The real reason manufacturing jobs are disappearing | Augie Picado

155,092 views ・ 2017-09-28

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: eunseo cho κ²€ν† : Park Haesik
00:12
When someone mentions Cuba,
0
12700
1696
λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ μΏ λ°”λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄
00:14
what do you think about?
1
14420
1200
무슨 생각이 λ– μ˜€λ₯΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
00:17
Classic, classic cars?
2
17020
2056
ν΄λž˜μ‹ μžλ™μ°¨?
00:19
Perhaps good cigars?
3
19100
1320
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 질 쒋은 μ‹œκ°€?
00:21
Maybe you think of a famous baseball player.
4
21420
2096
μ•„λ§ˆ 유λͺ…ν•œ μ•Όκ΅¬μ„ μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬μ‹€μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
00:23
What about when somebody mentions North Korea?
5
23540
2336
λ§Œμ•½ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λΆν•œμ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:25
You think about those missile tests,
6
25900
2095
미사일 λ°œμ‚¬λ‚˜ μ•…λͺ…높은 κ΅­κ°€ μ§€λ„μž
00:28
maybe their notorious leader
7
28020
1896
00:29
or his good friend, Dennis Rodman.
8
29940
2000
ν˜Ήμ€ 그의 쒋은 친ꡬ, λ°λ‹ˆμŠ€ λ‘œλ“œλ§¨μ„ 생각할지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
00:32
(Laughter)
9
32460
1496
(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:33
One thing that likely doesn't come to mind
10
33980
2336
잘 λ– μ˜€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
00:36
is a vision of a country,
11
36340
1760
λ°”λ‘œ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λΉ„μ „μ΄λ‚˜
00:38
an open economy,
12
38780
1256
개방 경제
00:40
whose citizens have access to a wide range of affordable consumer products.
13
40060
4519
즉 ꡭ민이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ 합리적인 μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ 접근이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
I'm not here to argue how these countries got to where they are today.
14
47060
4616
μ €λŠ” 이 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ…Όν•˜λ €λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:51
I simply want to use them as an example of countries and citizens
15
51700
3696
μ €λŠ” 단지 그듀을 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ λ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μˆ˜μΆœμ„ κΈˆμ§€ν•˜κ³  지역 산업을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”
00:55
who have been affected, negatively affected,
16
55420
3216
λ¬΄μ—­μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 영ν–₯받은, 뢀정적인 영ν–₯을 받은
00:58
by a trade policy that restricts imports
17
58660
2280
01:01
and protects local industries.
18
61780
1520
ꡭ가와 κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ 말이죠.
01:04
Recently we've heard a number of countries
19
64300
2896
졜근 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무역을 ν†΅μ œν•˜κ³ ,
01:07
talk about restricting imports
20
67220
2176
자ꡭ의 지역, κ΅­λ‚΄ 산업을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ €λŠ”
01:09
and protecting their local, domestic industries.
21
69420
3016
λ§Žμ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ“£κ³ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
Now, this may sound fine in a sound bite,
22
72460
3256
이것이 κ·ΈλŸ΄λ“― ν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴지 λͺ°λΌλ„
01:15
but what it really is is protectionism.
23
75740
2240
사싀은 보호 λ¬΄μ—­μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
We heard a lot about this during the 2016 presidential election.
24
78980
3760
2016λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ„ μ—μ„œλ„ 이λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ΄€κ³ 
01:23
We heard about it during the Brexit debates
25
83420
2456
λΈŒλ ‰μ‹œνŠΈ λ…ΌμŸμ—μ„œλ„ λ“€μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
01:25
and most recently during the French elections.
26
85900
3320
κ°€μž₯ μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€ λŒ€μ„ μ—μ„œλ„ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
In fact, it's been a really important topic
27
90500
2736
사싀, 이것은 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ”
01:33
being talked about around the world,
28
93260
2136
맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ£Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
and many aspiring political leaders
29
95420
2416
그리고 야망을 가진 λ§Žμ€ μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€
01:37
are running on platforms positioning protectionism as a good thing.
30
97860
3560
λ³΄ν˜Έλ¬΄μ—­μ£Όμ˜κ°€ 쒋은 것인λƒ₯ 선전을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Now, I could see why they think protectionism is good,
31
102620
2776
이제, μ €λŠ” μ™œ λ³΄ν˜Έλ¬΄μ—­μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ’‹κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ”μ§€ 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œκ²ƒ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
because sometimes it seems like trade is unfair.
32
105420
4120
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 무역은 λΆˆκ³΅ν‰ν•΄λ³΄μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Some have blamed trade
33
110940
1936
μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 무역을 νƒ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
for some of the problems we've been having here at home in the US.
34
112900
3136
λ―Έκ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ 원인이라고 말이죠.
01:56
For years we've been hearing
35
116060
1376
μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
01:57
about the loss of high-paying US manufacturing jobs.
36
117460
3200
미ꡭ의 κ³ μ†Œλ“ μ œμ‘°μ—… 일자리의 κ°μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ“€μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Many think that manufacturing is declining in the US
37
121380
3576
λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ―Έκ΅­λ‚΄ μ œμ‘°μ—…μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
because companies are moving their operations offshore
38
124980
3136
λ§Žμ€ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ™Έμ£Ό 업체λ₯Ό 쀑ꡭ, λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ‚˜ λ² νŠΈλ‚¨κ°™μ΄
02:08
to markets with lower-cost labor
39
128140
2416
노동λ ₯이 μ €λ ΄ν•œ ν•΄μ™Έ μ‹œμž₯에
02:10
like China, Mexico and Vietnam.
40
130580
2560
μœ„νƒν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:14
They also think trade agreements sometimes are unfair,
41
134540
3656
λ˜ν•œ 그듀은 뢁미 자유 무역 ν˜‘μ •(NAFTA)μ΄λ‚˜
02:18
like NAFTA
42
138220
1696
ν™˜νƒœν‰μ–‘ 경제 λ™λ°˜μž ν˜‘μ • 같은
02:19
and the Trans-Pacific Partnership,
43
139940
1816
λ¬΄μ—­ν˜‘μ •μ΄ λ•Œλ‘  λΆ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
because these trade agreements allow companies
44
141780
3456
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 무역 ν˜‘μ •λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄
02:25
to reimport those cheaply produced goods back into the US
45
145260
3240
일자리λ₯Ό 뺏어간 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“  κ°’ μ‹Ό μƒν’ˆλ“€μ„
02:29
and other countries from where the jobs were taken.
46
149540
3136
미ꡭ으둜 λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μˆ˜μž…ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν—ˆλ½ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌλ©΄μ„œμš”.
02:32
So it kind of feels like the exporters win
47
152700
3096
μˆ˜μΆœμ—…μžλŠ” μœ λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:35
and the importers lose.
48
155820
2000
μˆ˜μž…μ—…μžλŠ” λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Now, the reality is
49
158780
1216
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ν˜„μ‹€μ€ μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
output in the manufacturing sector in the US
50
160020
2920
미ꡭ의 제쑰 λΆ„μ•Ό μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ€
02:43
is actually growing,
51
163900
1736
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
but we are losing jobs.
52
165660
1576
그런데 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일자리λ₯Ό μžƒκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
We're losing lots of them.
53
167260
1240
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ€ 일자리λ₯Ό μžƒκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
In fact, from 2000 to 2010,
54
169220
2696
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 2000λ…„μ—μ„œ 2010λ…„ κΉŒμ§€
02:51
5.7 million manufacturing jobs were lost.
55
171940
3640
570만 개의 μ œμ‘°μ—… μΌμžλ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
But they're not being lost for the reasons you might think.
56
176380
3560
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ € μΌμžλ¦¬λ“€μ€
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 이유둜 μ‚¬λΌμ§€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Mike Johnson in Toledo, Ohio
57
180940
1840
μ˜€ν•˜μ΄μ˜€μ£Ό ν†¨λ ˆλ„μ˜ 마이크 μ‘΄μŠ¨μ”¨λŠ”
03:03
didn't lose his jobs at the factory
58
183900
1976
λ©•μ‹œμ½” λͺ¬ν…Œλ ˆμ΄μ˜ λ―Έκ΅¬μ—˜ μ‚°μ²΄μŠ€μ”¨ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:05
to Miguel Sanchez in Monterrey, Mexico.
59
185900
2456
곡μž₯ μΌμžλ¦¬μ„ μžƒμ€ 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
No.
60
188380
1216
μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
03:09
Mike lost his job to a machine.
61
189620
2280
λ§ˆμ΄ν¬μ”¨λŠ” 기계 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 직μž₯을 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
87 percent of lost manufacturing jobs
62
193420
3296
사라진 μ œμ‘°μ—… 일자리 쀑 87%λŠ”
03:16
have been eliminated because we've made improvements
63
196740
2816
μžλ™ν™”λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 생산성 ν–₯상을 μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:19
in our own productivity through automation.
64
199580
2560
μ—†μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
So that means that one out of 10 lost manufacturing jobs
65
203540
4696
그것은 사라진 μ œμ‘°μ—… 일자리 쀑
10λΆ„μ˜ 1만이
03:28
was due to offshoring.
66
208260
2280
ν•΄μ™Έ 업무 μœ„νƒ λ•Œλ¬Έμž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ£ .
03:31
Now, this is not just a US phenomenon.
67
211500
2416
ν˜„μž¬, 이것은 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
No.
68
213940
1216
μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
03:35
In fact, automation is spreading to every production line
69
215180
3336
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, μžλ™ν™”λŠ” 세계 λͺ¨λ“  λ‚˜λΌμ˜
03:38
in every country around the world.
70
218540
1920
λͺ¨λ“  μƒμ‚°λΌμΈμœΌλ‘œ 퍼지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
But look, I get it:
71
221540
1616
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€,
03:43
if you just lost your job
72
223180
1496
λ§Œμ•½ 당신이 방금 직업을 μžƒμ—ˆκ³ 
03:44
and then you read in the newspaper
73
224700
1656
μ‹ λ¬Έμ—μ„œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ „ 직μž₯이 마침
03:46
that your old company just struck up a deal with China,
74
226380
2616
쀑ꡭ과 계약을 μ²΄κ²°ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 보면
03:49
it's easy to think you were just replaced
75
229020
2456
당신이 μΌλŒ€μΌλ‘œ κ΅μ²΄λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 
03:51
in a one-for-one deal.
76
231500
1200
μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μšΈκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
When I hear stories like this, I think that what people picture
77
233900
2976
이런 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μœΌλ©΄ μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—
03:56
is that trade happens between only two countries.
78
236900
3280
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 무역이 였직 두 λ‚˜λΌκ°„μ—λ§Œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§„λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Manufacturers in one country
79
240940
2416
ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μƒμ‚°μžκ°€
04:03
produce products and they export them
80
243380
1936
μƒν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³  그것을
04:05
to consumers in other countries,
81
245340
2640
λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ—κ²Œ νŒλ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
and it feels like the manufacturing countries win
82
248820
3016
이것은 마치 생산ꡭ은 μœ λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:11
and the importing countries lose.
83
251860
2560
μˆ˜μž…κ΅­μ€ λΆˆλ¦¬ν•œ 것 처럼 λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Well, reality's a little bit different.
84
255340
2520
κΈ€μŽ„μš”, ν˜„μ‹€μ€ 쑰금 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
I'm a supply chain professional,
85
259220
1576
μ €λŠ” λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ— κ±°μ£Όν•˜λ©° μΌν•˜λŠ”
04:20
and I live and work in Mexico.
86
260820
1760
생산 μ „λ¬Έκ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
And I work in the middle
87
264340
1256
λ˜ν•œ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μš©μ€‘μΈ λ§Žμ€ μƒν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:25
of a highly connected network of manufacturers
88
265620
3176
μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” μƒμ‚°μžλ“€μ˜
04:28
all collaborating from around the world
89
268820
2136
04:30
to produce many of the products we use today.
90
270980
2400
촘촘히 μ—°κ²°λœ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μ†μ—μ„œ μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
What I see
91
274420
1216
λ©•μ‹œμ½” μ‹œν‹°μ˜ μ΅œμ „μ„ μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ³Έ 것은
04:35
from my front-row seat in Mexico City
92
275660
2576
04:38
actually looks more like this.
93
278260
2320
사싀 이것에 더 κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
And this is a more accurate depiction of what trade really looks like.
94
281500
4080
이것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ¬΄μ—­μ˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ λ¬˜μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
I've had the pleasure of being able to see
95
286436
2000
μ €λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μƒμ‚°λ˜λŠ”μ§€
04:48
how many different products are manufactured,
96
288460
2496
λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 기쁨을 λˆ„λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
from golf clubs to laptop computers
97
290980
2816
골프채뢀터 λ…ΈνŠΈλΆκ³Ό
04:53
to internet servers, automobiles
98
293820
2576
인터넷 μ„œλ²„, μžλ™μ°¨
04:56
and even airplanes.
99
296420
1200
심지어 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κΉŒμ§€.
04:58
And believe me, none of it happens in a straight line.
100
298340
2760
그리고 κ·Έ 생산과정 쀑 무엇도 μ§μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
Let me give you an example.
101
302260
1286
예λ₯Ό ν•œκ°€μ§€ 듀어보죠.
05:05
A few months ago, I was touring the manufacturing plant
102
305340
4256
λͺ‡ 달 μ „, μ €λŠ” λ©•μ‹œμ½” μΌ€λ ˆνƒ€λ‘œ 주에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
05:09
of a multinational aerospace company
103
309620
2976
닀ꡭ적 항곡 μš°μ£ΌλΆ„μ•Ό κΈ°μ—…μ˜
05:12
in QuerΓ©taro, Mexico,
104
312620
1280
생산곡μž₯을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
and the VP of logistics points out a completed tail assembly.
105
314740
3560
그리고 λ¬Όλ₯˜νŒ€μ˜ VPκ°€ μ™„μ„±λœ 꼬리λͺ¨λ‘κ°œλ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬μΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
It turns out the tail assemblies are assembled from panels
106
319260
4376
κ·Έ 꼬리λͺ¨λ‘κ°œλŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ—μ„œ μƒμ‚°λœ νŒ¨λ„λ‘œ
05:23
that are manufactured in France,
107
323660
2496
05:26
and they're assembled in Mexico
108
326180
2216
λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μž…ν•œ λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
05:28
using components imported from the US.
109
328420
2920
λ§₯μ‹œμ½”μ—μ„œ μ‘°λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
When those tail assemblies are done,
110
331860
2016
꼬리 쑰립이 μ™„λ£Œλ˜λ©΄,
05:33
they're exported via truck to Canada
111
333900
2456
그것은 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ£Όμš” 쑰립곡μž₯이 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
05:36
to their primary assembly plant
112
336380
2176
μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λ‘œ νŠΈλŸ­μ„ 톡해 λ³΄λ‚΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
where they come together
113
338580
1256
λ‚ κ°œλ‚˜ μ’Œμ„
05:39
with thousands of other parts,
114
339860
2416
μž‘μ€ 창의 λΉ› κ°€λ¦¬κ°œκ°™μ΄
05:42
like the wings and the seats
115
342300
2376
수천개의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀뢄듀이 λͺ¨μ΄λŠ” 곳으둜 말이죠.
05:44
and the little shades over the little windows,
116
344700
2896
05:47
all coming in to become a part of a new airplane.
117
347620
2400
λͺ¨λ“  것듀은 μƒˆ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ˜ λΆ€ν’ˆμ΄ 되기 μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
Think about it.
118
351300
1200
μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
05:53
These new airplanes,
119
353140
1456
이 μƒˆ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ”
05:54
before they even take their first flight,
120
354620
2576
첫 번째 비행을 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ 전에
05:57
they have more stamps in their passports
121
357220
2456
μ•ˆμ €λ¦¬λ‚˜ 쑸리보닀도
05:59
than Angelina Jolie.
122
359700
1240
더 λ§Žμ€ μ—¬κΆŒλ„μž₯을 가진 μ…ˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
Now, this approach to processing goes on all around the world
123
362580
3496
자, 이 접근은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 맀일 μ“°λŠ” μ œν’ˆλ“€μ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”
06:06
to manufacture many of the products
124
366100
2496
μ „ 세계 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ— μ μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
we use every day,
125
368620
2536
06:11
from skin cream to airplanes.
126
371180
2320
μŠ€ν‚¨ 크림뢀터 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
06:14
When you go home tonight, take a look in your house.
127
374340
2440
였늘 λ°€ 집에 λŒμ•„κ°€μ‹œλ©΄ 집 μ•ˆμ„ ν•œλ²ˆ λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:17
You might be surprised to find a label that looks like this one:
128
377500
3200
μ•„λ§ˆ 이런 ν‘œμ‹œλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  깜짝 놀라싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
"Manufactured in the USA from US and foreign parts."
129
381900
4200
λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ λΆ€ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 생산됨.
06:26
Economist Michael Porter
130
386980
2176
κ²½μ œν•™μž 마이클 ν¬ν„°κ΅μˆ˜κ°€
06:29
described what's going on here best.
131
389180
1960
이 ν˜„μƒμ„ 잘 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
Many decades ago, he said that it's most beneficial for a country
132
391660
4736
λͺ‡ μ‹­λ…„ μ „, κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
κ°€μž₯ 효율적으둜 생산할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ œν’ˆμ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³ 
06:36
to focus on producing the products it can produce most efficiently
133
396420
4376
λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” κ΅ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이
06:40
and trading for the rest.
134
400820
1760
κ΅­κ°€μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ μœ λ¦¬ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
So what he's talking about here is shared production,
135
403820
2760
κ·Έκ°€ 이 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은
λΆ„μ—…κ³Ό νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
and efficiency is the name of the game.
136
407340
1880
06:50
You've probably seen an example of this
137
410540
2536
μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ°€μ •μ—μ„œλ‚˜ 직μž₯μ—μ„œ
06:53
at home or at work.
138
413100
1360
μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
Let's take a look at an example.
139
415620
1736
예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:57
Think about how your house was built
140
417380
2120
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 집이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€
07:00
or your kitchen renovated.
141
420340
1400
ν˜Ήμ€ λΆ€μ—Œ 리λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:02
Typically, there's a general contractor
142
422420
2456
일반적으둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  κ±΄μ„€μ—…μžλ“€,
07:04
who is responsible for coordinating the efforts
143
424900
2216
도면을 μ œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‚˜
07:07
of all the different contractors:
144
427140
1616
기반 곡사λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ§€λ°˜ 곡사 업체,
07:08
an architect to draw the plans,
145
428780
1640
배관곡, λͺ©μˆ˜ 등을 ν†΅μ†”ν•˜λŠ”
07:11
an earth-moving company to dig the foundation,
146
431300
2936
μ’…ν•© κ±΄μ„€μ—…μžκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
a plumber, a carpenter and so on.
147
434260
1880
07:16
So why doesn't the general contractor
148
436820
1856
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ μ’…ν•© κ±΄μ„€μ—…μžλŠ”
07:18
pick just one company
149
438700
2616
ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•΄μ„œ
07:21
to do all the work,
150
441340
1216
예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, κ±΄μΆ•κ°€μ—κ²Œ λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ 맑기지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
07:22
like, say, the architect?
151
442580
1200
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것이 바보같은 짓이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
Because this is silly.
152
444420
1200
07:26
The general contractor selects experts
153
446580
2296
μ’…ν•© κ±΄μ„€μ—…μžλŠ” 전문가듀을 μ„ λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:28
because it takes years
154
448900
1736
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 집을 μ§“κ±°λ‚˜ λΆ€μ—Œμ„ μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ
07:30
to learn and master
155
450660
1736
κΈ°μˆ μ„ 배우고 μ΅νžˆλŠ” 데엔
07:32
how to do each of the tasks it takes to build a house or renovate a kitchen,
156
452420
3776
μˆ˜λ…„μ΄ 걸리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
some of them requiring special training.
157
456220
2280
κ·Έ 쀑 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ νŠΉμˆ˜ν•œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
07:39
Think about it:
158
459860
1216
생각 ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”
07:41
Would you want your architect to install your toilet?
159
461100
3440
건좕가가 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ ν™”μž₯μ‹€ λ³€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜κΈΈ μ›ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
07:45
Of course not.
160
465140
1416
λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ•„λ‹ˆκ² μ£ .
07:46
So let's apply this process to the corporate world.
161
466580
2840
이 과정을 μ‚°μ—… 세계에 μ μš©ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:50
Companies today focus on manufacturing
162
470020
2576
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 그듀이 κ°€μž₯ 효율적으둜 잘 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ”
07:52
what they produce best and most efficiently,
163
472620
3336
μ œν’ˆμ˜ 생산에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
and they trade for everything else.
164
475980
1840
λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ κ΅ν™˜ν•˜μ£ .
07:58
So this means they rely
165
478500
2696
이것은 그듀이 이런 μ œν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” μƒμ‚°μžλ“€κ°„μ˜
08:01
on a global, interconnected, interdependent network of manufacturers
166
481220
4976
세계적인, μƒν˜Έ μ—°κ²°λœ, μƒν˜Έ 의쑴적인 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ—
08:06
to produce these products.
167
486220
1256
μ˜μ‘΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
In fact, that network is so interconnected
168
487500
2056
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 이 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ“€μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ 촘촘히 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
08:09
it's almost impossible
169
489580
1240
이λ₯Ό ν•΄μ²΄ν•˜κ³  ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œλ§Œ μ œν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ°λž€
08:11
to dismantle and produce products in just one country.
170
491900
3360
거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
Let's take a look at the interconnected web
171
495940
2296
λͺ‡ λΆ„ 전에 봀던 연결망을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
08:18
we saw a few moments ago,
172
498260
1656
08:19
and let's focus on just one strand
173
499940
2296
λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λ©•μ‹œμ½” 사이
08:22
between the US and Mexico.
174
502260
2080
ν•œ κ°€λ‹₯에 집쀑해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”
08:26
The Wilson Institute says that shared production represents
175
506460
2816
윌슨 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
08:29
40 percent of the half a trillion dollars in trade between the US and Mexico.
176
509300
5080
λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λ©•μ‹œμ½” 사이 5000μ–΅ 규λͺ¨ λ¬΄μ—­μ˜ 40%κ°€
곡유 생산 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 이루어진닀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
That's about 200 billion dollars,
177
514900
2656
μ΄λŠ” μ•½ 2000μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ
08:37
or the same as the GDP for Portugal.
178
517580
2960
포λ₯΄νˆ¬κ°ˆμ˜ GDP에 λ§žλ¨ΉλŠ” 규λͺ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
So let's just imagine
179
521540
2536
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ ν•œλ²ˆ μƒμƒν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:44
that the US decides to impose
180
524100
3096
미ꡭ이 λͺ¨λ“  λ©•μ‹œμ½” μˆ˜μž…ν’ˆμ—
08:47
a 20 percent border tax on all imports from Mexico.
181
527220
3720
20% κ΅­κ²½μ„Έλ₯Ό 맀긴닀면 어떨지.
08:51
OK, fine.
182
531660
1216
λ„€, μ’‹μ•„μš”.
08:52
But do you think Mexico is just going to stand by and let that happen?
183
532900
4360
그럼 λ©•μ‹œμ½”κ°€ κ°€λ§Œνžˆ μ•‰μ•„μ„œ μ³λ‹€λ§Œ 보고 μžˆμ„ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
08:57
No. No way.
184
537940
1696
μ ˆλŒ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
08:59
So in retaliation, they impose a similar tax
185
539660
3056
이에 λŒ€ν•œ 보볡으둜, λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μž…ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ œν’ˆμ—
09:02
on all goods being imported from the US,
186
542740
2840
λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ΅­κ²½μ„Έλ₯Ό λ§€κΈΈκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
and a little game of tit-for-tat ensues,
187
546460
2240
보볡과 보볡이 λ’€λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
and 20 percent -- just imagine that 20 percent duties
188
550020
3456
κ°€λ Ή 20%의 μ„ΈκΈˆμ΄
09:13
are added to every good, product, product component
189
553500
3496
ꡭ경을 λ„˜λ‚˜λ“œλŠ”
λͺ¨λ“  μ œν’ˆκ³Ό λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ— λΆ€κ³Όλ˜κ³ 
09:17
crossing back and forth across the border,
190
557020
2696
09:19
and you could be looking at more than a 40 percent increase in duties,
191
559740
3336
μ•„λ§ˆ 40% μΈμƒλœ κ΅­κ²½μ„Έ, ν˜Ήμ€ 80%λ‚˜
09:23
or 80 billion dollars.
192
563100
1760
κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 인상을 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
Now, don't kid yourself,
193
565620
1776
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ„ 속이렀 ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”,
09:27
these costs are going to be passed along
194
567420
2296
이 λΉ„μš©λ“€μ€ κ³ μŠ€λž€νžˆ λΆ€κ³Ό 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
to you and to me.
195
569740
2240
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό, μ œκ²Œμš”.
09:33
Now, let's think about what impact that might have on some of the products,
196
573780
5256
자, 이제 이것이 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ˜, ν˜Ήμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 맀일 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ˜
09:39
or the prices of the products, that we buy every day.
197
579060
2720
가격에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  지 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:42
So if a 30 percent increase in duties were actually passed along,
198
582420
4416
λ§Œμ•½ 30%의 κ΅­κ²½μ„Έκ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λΆ€κ³Όλœλ‹€λ©΄,
09:46
we would be looking at some pretty important increases in prices.
199
586860
3640
μ•„λ§ˆ 가격이 κ½€ 많이 였λ₯Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
A Lincoln MKZ would go from 37,000 dollars to 48,000.
200
591460
3800
링컨 MKZλŠ” 37,000 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ 48,000λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ
09:56
And the price of a Sharp 60-inch HDTV
201
596580
3360
60인치 Sharp HDTVλŠ”
10:00
would go from 898 dollars to 1,167 dollars.
202
600620
5216
898 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ 1,167λ‹¬λŸ¬
10:05
And the price of a 16-ounce jar of CVS skin moisturizer
203
605860
4136
16온슀 CVS μŠ€ν‚¨μ€ 13λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ
10:10
would go from 13 dollars to 17 dollars.
204
610020
3440
17λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ 인상 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
Now, remember, this is only looking at one strand of the production chain
205
614060
5376
μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”, 이것은 단지
λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λ©•μ‹œμ½” 사이 κ΄€κ³„λ§Œ λ”°μ‘Œμ„ 뿐 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
between the US and Mexico,
206
619460
1376
10:20
so multiply this out across all of the strands.
207
620860
2800
λͺ¨λ“  μ—°κ²° κ΄€κ³„λ§ŒνΌ 이것을 κ³±ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:24
The impact could be considerable.
208
624420
1656
영ν–₯은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
Now, just think about this:
209
626100
2656
생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”
10:28
even if we were able to dismantle this network
210
628780
3240
λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό λΆ„ν•΄ν•΄
10:33
and produce products in just one country,
211
633300
3216
였직 ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œλ§Œ μ œν’ˆμ„ 생산할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
10:36
which by the way is easier said than done,
212
636540
2496
λ¬Όλ‘  말이 μ‰½μ§€λ§Œμš”
10:39
we would still only be saving or protecting
213
639060
3416
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단지 사라진 제쑰직의
10:42
one out of 10 lost manufacturing jobs.
214
642500
2896
10λΆ„μ˜ 1만 λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 μžˆμ„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
That's right, because remember,
215
645420
2040
κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
10:49
most of those jobs, 87 percent,
216
649220
2656
거의 λͺ¨λ“  직업, μ•½ 87%λŠ”
10:51
were lost due to improvements in our own productivity.
217
651900
2680
우리의 생산성 ν–₯μƒλ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
And unfortunately, those jobs, they're gone for good.
218
655340
3160
λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, 이 직업듀은 더 λ‚˜μ€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 사라진 것이죠.
10:59
So the real question is,
219
659980
1560
μ§„μ§œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
does it make sense for us to drive up prices
220
662340
2336
일 이년 ν›„λ©΄ μ–΄μ°¨ν”Ό μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ 될
11:04
to the point where many of us can't afford the basic goods we use every day
221
664700
5520
직업듀을 λ³΄μ „ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
맀일 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν•„μˆ˜ν’ˆμ˜ 가격을
11:11
for the purpose of saving a job
222
671100
2216
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ •λ„κΉŒμ§€
11:13
that might be eliminated in a couple of years anyway?
223
673340
2480
μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것이 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œμ§€ 말이죠.
11:17
The reality is that shared production
224
677860
2016
사싀, 곡유 생산은
11:19
allows us to manufacture higher quality products
225
679900
3656
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 질 쒋은 μƒν’ˆμ„
μ €λ ΄ν•œ 가격에 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
at lower costs.
226
683580
1216
11:24
It's that simple.
227
684820
1200
κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
It allows us to get more
228
686780
1856
그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진
11:28
out of the limited resources and expertise we have
229
688660
2416
μ œν•œλœ μ „λ¬Έμ„±κ³Ό ν•œμ •λœ μžμ›μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
11:31
and at the same time benefit from lower prices.
230
691100
3200
더 많이 μ–»λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹Ό κ°€κ²©μ˜ ν˜œνƒλ„ λˆ„λ¦΄μˆ˜ 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
It's really important to remember
231
695380
2056
곡유 생산이 효과적이기 μœ„ν•΄μ„ ,
11:37
that for shared production to be effective,
232
697460
2816
κ³΅μœ μƒμ‚°μ΄ μ›μž¬λ£Œμ™€ λΆ€ν’ˆ, 그리고 μ™„μ œν’ˆμ˜
11:40
it relies on efficient cross-border movement of raw materials,
233
700300
5416
효율적인 ꡭ경이동에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
11:45
components and finished products.
234
705740
1960
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
So remember this:
235
708780
1200
λ”°λΌμ„œ, μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”:
11:50
the next time you're hearing somebody try to sell you on the idea
236
710940
4056
이제 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ
11:55
that protectionism is a good deal,
237
715020
2320
보호 λ¬΄μ—­μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ’‹λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄,
11:58
it's just not.
238
718260
1576
그게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
11:59
Thank you.
239
719860
1216
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
(Applause)
240
721100
2760
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7