The real reason manufacturing jobs are disappearing | Augie Picado

157,218 views ใƒป 2017-09-28

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
When someone mentions Cuba,
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ื”,
00:14
what do you think about?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื?
00:17
Classic, classic cars?
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช? ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื?
00:19
Perhaps good cigars?
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00:21
Maybe you think of a famous baseball player.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื•ืข.
00:23
What about when somebody mentions North Korea?
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ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื™ืื”?
00:25
You think about those missile tests,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื,
00:28
maybe their notorious leader
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”
00:29
or his good friend, Dennis Rodman.
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ืื• ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื ื™ืก ืจื•ื“ืžืŸ?
00:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:33
One thing that likely doesn't come to mind
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ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื” ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืื—ืช
00:36
is a vision of a country,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
00:38
an open economy,
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ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”,
00:40
whose citizens have access to a wide range of affordable consumer products.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
00:47
I'm not here to argue how these countries got to where they are today.
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ืœื ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืชืืจ ืื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื•.
00:51
I simply want to use them as an example of countries and citizens
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
00:55
who have been affected, negatively affected,
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ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื•, ืฉื ืคื’ืขื•,
00:58
by a trade policy that restricts imports
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ืžืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื—ืจ ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื
01:01
and protects local industries.
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ื•ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
01:04
Recently we've heard a number of countries
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
01:07
talk about restricting imports
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ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื,
01:09
and protecting their local, domestic industries.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช.
01:12
Now, this may sound fine in a sound bite,
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ื›ืกื™ืกืžื”, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
01:15
but what it really is is protectionism.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืคืจื•ื˜ืงืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืŸ.
01:18
We heard a lot about this during the 2016 presidential election.
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ 2016.
01:23
We heard about it during the Brexit debates
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจืงื–ื™ื˜
01:25
and most recently during the French elections.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
01:30
In fact, it's been a really important topic
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“
01:33
being talked about around the world,
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ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:35
and many aspiring political leaders
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ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
01:37
are running on platforms positioning protectionism as a good thing.
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ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
01:42
Now, I could see why they think protectionism is good,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื“ืขืชื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
01:45
because sometimes it seems like trade is unfair.
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ื›ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกื—ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
01:50
Some have blamed trade
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืกื—ืจ
01:52
for some of the problems we've been having here at home in the US.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื
01:56
For years we've been hearing
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01:57
about the loss of high-paying US manufacturing jobs.
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ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:01
Many think that manufacturing is declining in the US
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื“ื•ืขืš,
02:04
because companies are moving their operations offshore
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•"ืœ,
02:08
to markets with lower-cost labor
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ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœ
02:10
like China, Mexico and Vietnam.
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ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืŸ, ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•-ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื.
02:14
They also think trade agreements sometimes are unfair,
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ืœื“ืขืชื, ื’ื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืกื—ืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื,
ืœืžืฉืœ ื ืคื˜"ื (ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”)
02:18
like NAFTA
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02:19
and the Trans-Pacific Partnership,
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืคืกื™ืคื™ืช,
02:21
because these trade agreements allow companies
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ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืกื—ืจ ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
02:25
to reimport those cheaply produced goods back into the US
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ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘
02:29
and other countries from where the jobs were taken.
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ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืŸ ื ื’ื–ืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:32
So it kind of feels like the exporters win
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ืื– ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื
02:35
and the importers lose.
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ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื.
02:38
Now, the reality is
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ืืš ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
02:40
output in the manufacturing sector in the US
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02:43
is actually growing,
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ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”,
02:45
but we are losing jobs.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืื›ืŸ ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:47
We're losing lots of them.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ.
02:49
In fact, from 2000 to 2010,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืž-2000 ื•ืขื“ 2010,
02:51
5.7 million manufacturing jobs were lost.
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ืื‘ื“ื• 5.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
02:56
But they're not being lost for the reasons you might think.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื›ื.
03:00
Mike Johnson in Toledo, Ohio
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ืžื™ื™ืง ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉื‘ืื•ื”ื™ื•
03:03
didn't lose his jobs at the factory
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ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืžืคืขืœ
03:05
to Miguel Sanchez in Monterrey, Mexico.
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ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืืœ ืกื ืฆ'ื– ืžืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
03:08
No.
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ืœื.
03:09
Mike lost his job to a machine.
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ืžื™ื™ืง ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”.
03:13
87 percent of lost manufacturing jobs
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87% ืžืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืื‘ื“ื•,
03:16
have been eliminated because we've made improvements
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ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.
03:19
in our own productivity through automation.
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03:23
So that means that one out of 10 lost manufacturing jobs
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ 10 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืื‘ื“ื•
03:28
was due to offshoring.
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ืื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื—ื•"ืœ.
03:31
Now, this is not just a US phenomenon.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืœื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
03:33
No.
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ืœื.
ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
03:35
In fact, automation is spreading to every production line
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03:38
in every country around the world.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:41
But look, I get it:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
03:43
if you just lost your job
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ืื ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืื™ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš,
03:44
and then you read in the newspaper
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ื•ืืชื” ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ
ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื“ืช ืกื’ืจื” ืขื™ืกืงื” ืขื ืกื™ืŸ,
03:46
that your old company just struck up a deal with China,
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03:49
it's easy to think you were just replaced
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ืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืคืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื—ืจ.
03:51
in a one-for-one deal.
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03:53
When I hear stories like this, I think that what people picture
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื
03:56
is that trade happens between only two countries.
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ืฉื”ืกื—ืจ ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
04:00
Manufacturers in one country
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ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช
04:03
produce products and they export them
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื
04:05
to consumers in other countries,
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ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
04:08
and it feels like the manufacturing countries win
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ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช
04:11
and the importing countries lose.
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ื•ืช.
04:15
Well, reality's a little bit different.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช.
04:19
I'm a supply chain professional,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”,
04:20
and I live and work in Mexico.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
04:24
And I work in the middle
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
04:25
of a highly connected network of manufacturers
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04:28
all collaborating from around the world
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”
04:30
to produce many of the products we use today.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
04:34
What I see
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”,
04:35
from my front-row seat in Mexico City
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ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืกื™ื˜ื™,
04:38
actually looks more like this.
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ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื›ื”.
04:41
And this is a more accurate depiction of what trade really looks like.
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ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืจ.
04:46
I've had the pleasure of being able to see
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื’ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื•-ืขื™ื ื™
04:48
how many different products are manufactured,
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ืื™ืš ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื:
04:50
from golf clubs to laptop computers
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ืžื—ื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
04:53
to internet servers, automobiles
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ืฉืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘
04:56
and even airplanes.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
04:58
And believe me, none of it happens in a straight line.
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ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ.
05:02
Let me give you an example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
05:05
A few months ago, I was touring the manufacturing plant
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกื™ื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
05:09
of a multinational aerospace company
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช
05:12
in Querรฉtaro, Mexico,
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ื‘ืงืจื˜ืจื• ืฉื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
05:14
and the VP of logistics points out a completed tail assembly.
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ื•ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืื” ืžื›ืœืœ ื–ื ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
05:19
It turns out the tail assemblies are assembled from panels
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื–ื ื‘ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช
05:23
that are manufactured in France,
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช,
05:26
and they're assembled in Mexico
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
05:28
using components imported from the US.
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ืขื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืžืืจื”"ื‘.
05:31
When those tail assemblies are done,
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ื›ืฉืžื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื–ื ื‘ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื,
05:33
they're exported via truck to Canada
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ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื ื“ื”
05:36
to their primary assembly plant
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ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™
05:38
where they come together
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ืฉื ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืืœืคื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
05:39
with thousands of other parts,
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05:42
like the wings and the seats
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
05:44
and the little shades over the little windows,
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืืฉื ื‘ื™ื,
05:47
all coming in to become a part of a new airplane.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:51
Think about it.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš.
05:53
These new airplanes,
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ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:54
before they even take their first flight,
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ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืžืจื™ืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืกืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
05:57
they have more stamps in their passports
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช
05:59
than Angelina Jolie.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืื ื’'ืœื™ื ื” ื’'ื•ืœื™.
06:02
Now, this approach to processing goes on all around the world
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ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
06:06
to manufacture many of the products
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
06:08
we use every day,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™,
06:11
from skin cream to airplanes.
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ืžืงืจืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
06:14
When you go home tonight, take a look in your house.
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ื›ืฉืชืœื›ื• ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื—ืคืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื›ื.
06:17
You might be surprised to find a label that looks like this one:
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•:
06:21
"Manufactured in the USA from US and foreign parts."
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"ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ื."
06:26
Economist Michael Porter
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ
06:29
described what's going on here best.
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ืชื™ืืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ.
06:31
Many decades ago, he said that it's most beneficial for a country
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืชืœื
06:36
to focus on producing the products it can produce most efficiently
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:40
and trading for the rest.
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ื•ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ.
06:43
So what he's talking about here is shared production,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
06:47
and efficiency is the name of the game.
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ื›ืฉื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
06:50
You've probably seen an example of this
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ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื™ืชื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
06:53
at home or at work.
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06:55
Let's take a look at an example.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
06:57
Think about how your house was built
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื•: ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืชื›ื,
07:00
or your kitchen renovated.
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ืื• ืื™ืš ืฉื•ืคืฅ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื›ื.
07:02
Typically, there's a general contractor
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ื‘ื“"ื›, ื™ืฉ ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืจืืฉื™
07:04
who is responsible for coordinating the efforts
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ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื™ืื•ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:
07:07
of all the different contractors:
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07:08
an architect to draw the plans,
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ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
07:11
an earth-moving company to dig the foundation,
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืคืจ ืฉื—ื•ืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช,
07:14
a plumber, a carpenter and so on.
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ืฉืจื‘ืจื‘, ื ื’ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
07:16
So why doesn't the general contractor
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
07:18
pick just one company
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ืœื ื™ื™ืงื— ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
07:21
to do all the work,
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07:22
like, say, the architect?
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช?
07:24
Because this is silly.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ.
07:26
The general contractor selects experts
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ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื
07:28
because it takes years
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ื›ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช
07:30
to learn and master
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07:32
how to do each of the tasks it takes to build a house or renovate a kitchen,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื˜ื‘ื—,
07:36
some of them requiring special training.
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ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
07:39
Think about it:
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš:
07:41
Would you want your architect to install your toilet?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื™ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืฆืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืืกืœื”?
07:45
Of course not.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื.
07:46
So let's apply this process to the corporate world.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ื™ื™ืฉื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™.
07:50
Companies today focus on manufacturing
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
07:52
what they produce best and most efficiently,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ,
07:55
and they trade for everything else.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
07:58
So this means they rely
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช
08:01
on a global, interconnected, interdependent network of manufacturers
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ืขืœ ืจืฉืช ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื”-ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื”ื.
08:06
to produce these products.
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08:07
In fact, that network is so interconnected
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš,
08:09
it's almost impossible
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ
08:11
to dismantle and produce products in just one country.
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ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
08:15
Let's take a look at the interconnected web
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช
08:18
we saw a few moments ago,
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ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื,
08:19
and let's focus on just one strand
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ื•ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
08:22
between the US and Mexico.
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
08:26
The Wilson Institute says that shared production represents
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ืœืคื™ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’
08:29
40 percent of the half a trillion dollars in trade between the US and Mexico.
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40% ืžื—ืฆื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
08:34
That's about 200 billion dollars,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›-200 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ:
08:37
or the same as the GDP for Portugal.
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ืฉื•ื•ื”-ืขืจืš ืœืชืœ"ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.
08:41
So let's just imagine
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ
08:44
that the US decides to impose
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08:47
a 20 percent border tax on all imports from Mexico.
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ืžื›ืก ืฉืœ 20% ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
08:51
OK, fine.
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ื™ื•ืคื™.
08:52
But do you think Mexico is just going to stand by and let that happen?
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ื”ืื ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืœืชืช ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
08:57
No. No way.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื.
08:59
So in retaliation, they impose a similar tax
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืžื›ืก ื“ื•ืžื”
09:02
on all goods being imported from the US,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืืจื”"ื‘,
09:06
and a little game of tit-for-tat ensues,
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ื•ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื”-ื›ื ื’ื“-ืžื™ื“ื”,
09:10
and 20 percent -- just imagine that 20 percent duties
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ื•-20% -- ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืžืก ืฉืœ 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
09:13
are added to every good, product, product component
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ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื”, ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ
09:17
crossing back and forth across the border,
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ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
09:19
and you could be looking at more than a 40 percent increase in duties,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40% ืžืก
ืื• 80 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
09:23
or 80 billion dollars.
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09:25
Now, don't kid yourself,
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื:
09:27
these costs are going to be passed along
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ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ
09:29
to you and to me.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ื•ืขืœื™.
09:33
Now, let's think about what impact that might have on some of the products,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
09:39
or the prices of the products, that we buy every day.
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ืื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
09:42
So if a 30 percent increase in duties were actually passed along,
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ืื– ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืขืœืืช ืžืกื™ื ืฉืœ 30%,
09:46
we would be looking at some pretty important increases in prices.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
09:51
A Lincoln MKZ would go from 37,000 dollars to 48,000.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืœื” 48,000 ื‘ืžืงื•ื 37,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
09:56
And the price of a Sharp 60-inch HDTV
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ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืืจืค 60 ืื™ื ืฅ' ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
10:00
would go from 898 dollars to 1,167 dollars.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืœื” 1,167 ื‘ืžืงื•ื 898 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
10:05
And the price of a 16-ounce jar of CVS skin moisturizer
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ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืงืจื ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื”
10:10
would go from 13 dollars to 17 dollars.
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17 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื 13.
10:14
Now, remember, this is only looking at one strand of the production chain
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ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•: ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืจืง ืœื ืชื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”,
10:19
between the US and Mexico,
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
10:20
so multiply this out across all of the strands.
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ืื– ืชื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื.
10:24
The impact could be considerable.
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช.
10:26
Now, just think about this:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื ืขืœ ื–ื”:
10:28
even if we were able to dismantle this network
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ื’ื ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช,
10:33
and produce products in just one country,
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
10:36
which by the way is easier said than done,
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื’ื‘, ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข,
10:39
we would still only be saving or protecting
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืื• ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื
10:42
one out of 10 lost manufacturing jobs.
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ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืฉืจืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ืขืฉืจ.
10:45
That's right, because remember,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื“, ื›ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•:
10:49
most of those jobs, 87 percent,
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ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืœื”, 87% ืžื”ื,
10:51
were lost due to improvements in our own productivity.
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ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฆืœื ื•.
10:55
And unfortunately, those jobs, they're gone for good.
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืœื” ืื‘ื“ื• ืœืขื“.
10:59
So the real question is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
11:02
does it make sense for us to drive up prices
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ื”ืื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื
11:04
to the point where many of us can't afford the basic goods we use every day
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•
ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
11:11
for the purpose of saving a job
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ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื
11:13
that might be eliminated in a couple of years anyway?
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ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื?
11:17
The reality is that shared production
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
11:19
allows us to manufacture higher quality products
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:23
at lower costs.
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ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:24
It's that simple.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜.
11:26
It allows us to get more
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:28
out of the limited resources and expertise we have
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ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:31
and at the same time benefit from lower prices.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:35
It's really important to remember
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
11:37
that for shared production to be effective,
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ืฉื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
11:40
it relies on efficient cross-border movement of raw materials,
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ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื,
11:45
components and finished products.
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืžืจื™ื.
11:48
So remember this:
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ืื– ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ื–ืืช:
11:50
the next time you're hearing somebody try to sell you on the idea
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื ืกื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
11:55
that protectionism is a good deal,
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ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช-ืžื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืกืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
11:58
it's just not.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:59
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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