dose of the drug, Nevirapine,
121
321260
3000
ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” - ื ื‘ื™ืจืคื™ืŸ,
05:24
explain how to take it, discuss infant feeding options, reinforce infant feeding,
122
324260
3000
ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื”, ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ,
05:27
and test the baby -- in minutes.
123
327260
3000
ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง - ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช.
05:30
Well, fortunately since 2001,
124
330260
2000
ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืžืื– 2001
05:32
we've got new treatments, new tests,
125
332260
2000
ื™ืฉื ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
05:34
and we're far more successful,
126
334260
2000
ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื“ืœื”.
05:36
but we don't have any more nurses.
127
336260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื™ื•ืช.
05:38
And so these are the tests
128
338260
3000
ืืœื• ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช
05:41
a nurse now has to do
129
341260
2000
ืฉืขืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืš
05:43
in those same few minutes.
130
343260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืงื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช.
05:45
It's not possible --
131
345260
2000
ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
05:47
it doesn't work.
132
347260
2000
ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
05:49
And so we need to find
133
349260
2000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื
05:51
better ways of providing care.
134
351260
3000
ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:56
This is a picture of a maternal health clinic in Africa --
135
356260
3000
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืคืื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
05:59
mothers coming, pregnant and with their babies.
136
359260
3000
ืืœื™ื” ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
06:02
These women are here for care,
137
362260
2000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
06:04
but we know that just doing a test,
138
364260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
06:06
just giving someone a drug,
139
366260
2000
ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื”
06:08
it's not enough.
140
368260
3000
ื”ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืกืคืง.
06:11
Meds don't equal medical care.
141
371260
3000
ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™.
06:14
Doctors and nurses, frankly,
142
374260
2000
ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช
06:16
don't have the time or skills
143
376260
2000
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
06:18
to tell people what to do in ways they understand.
144
378260
2000
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
06:20
I'm a doctor -- I tell people things to do,
145
380260
3000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื. ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช,
06:23
and I expect them to follow my guidance --
146
383260
2000
ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืžื”ื ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชืŸ,
06:25
because I'm a doctor; I went to Harvard --
147
385260
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“.
06:27
but the reality is,
148
387260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ
06:29
if I tell a patient, "You should have safer sex.
149
389260
2000
ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช, "ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
06:31
You should always use a condom,"
150
391260
2000
ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื ื“ื•ื,"
06:33
and yet, in her relationship, she's not empowered --
151
393260
3000
ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื” -
06:36
what's going to happen?
152
396260
2000
ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”?
06:38
If I tell her to take her medicines every day
153
398260
3000
ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
06:41
and yet, no one in the household knows about her illness, so
154
401260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื”,
06:44
it's just not going to work.
155
404260
3000
ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
06:47
And so we need to do more,
156
407260
2000
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:49
we need to do it differently,
157
409260
2000
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”,
06:51
we need to do it in ways that are affordable
158
411260
3000
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘,
06:54
and accessible and can be taken to scale,
159
414260
2000
ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ืŸ,
06:56
which means it can be done everywhere.
160
416260
3000
ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
06:59
So, I want to tell you a story --
161
419260
3000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
07:02
I want to take you on a little trip.
162
422260
2000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ.
07:04
Imagine yourself, if you can,
163
424260
2000
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื
07:06
you're a young woman in Africa, you're going to the hospital or clinic.
164
426260
3000
ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™"ื— ืื• ืœืžืจืคืื”.
07:09
You go in for a test
165
429260
2000
ืืชื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”,
07:11
and you find out that you're pregnant, and you're delighted.
166
431260
2000
ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืชื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
07:13
And then they give you another test
167
433260
2000
ื•ืื– ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
07:15
and they tell you you're HIV-positive, and you're devastated.
168
435260
3000
ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉืืชื ื ืฉืื™ HIV ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื.
07:18
And the nurse takes you into a room,
169
438260
2000
ื•ื”ืื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืชื›ื ืœื—ื“ืจ
07:20
and she tells you about the tests
170
440260
2000
ื•ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช
07:22
and HIV and the medicines you can take
171
442260
2000
ื•ืขืœ HIV ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ
07:24
and how to take care of yourself and your baby,
172
444260
2000
ื•ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื›ื,
07:26
and you hear none of it.
173
446260
2000
ื•ืืชื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื›ืœื•ื.
07:28
All you're hearing is, "I'm going to die,
174
448260
2000
ืืชื ืจืง ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, "ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืžื•ืช,
07:30
and my baby is going to die."
175
450260
2000
ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžื•ืช."
07:32
And then you're out on the street, and you don't know where to go.
176
452260
2000
ื•ืื– ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช,
07:34
And you don't know who you can talk to,
177
454260
2000
ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื ืžื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
07:36
because the truth is, HIV is so stigmatizing
178
456260
3000
ื›ื™ ื”-HIV ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืจืื”.
07:39
that if you partner, your family, anyone in your home,
179
459260
3000
ื•ืื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืข -
07:42
you're likely to be thrown out
180
462260
2000
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื–ืจืงื• ืืชื›ื ืœืจื—ื•ื‘
07:44
without any means of support.
181
464260
2000
ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื”.
07:46
And this -- this is the face and story
182
466260
2000
ืืœื• ื”ื ืคื ื™ ื”-HIV ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•
07:48
of HIV in Africa today.
183
468260
3000
ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช.
07:51
But we're here to talk about possible solutions
184
471260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
07:54
and some good news.
185
474260
2000
ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
07:56
And I want to change the story a little bit.
186
476260
3000
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
07:59
Take the same mother, and the nurse, after she gives her her test,
187
479260
3000
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืืžื. ื”ืคืขื, ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
08:02
takes her to a room.
188
482260
2000
ื”ืื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื“ืจ.
08:04
The door opens and there's a room full of mothers, mothers with babies,
189
484260
3000
ื”ื“ืœืช ื ืคืชื—ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช. ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
08:07
and they're sitting, and they're talking, they're listening.
190
487260
2000
ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:09
They're drinking tea, they're having sandwiches.
191
489260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื•ืช ืชื”, ื”ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื.
08:12
And she goes inside, and woman comes up to her and says,
192
492260
2000
ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื—ื“ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉื” ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช,
08:14
"Welcome to mothers2mothers.
193
494260
2000
"ื‘ืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœ-mothers2mothers.
08:16
Have a seat. You're safe here.
194
496260
3000
ืืช ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช. ืืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื›ืืŸ.
08:19
We're all HIV-positive.
195
499260
2000
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV.
08:21
You're going to be okay. You're going to live.
196
501260
3000
ืืช ืชื”ื™ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืืช ืชื—ื™ื™.
08:24
Your baby is going to be HIV-negative."
197
504260
3000
ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื HIV."
08:29
We view mothers
198
509260
2000
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช
08:31
as a community's single greatest resource.
199
511260
2000
ื›ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
08:33
Mothers take care of the children, take care of the home.
200
513260
3000
ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
08:36
So often the men are gone.
201
516260
2000
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื.
08:38
They're working, or they're not part of the household.
202
518260
3000
ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
08:41
Our organization, mothers2mothers,
203
521260
2000
ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, mothers2mothers,
08:43
enlists women with HIV
204
523260
2000
ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV
08:45
as care providers.
205
525260
2000
ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
08:47
We bring mothers who have HIV,
206
527260
2000
ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV,
08:49
who've been through these PMTCT programs
207
529260
2000
ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”-PMTCT,
08:51
in the very facilities,
208
531260
2000
ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ื˜ื•ืคืœื•,
08:53
to come back and work side by side with doctors and nurses
209
533260
3000
ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช
08:56
as part of the health care team.
210
536260
2000
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
08:58
These mothers, we call them mentor mothers,
211
538260
3000
ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
09:01
are able to engage women
212
541260
2000
ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื ืฉื™ื
09:03
who, just like themselves, pregnant with babies,
213
543260
2000
ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืช,
09:05
have found out about being HIV-positive,
214
545260
2000
ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV,
09:07
who need support and education.
215
547260
3000
ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
09:10
And they support them around the diagnosis
216
550260
2000
ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ
09:12
and educate them about how to take their medicines,
217
552260
2000
ื•ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
09:14
how to take care of themselves,
218
554260
2000
ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ,
09:16
how to take care of their babies.
219
556260
3000
ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:19
Consider: if you needed surgery,
220
559260
3000
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— -
09:22
you would want the best possible technical surgeon, right?
221
562260
3000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ืชื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:26
But if you wanted to understand
222
566260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:28
what that surgery would do to your life,
223
568260
2000
ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื,
09:30
you'd like to engage someone,
224
570260
2000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
09:32
someone who's had the procedure.
225
572260
2000
ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
09:34
Patients are experts on their own experience,
226
574260
3000
ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:37
and they can share that experience with others.
227
577260
3000
ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:41
This is the medical care that goes beyond just medicines.
228
581260
3000
ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
09:45
So the mothers who work for us,
229
585260
2000
ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื•
09:47
they come from the communities in which they work.
230
587260
2000
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:49
They're hired -- they're paid as professional members of the health care teams,
231
589260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื›ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื,
09:52
just like doctors and nurses.
232
592260
2000
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช.
09:54
And we open bank accounts for them
233
594260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืง,
09:56
and they're paid directly into the accounts,
234
596260
2000
ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ
09:58
because their money's protected;
235
598260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื•ื’ืŸ -
10:00
the men can't take it away from them.
236
600260
3000
ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืŸ.
10:03
They go through two to three weeks
237
603260
2000
ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
10:05
of rigorous curriculum-based education, training.
238
605260
3000
ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช.
10:08
Now, doctors and nurses -- they too get trained.
239
608260
3000
ื’ื ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
10:11
But so often, they only get trained once,
240
611260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช
10:13
so they're not aware of new medicines,
241
613260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
10:15
new guidelines as they come out.
242
615260
2000
ื•ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
10:17
Our mentor mothers get trained every single year
243
617260
2000
ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
10:19
and retrained.
244
619260
2000
ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช.
10:21
And so doctors and nurses --
245
621260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช
10:23
they look up to them as experts.
246
623260
3000
ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช.
10:26
Imagine that: a woman, a former patient,
247
626260
3000
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื: ืื™ืฉื”, ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ,
10:29
being able to educate her doctor for the first time
248
629260
2000
ื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื”
10:31
and educate the other patients
249
631260
2000
ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
10:33
that she's taking care of.
250
633260
2000
ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื”ืŸ.
10:36
Our organization has three goals.
251
636260
2000
ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช.
10:38
The first, to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
252
638260
3000
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืžืืžื ืœื™ืœื•ื“.
10:42
The second: keep mothers healthy, keep mothers alive,
253
642260
3000
ื”ืฉื ื™ื” - ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
10:45
keep the children alive --
254
645260
2000
ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
10:47
no more orphans.
255
647260
2000
ืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื.
10:49
And the third, and maybe the most grand,
256
649260
3000
ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ,
10:52
is to find ways to empower women,
257
652260
3000
ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
10:56
enable them to fight the stigma
258
656260
2000
ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”
10:58
and to live positive and productive lives with HIV.
259
658260
3000
ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”-HIV.
11:02
So how do we do it?
260
662260
2000
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื–ืืช?
11:04
Well, maybe the most important engagement
261
664260
2000
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื
11:06
is the one-to-one,
262
666260
2000
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืช -
11:08
seeing patients one-to-one, educating them, supporting them,
263
668260
3000
ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืช, ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื“ืข, ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืŸ,
11:11
explaining how they can take care of themselves.
264
671260
3000
ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
11:14
We go beyond that;
265
674260
2000
ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš -
11:16
we try to bring in the husbands, the partners.
266
676260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’.
11:19
In Africa, it's very, very hard to engage men.
267
679260
3000
ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:22
Men are not frequently part of pregnancy care.
268
682260
3000
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
11:26
But in Rwanda, in one country,
269
686260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” - ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช -
11:28
they've got a policy
270
688260
2000
ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
11:30
that a woman can't come for care
271
690260
2000
ืฉืืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื
11:32
unless she brings the father of the baby with her --
272
692260
2000
ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
11:34
that's the rule.
273
694260
2000
ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืง.
11:36
And so the father and the mother, together,
274
696260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื‘ื ื•ื”ืืžื, ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
11:38
go through the counseling and the testing.
275
698260
3000
ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
11:41
The father and the mother, together, they get the results.
276
701260
2000
ื”ืื‘ื ื•ื”ืืžื, ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
11:43
And this is so important in breaking through the stigma.
277
703260
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
11:47
Disclosure is so central to prevention.
278
707260
3000
ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
11:50
How do you have safer sex, how do you use a condom regularly
279
710260
3000
ืื™ืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื“ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข
11:53
if there hasn't been disclosure?
280
713260
2000
ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ?
11:55
Disclosure is so important to treatment,
281
715260
3000
ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
11:58
because again, people need the support of family members and friends
282
718260
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื
12:01
to take their medicines regularly.
283
721260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
12:04
We also work in groups.
284
724260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
12:06
Now the groups, it's not like me lecturing,
285
726260
2000
ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื›ื”ืจืฆืื”.
12:08
but what happens is women, they come together --
286
728260
3000
ื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉื•ืช
12:11
under the support and guidance of our mentor mothers --
287
731260
2000
ืชื—ืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:13
they come together, and they share their personal experiences.
288
733260
3000
ื”ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื.
12:16
And it's through the sharing
289
736260
2000
ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ
12:18
that people get tactics of how to take care of themselves,
290
738260
2000
ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ,
12:20
how to disclose how to take medicines.
291
740260
3000
ืื™ืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
12:24
And then there's the community outreach,
292
744260
2000
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” -
12:26
engaging women in their communities.
293
746260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
12:29
If we can change the way
294
749260
2000
ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช
12:31
households believe and think,
295
751260
2000
ื•ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
12:33
we can change the way communities believe and think.
296
753260
3000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.
12:36
And if we can change enough communities,
297
756260
2000
ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
12:38
we can change national attitudes.
298
758260
2000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
12:40
We can change national attitudes to women
299
760260
2000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื
12:42
and national attitudes to HIV.
300
762260
3000
ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœ-HIV.
12:45
The hardest barrier really is around stigma reduction.
301
765260
2000
ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
12:47
We have the medicines, we have the tests,
302
767260
2000
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
12:49
but how do you reduce the stigma?
303
769260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”?
12:52
And it's important about disclosure.
304
772260
2000
ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
12:54
So, a couple years ago, one of the mentor mothers came back,
305
774260
2000
ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช
12:56
and she told me a story.
306
776260
2000
ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
12:58
She had been asked by one of the clients
307
778260
2000
ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืžื ื”
13:00
to go to the home of the client,
308
780260
2000
ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
13:02
because the client wanted to tell the mother and her brothers and sisters
309
782260
3000
ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ืฉืœื” ื•ืœืื—ื™ื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
13:05
about her HIV status,
310
785260
2000
ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”-HIV ืฉืœื”,
13:07
and she was afraid to go by herself.
311
787260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื“ื”.
13:09
And so the mentor mother went along with.
312
789260
2000
ื”ืืžื-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื”.
13:11
And the patient walked into the house
313
791260
2000
ื•ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื ื›ื ืกื” ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
13:13
and said to her mother and siblings,
314
793260
3000
ื•ืืžืจื” ืœืืžื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
13:16
"I have something to tell you. I'm HIV-positive."
315
796260
3000
"ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื ื™ ื ืฉืื™ืช HIV."
13:19
And everybody was quiet.
316
799260
2000
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืชืงื•.
13:21
And then her oldest brother stood up and said,
317
801260
2000
ื•ืื– ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืงื ื•ืืžืจ,
13:23
"I too have something to tell you.
318
803260
2000
"ื’ื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืกืคืจ.
13:25
I'm HIV-positive.
319
805260
2000
ืื ื™ ื ืฉื HIV.
13:27
I've been afraid to tell everybody."
320
807260
2000
ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืœืกืคืจ."
13:30
And then this older sister stood up and said,
321
810260
2000
ื•ืื– ืื—ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืงืžื” ื•ืืžืจื”,
13:32
"I too am living with the virus,
322
812260
3000
"ื’ื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
13:35
and I've been ashamed."
323
815260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉืชื™."
13:37
And then her younger brother stood up and said,
324
817260
3000
ื•ืื– ื”ืื— ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืงื ื•ืืžืจ,
13:40
"I'm also positive.
325
820260
2000
"ื’ื ืื ื™ ื ืฉื.
13:42
I thought you were going to throw me out of the family."
326
822260
2000
ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉืชื–ืจืงื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”."
13:44
And you see where this is going.
327
824260
2000
ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
13:46
The last sister stood up and said, "I'm also positive.
328
826260
2000
ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืงืžื” ื•ืืžืจื”, "ื’ื ืื ื™ ื ืฉืื™ืช.
13:48
I thought you were going to hate me."
329
828260
2000
ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉืชืฉื ืื• ืื•ืชื™."
13:50
And there they were, all of them together for the first time
330
830260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“
13:52
being able to share this experience for the first time
331
832260
3000
ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
13:55
and to support each other for the first time.
332
835260
3000
ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืชืžื™ื›ื”.
13:58
(Video) Female Narrator: Women come to us,
333
838260
2000
[ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•] ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืช: ื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•
14:00
and they are crying and scared.
334
840260
3000
ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
14:03
I tell them my story,
335
843260
2000
ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™,
14:05
that I am HIV-positive,
336
845260
3000
ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืื™ืช HIV,
14:08
but my child is HIV-negative.
337
848260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืฉื.
14:11
I tell them, "You are going to make it,
338
851260
3000
ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ืŸ, "ืืชืŸ ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื•
14:14
and you will raise a healthy baby."
339
854260
3000
ื•ืชื’ื“ืœื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื."
14:18
I am proof that there is hope.
340
858260
3000
ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
14:24
Mitchell Besser: Remember the images I showed you
341
864260
2000
ืžื™ื˜ืฉืœ ื‘ืกืจ: ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื
14:26
of how few doctors and nurses there are in Africa.
342
866260
2000
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื‘ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
14:28
And it is a crisis in health care systems.
343
868260
3000
ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
14:31
Even as we have more tests and more drugs,
344
871260
2000
ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
14:33
we can't reach people; we don't have enough providers.
345
873260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื.
14:35
So we talk in terms of what we call task-shifting.
346
875260
2000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช.
14:37
Task-shifting is traditionally
347
877260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช
14:39
when you take health care services from one provider
348
879260
2000
ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื”
14:41
and have another provider do it.
349
881260
2000
ืžืžื’ื–ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ืื—ืจ.
14:43
Typically, it's a doctor giving a job to a nurse.
350
883260
2000
ื‘ื“"ื› ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช.
14:45
And the issue in Africa
351
885260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
14:47
is that there are fewer nurses, really than doctors,
352
887260
2000
ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืคืื™ื,
14:49
and so we need to find new paradigm for health care.
353
889260
3000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืื—ืจ.
14:52
How do you build a better health care system?
354
892260
3000
ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจืคื•ืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
14:55
We've chosen to redefine the health care system
355
895260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”
14:57
as a doctor, a nurse and a mentor mother.
356
897260
2000
ื›ืจื•ืคื, ืื—ื•ืช ื•ืืžื-ื™ื•ืขืฆืช.
14:59
And so what nurses do
357
899260
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช
15:01
is that they ask the mentor mothers to explain
358
901260
2000
ืžื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
15:03
how to take the drugs, the side effects.
359
903260
2000
ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™.
15:05
They delegate education about infant feeding,
360
905260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื›ืœืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
15:08
family planning, safer sex,
361
908260
2000
ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— -
15:10
actions that nurses simple just don't have time for.
362
910260
3000
ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
15:15
So we go back to the prevention of mother to child transmission.
363
915260
3000
ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืžืืžื ืœื™ืœื•ื“.
15:18
The world is increasingly seeing these programs
364
918260
2000
ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
15:20
as the bridge to comprehensive maternal and child health.
365
920260
3000
ื›ื’ืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ.
15:23
And our organization
366
923260
2000
ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
15:25
helps women across that bridge.
367
925260
2000
ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”.
15:27
The care doesn't stop when the baby's born --
368
927260
2000
ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื›ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืง ื ื•ืœื“.
15:29
we deal with the ongoing health of the mother and baby,
369
929260
3000
ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
15:32
ensuring that they live healthy,
370
932260
3000
ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื
15:35
successful lives.
371
935260
2000
ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
15:37
Our organization works on three levels.
372
937260
3000
ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช.
15:40
The first, at the patient level --
373
940260
2000
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช - ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช -
15:42
mothers and babies keeping babies from getting HIV,
374
942260
2000
ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ,
15:44
keeping mothers healthy to raise them.
375
944260
3000
ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื.
15:47
The second, communities --
376
947260
2000
ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช -
15:49
empowering women.
377
949260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
15:51
They become leaders within their communities.
378
951260
3000
ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
15:54
They change the way communities think --
379
954260
2000
ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.
15:56
we need to change attitudes to HIV.
380
956260
3000
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœ-HIV.
15:59
We need to change attitudes to women in Africa.
381
959260
2000
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
16:01
We have to do that.
382
961260
2000
ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื•.
16:03
And then rework the level of the health care systems,
383
963260
3000
ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืจืžืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” -
16:06
building stronger health care systems.
384
966260
2000
ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื” ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:08
Our health care systems are broken.
385
968260
2000
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืงืจืกื•.
16:10
They're not going to work the way they're currently designed.
386
970260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชืคืงื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
16:13
And so doctors and nurses
387
973260
2000
ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช,
16:15
who need to try to change people's behaviors
388
975260
2000
ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
16:17
don't have the skills, don't have the time --
389
977260
2000
ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ.
16:19
our mentor mothers do.
390
979260
2000
ืœืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
16:21
And so in redefining the health care teams by bringing the mentor mothers in,
391
981260
3000
ื•ื›ืš ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœืœืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ื”ื
16:24
we can do that.
392
984260
2000
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
16:27
I started the program in Capetown, South Africa
393
987260
3000
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘-2001
16:30
back in 2001.
394
990260
2000
ื‘ืงื™ื™ืคื˜ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
16:32
It was at that point, just the spark of an idea.
395
992260
3000
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืจืง ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
16:35
Referencing Steven Johnson's very lovely speech yesterday
396
995260
3000
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื”ืจืฆืืชื• ื”ืžืœื‘ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืืชืžื•ืœ
16:38
on where ideas come from,
397
998260
3000
ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื -
16:41
I was in the shower at the time --
398
1001260
3000
ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
16:44
I was alone.
399
1004260
2000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™.
16:46
(Laughter)
400
1006260
4000
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
16:50
The program is now working in nine countries,
401
1010260
3000
ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘-9 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
16:53
we have 670 program sites,
402
1013260
3000
ื‘-670 ืืชืจื™ื.
16:56
we're seeing about 230,000
403
1016260
3000
ืื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›-230,000ืืœืฃ
16:59
women every month,
404
1019260
2000
ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
17:01
we're employing 1,600 mentor mothers,
405
1021260
3000
ืื ื• ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื 1,600 ืืžื”ื•ืช-ื™ื•ืขืฆื•ืช.
17:04
and last year, they enrolled
406
1024260
2000
ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืคื’ืฉื•
17:06
300,000 HIV-positive pregnant women and mothers.
407
1026260
3000
300 ืืœืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื”ื•ืช ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช HIV.
17:09
That is 20 percent
408
1029260
3000
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
17:12
of the global HIV-positive pregnant women --
409
1032260
3000
ืžื ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”-HIV ื”ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
17:15
20 percent of the world.
410
1035260
2000
20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
17:17
What's extraordinary is how simple the premise is.
411
1037260
2000
ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
17:19
Mothers with HIV caring for mothers with HIV.
412
1039260
3000
ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื HIV.
17:22
Past patients taking care of present patients.
413
1042260
2000
ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”.
17:24
And empowerment through employment --
414
1044260
2000
ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.
17:26
reducing stigma.
415
1046260
2000
ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื•ืช.
17:28
(Video) Female Narrator: There is hope,
416
1048260
2000
[ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•] ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืช: ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
17:30
hope that one day
417
1050260
2000
ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“
17:32
we shall win this fight
418
1052260
2000
ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืื‘ืง
17:34
against HIV and AIDS.
419
1054260
3000
ื ื’ื“ HIV ื•ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
17:37
Each person must know
420
1057260
2000
ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช
17:39
their HIV status.
421
1059260
3000
ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”-HIV ืฉืœื•.
17:42
Those who are HIV-negative
422
1062260
2000
ืืœื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืฉืื™ื
17:44
must know how to stay negative.
423
1064260
3000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
17:48
Those who are HIV-infected
424
1068260
3000
ื”ื ืฉืื™ื
17:51
must know how
425
1071260
2000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช
17:53
to take care of themselves.
426
1073260
3000
ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
17:56
HIV-positive pregnant women
427
1076260
2000
ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
17:58
must get PMTCT services
428
1078260
3000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”-PMTCT
18:01
in order to have
429
1081260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื“ืช
18:03
HIV-negative babies.
430
1083260
2000
ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ.
18:05
All of this is possible,
431
1085260
3000
ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื,
18:08
if we each contribute to this fight.
432
1088260
3000
ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœืžืื‘ืง.
18:13
MB: Simple solutions to complex problems.
433
1093260
3000
ืžื™ื˜ืฉืœ ื‘ืกืจ: ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
18:16
Mothers caring for mothers.
434
1096260
2000
ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช.
18:18
It's transformational.
435
1098260
2000
ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
18:20
Thank you.
436
1100260
2000
ืชื•ื“ื”.
18:22
(Applause)
437
1102260
2000
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7