James Balog: Time-lapse proof of extreme ice loss

181,365 views ใƒป 2009-09-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Nitzan R. Edelman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:18
Most of the time, art and science stare at each other
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืžื•ืœ ื–ื”
00:22
across a gulf of mutual incomprehension.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช.
00:25
There is great confusion when the two look at each other.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื–ื• ืืœ ื–ื”.
00:30
Art, of course, looks at the world through the psyche,
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ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืฉืžื”,
00:34
the emotions -- the unconscious at times -- and of course the aesthetic.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช -- ืชืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืข, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื -- ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืชื™.
00:38
Science tends to look at the world through the rational, the quantitative --
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ืžื“ืข ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ --
00:43
things that can be measured and described --
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžื“ื“ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื --
00:46
but it gives art a terrific context of understanding.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื (ื”ืžื“ืข) ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”.
00:50
In the Extreme Ice Survey,
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ื‘ืกืงืจ ืงืจื— ื”ืขื“,
00:54
we're dedicated to bringing those two parts of human understanding together,
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ืื ื• ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื™ื—ื“,
00:59
to merging the art and science
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ืœืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืข
01:01
to the end of helping us understand nature
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
01:04
and humanity's relationship with nature better.
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ื•ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:08
Specifically, I as a person
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื ื™ ื›ืื“ื
01:10
who's been a professional nature photographer my whole adult life,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืœื ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
01:14
am firmly of the belief that photography, video, film
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื” ื›ื™ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื, ืœื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืœืกืจื˜
01:18
have tremendous powers for helping us understand
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ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:22
and shape the way we think about nature
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ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
01:25
and about ourselves in relationship to nature.
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ื•ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:28
In this project, we're specifically interested, of course, in ice.
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืงืจื—
01:32
I'm fascinated by the beauty of it, the mutability of it,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืงืกื ืžื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื•, ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
01:36
the malleability of it,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
01:38
and the fabulous shapes in which it can carve itself.
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ื•ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœืฃ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
01:41
These first images are from Greenland.
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“.
01:43
But ice has another meaning.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืงืจื— ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช.
01:45
Ice is the canary in the global coal mine.
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ืงืจื— ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื” ื”ืคื—ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
01:48
It's the place where we can see and touch and hear and feel climate change in action.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืขืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
01:54
Climate change is a really abstract thing in most of the world.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:58
Whether or not you believe in it is based on your sense of
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืื• ืœื, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื›ื
02:01
is it raining more or is it raining less?
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ื”ืื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืฉื ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืฉื?
02:03
Is it getting hotter or is it getting colder?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืงืจืจื•ืช?
02:05
What do the computer models say about this, that and the other thing?
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ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
02:10
All of that, strip it away. In the world of the arctic and alpine environments,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืชื–ืจืงื• ืœืฆื“. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:14
where the ice is, it's real and it's present.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื— ื™ืฉื ื•, ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื›ื—.
02:17
The changes are happening. They're very visible.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื. ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
02:20
They're photographable. They're measurable.
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ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื. ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื”.
02:23
95 percent of the glaciers in the world are retreating or shrinking.
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95% ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื.
02:28
That's outside Antarctica.
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ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื ื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:30
95 percent of the glaciers in the world are retreating or shrinking,
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95% ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื,
02:33
and that's because the precipitation patterns and the temperature patterns are changing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
02:37
There is no significant scientific dispute about that.
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ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืžื“ืขื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
02:41
It's been observed, it's measured, it's bomb-proof information.
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ื–ื” ื ืฆืคื”, ื–ื” ื ืžื“ื“, ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืš.
02:44
And the great irony and tragedy of our time
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ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•
02:46
is that a lot of the general public thinks that science is still arguing about that.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš.
02:51
Science is not arguing about that.
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ื”ืžื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš.
02:53
In these images we see ice from enormous glaciers,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืงืจื— ืžืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
02:58
ice sheets that are hundreds of thousands of years old
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ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืงืจื— ืฉื’ื™ืœืŸ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื
03:00
breaking up into chunks, and chunk by chunk by chunk,
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ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ื›ื”,
03:04
iceberg by iceberg, turning into global sea level rise.
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ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืคืœืก ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
03:07
So, having seen all of this in the course of a 30-year career,
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ืื–, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 30 ืฉื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”,
03:11
I was still a skeptic about climate change until about 10 years ago,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกืคืงืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›-10 ืฉื ื™ื,
03:14
because I thought the story of climate change was based on computer models.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
03:20
I hadn't realized it was based on concrete measurements
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช
03:24
of what the paleoclimates -- the ancient climates -- were,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืœื™ืื•-ืืงืœื™ื -- ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช -- ื”ื™ื”,
03:27
as recorded in the ice sheets, as recorded in deep ocean sediments,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืฉื ื‘ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืงืจื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืงืขื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
03:33
as recorded in lake sediments, tree rings,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืงืขื™ ื‘ืื’ืžื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื,
03:35
and a lot of other ways of measuring temperature.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:39
When I realized that climate change was real, and it was not based on computer models,
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
03:44
I decided that one day I would do a project
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
03:46
looking at trying to manifest climate change photographically.
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ื‘ื• ืื ืกื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
03:50
And that led me to this project.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
03:53
Initially, I was working on a National Geographic assignment --
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื˜ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’'ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง --
03:56
conventional, single frame, still photography.
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ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™, ืชืฆืœื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืกื˜ื™ืœืก.
03:58
And one crazy day, I got the idea that I should --
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ื•ืื– ื™ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืื—ื“, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš --
04:02
after that assignment was finished --
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืกืชื™ื™ื --
04:04
I got the idea that I should shoot in time-lapse photography,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ,
04:08
that I should station a camera or two at a glacier
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ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืงื ืžืฆืœืžื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ
04:12
and let it shoot every 15 minutes, or every hour or whatever
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฆืœื ื›ืœ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”
04:15
and watch the progression of the landscape over time.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
04:18
Well, within about three weeks,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
04:21
I incautiously turned that idea of a couple of time-lapse cameras
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื‘ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื“ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ
04:24
into 25 time-lapse cameras.
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ืœ-25 ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ.
04:26
And the next six months of my life were the hardest time in my career,
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ื•ืฉืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
04:31
trying to design, build and deploy out in the field these 25 time-lapse cameras.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืจื•ืก ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 25 ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ.
04:37
They are powered by the sun. Solar panels power them.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ืคืื ืœื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
04:41
Power goes into a battery. There is a custom made computer
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ื”ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกื•ืœืœื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
04:44
that tells the camera when to fire.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืชื™ ืœืฆืœื.
04:47
And these cameras are positioned on rocks on the sides of the glaciers,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืœืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื,
04:51
and they look in on the glacier from permanent, bedrock positions,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื›ื ื™ ืงื‘ืข,
04:54
and they watch the evolution of the landscape.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื•ืฃ.
04:57
We just had a number of cameras out on the Greenland Ice Sheet.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืงืจื— ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“.
05:00
We actually drilled holes into the ice, way deep down below the thawing level,
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ืงื“ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืจื—, ืžืžืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืง, ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืžืคืฉื™ืจื”,
05:05
and had some cameras out there for the past month and a half or so.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš.
05:08
Actually, there's still a camera out there right now.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœืžื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:10
In any case, the cameras shoot roughly every hour.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืคืขื ื‘ืฉืขื”.
05:13
Some of them shoot every half hour, every 15 minutes, every five minutes.
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื”, ื›ืœ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื›ืœ 5 ื“ืงื•ืช.
05:17
Here's a time lapse of one of the time-lapse units being made.
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ื”ื ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
05:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:22
I personally obsessed about every nut, bolt and washer in these crazy things.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ื, ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:26
I spent half my life at our local hardware store
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
05:28
during the months when we built these units originally.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
05:33
We're working in most of the major glaciated regions of the northern hemisphere.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™.
05:39
Our time-lapse units are in Alaska, the Rockies, Greenland and Iceland,
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ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ, ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืืœืกืงื”, ื‘ืจื›ืก ื”ืจื•ืงื™'ืก, ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ ื•ืื™ื™ืกืœื ื“,
05:43
and we have repeat photography positions,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™,
05:45
that is places we just visit on an annual basis,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื ืชื™,
05:48
in British Columbia, the Alps and Bolivia.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”, ื‘ืืœืคื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”.
05:51
It's a big undertaking. I stand here before you tonight
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ื–ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ืœื™ืœื”
05:53
as an ambassador for my whole team.
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ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
05:56
There's a lot of people working on this right now.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:58
We've got 33 cameras out this moment.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 33 ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:01
We just had 33 cameras shoot about half an hour ago
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ืจืง ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 33 ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ืœืžื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”
06:05
all across the northern hemisphere, watching what's happened.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ืจื•ืื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื”.
06:08
And we've spent a lot of time in the field. It's been a fantastic amount of work.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
06:12
We've been out for two and a half years,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™,
06:14
and we've got about another two and a half years yet to go.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
06:16
That's only half our job.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
06:18
The other half of our job is to tell the story to the global public.
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ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:22
You know, scientists have collected this kind of information
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืกืคื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื”
06:27
off and on over the years, but a lot of it stays within the science community.
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ืœืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืืš ืจื•ื‘ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
06:32
Similarly, a lot of art projects stay in the art community,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช,
06:36
and I feel very much a responsibility through mechanisms like TED,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• TED,
06:42
and like our relationship with the Obama White House,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื• ืขื ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ,
06:45
with the Senate, with John Kerry, to influence policy
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ืขื ื”ืกื ืื˜, ืขื ื’'ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™, ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
06:49
as much as possible with these pictures as well.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
06:51
We've done films. We've done books. We have more coming.
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ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืกืคืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš.
06:55
We have a site on Google Earth
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืชืจ ื‘-Google Earth
06:57
that Google Earth was generous enough to give us,
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ืฉ-Google Earth ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื•,
07:00
and so forth, because we feel very much the need to tell this story,
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
07:04
because it is such an immediate evidence of ongoing climate change right now.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข.
07:11
Now, one bit of science before we get into the visuals.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคื™ืกืช ืžื“ืข ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
07:14
If everybody in the developed world understood this graph,
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ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื— ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”,
07:18
and emblazoned it on the inside of their foreheads,
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื,
07:21
there would be no further societal argument about climate change
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
07:25
because this is the story that counts.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘.
07:28
Everything else you hear is just propaganda and confusion.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ.
07:32
Key issues: this is a 400,000 year record.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืคืชื—: ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ 400,000 ืฉื ื™ื.
07:35
This exact same pattern is seen going back now
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ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื”ื–ื• ื ืจืื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”
07:37
almost a million years before our current time.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”.
07:40
And several things are important.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
07:43
Number one: temperature and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“: ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
07:46
go up and down basically in sync.
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื.
07:48
You can see that from the orange line and the blue line.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื ื•ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
07:51
Nature naturally has allowed carbon dioxide to go up to 280 parts per million.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืจืฉื” ืœืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืœ-280 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
07:58
That's the natural cycle.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
08:00
Goes up to 280 and then drops
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ืขื•ืœื” ืœ-280 ื•ืื– ืฆื•ื ื—
08:02
for various reasons that aren't important to discuss right here.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื”.
08:05
But 280 is the peak.
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ืื‘ืœ 280 ื–ื• ื”ืคืกื’ื”.
08:07
Right now, if you look at the top right part of that graph,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืืœ ื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ,
08:10
we're at 385 parts per million.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘-385 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
08:12
We are way, way outside the normal, natural variability.
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ืื ื• ื”ืจื—ืง, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื ืขื“ ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
08:17
Earth is having a fever.
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ืœื›ื“ื•ื”"ื ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื—ืช.
08:19
In the past hundred years, the temperature of the Earth
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื
08:22
has gone up 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit, .75 degrees Celsius,
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ืขืœืชื” 1.3 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, 0.75 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก,
08:27
and it's going to keep going up
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช
08:29
because we keep dumping fossil fuels into the atmosphere.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
08:32
At the rate of about two and a half parts per million per year.
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›-2.5 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื”.
08:35
It's been a remorseless, steady increase.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ืช.
08:38
We have to turn that around.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:40
That's the crux, and someday I hope to emblazon that
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ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื•
08:43
across Times Square in New York and a lot of other places.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
08:46
But anyway, off to the world of ice.
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื—.
08:48
We're now at the Columbia Glacier in Alaska.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ 'ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”' ื‘ืืœืกืงื”.
08:50
This is a view of what's called the calving face.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
08:53
This is what one of our cameras saw over the course of a few months.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื—ืช ืžื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืจืืชื” ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
08:56
You see the glacier flowing in from the right,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืจื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ,
09:00
dropping off into the sea, camera shooting every hour.
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ืฆื•ื ื— ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืฆืœืžืช ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”.
09:03
If you look in the middle background,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืข,
09:05
you can see the calving face bobbing up and down like a yo-yo.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ื™ื•-ื™ื•.
09:09
That means that glacier's floating and it's unstable,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืฆืฃ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘,
09:12
and you're about to see the consequences of that floating.
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ื•ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื•.
09:15
To give you a little bit of a sense of scale,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”
09:18
that calving face in this picture
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•
09:20
is about 325 feet tall. That's 32 stories.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืžื˜ืจ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื” 32 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
09:25
This is not a little cliff. This is like a major office building in an urban center.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฆื•ืง ืงื˜ืŸ. ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
09:30
The calving face is the wall where the visible ice breaks off,
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื— ื”ื ืจืื” ื ืฉื‘ืจ,
09:35
but in fact, it goes down below sea level another couple thousand feet.
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ืืš ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›-600 ืžื˜ืจ.
09:40
So there's a wall of ice a couple thousand feet deep
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื›-600 ืžื˜ืจ
09:44
going down to bedrock if the glacier's grounded on bedrock,
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ื™ื•ืจื“ ืืœ ื”ืกืœืข ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ืื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืงื ืขืœ ืกืœืข,
09:48
and floating if it isn't.
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ื•ืฆืฃ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื.
09:52
Here's what Columbia's done. This is in south central Alaska.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”'ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”' ืขืฉื”. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืืœืกืงื”.
09:56
This was an aerial picture I did one day in June three years ago.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
10:01
This is an aerial picture we did this year.
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืฉื ื”.
10:04
That's the retreat of this glacier.
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ื–ื• ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
10:07
The main stem, the main flow of the glacier is coming from the right
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ
10:11
and it's going very rapidly up that stem.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ืขื”.
10:14
We're going to be up there in just a few more weeks,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื™ื,
10:18
and we expect that it's probably retreated another half a mile,
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื— ื ืกื•ื’ ืขื•ื“ 800 ืžื˜ืจ,
10:21
but if I got there and discovered that it had collapsed
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื•ืื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜
10:24
and it was five miles further back, I wouldn't be the least bit surprised.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื 8 ืง"ืž ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืชืข ื›ืœืœ.
10:29
Now it's really hard to grasp the scale of these places,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
10:32
because as the glaciers --
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื --
10:34
one of the things is that places like Alaska and Greenland are huge,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœืกืงื” ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ ื”ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
10:37
they're not normal landscapes --
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ื”ื ืœื ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื --
10:39
but as the glaciers are retreating, they're also deflating,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื ืžืฆื˜ืžืงื™ื,
10:43
like air is being let out of a balloon.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื‘ืœื•ืŸ.
10:46
And so, there are features on this landscape.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
10:49
There's a ridge right in the middle of the picture, up above where that arrow comes in,
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ื™ืฉ ืจื›ืก ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืžืขืœ ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื—ืฅ ืžื•ืคื™ืข,
10:53
that shows you that a little bit.
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ืฉืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืขื˜.
10:55
There's a marker line called the trim line
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ื™ืฉ ืงื• ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ืงื• ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš
10:58
above our little red illustration there.
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ืžืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื“ื•ื.
11:02
This is something no self-respecting photographer would ever do --
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืฆืœื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืขื•ืœื --
11:04
you put some cheesy illustration on your shot, right? --
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ืืชื” ืฉื ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? --
11:07
and yet you have to do it sometimes to narrate these points.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
11:11
But, in any case, the deflation of this glacier since 1984
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืฆื˜ืžืงื•ืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืื– 1984
11:15
has been higher than the Eiffel Tower, higher than the Empire State Building.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืคื™ื™ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜.
11:20
A tremendous amount of ice has been let out of these valleys
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ืžื”ืขืžืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:23
as it's retreated and deflated, gone back up valley.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืžืง, ื ืขืœื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืขืžืง.
11:28
These changes in the alpine world are accelerating.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ ืžืื™ืฆื™ื.
11:31
It's not static.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืข.
11:33
Particularly in the world of sea ice,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื™ืžื™,
11:36
the rate of natural change is outstripping predictions of just a few years ago,
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ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
11:40
and the processes either are accelerating
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ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžืื™ืฆื™ื,
11:43
or the predictions were too low to begin with.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
11:45
But in any case, there are big, big changes happening as we speak.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ.
11:50
So, here's another time-lapse shot of Columbia.
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ืื–, ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืชืฆืœื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”'.
11:54
And you see where it ended in these various spring days,
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
11:57
June, May, then October.
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ื™ื•ื ื™, ืžืื™ ื•ืื– ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ.
11:59
Now we turn on our time lapse.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
12:01
This camera was shooting every hour.
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ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆื™ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”.
12:03
Geologic process in action here.
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืืŸ.
12:05
And everybody says, well don't they advance in the winter time?
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ื•ื›ืœื•ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ืื ื”ื (ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื) ืœื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ?
12:08
No. It was retreating through the winter because it's an unhealthy glacier.
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ืœื. ื”ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื.
12:11
Finally catches up to itself, it advances.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื.
12:18
And you can look at these pictures over and over again
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
12:20
because there's such a strange, bizarre fascination in seeing
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื–ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื”
12:24
these things you don't normally get to see come alive.
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ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืžื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”.
12:27
We've been talking about "seeing is believing "
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ "ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ"
12:29
and seeing the unseen at TED Global.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘-TED Global.
12:32
That's what you see with these cameras.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
12:35
The images make the invisible visible.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื ืจืื”.
12:42
These huge crevasses open up.
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ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืคืชื—ื™ื.
12:44
These great ice islands break off --
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ืื™ื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื ืชืงื™ื --
12:47
and now watch this.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื–ื”.
12:49
This has been the springtime this year --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” --
12:57
a huge collapse. That happened in about a month,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช. ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
12:59
the loss of all that ice.
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ื–ื”.
13:11
So that's where we started three years ago,
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
13:13
way out on the left, and that's where we were a few months ago, the
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ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื,
13:15
last time we went into Columbia.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื ื• ืืœ ื”'ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”'.
13:18
To give you a feeling for the scale of the retreat,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื”,
13:20
we did another cheesy illustration,
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคืช,
13:22
with British double-decker buses.
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ืขื ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
13:25
If you line up 295 of those nose to tail, that's about how far back that was.
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ืื ืชืกื“ืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” 295 ื›ืืœื” ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”.
13:30
It's a long way.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื”.
13:35
On up to Iceland.
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ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื™ืกืœื ื“.
13:37
One of my favorite glaciers, the Sรณlheimajรถkull.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™, ื”'ืกื•ืœื•ืžื”ื™ื•ืงื•'.
13:43
And here, if you watch, you can see the terminus retreating.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื ื•ืกื’.
13:46
You can see this river being formed.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ.
13:48
You can see it deflating.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื˜ืžืง.
13:56
Without the photographic process, you would never see this. This is invisible.
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ืœืœื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”.
14:00
You can stand up there your whole life and you would never see this,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
14:03
but the camera records it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
14:09
So we wind time backwards now.
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ืื– ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
14:13
We go back a couple years in time.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
14:15
That's where it started.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
14:23
That's where it ended a few months ago.
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืกื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื.
14:28
And on up to Greenland.
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ื•ื”ืœืื” ืœื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“.
14:31
The smaller the ice mass, the faster it responds to climate.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืช ื”ืงืจื— ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
14:35
Greenland took a little while to start reacting
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ืœื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ ืœืงื— ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘
14:38
to the warming climate of the past century,
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ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช,
14:41
but it really started galloping along about 20 years ago.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื“ื”ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›-20 ืฉื ื”.
14:45
And there's been a tremendous increase in the temperature up there.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”.
14:48
It's a big place. That's all ice.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืงืจื—.
14:50
All those colors are ice and it goes up to about two miles thick,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืงืจื— ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 3.2 ืง"ืž,
14:54
just a gigantic dome that comes in from the coast and rises in the middle.
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ืจืง ื›ื™ืคื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข,
14:58
The one glacier up in Greenland
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ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“
15:00
that puts more ice into the global ocean
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ืฉืฉื•ืคืš ืืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื—
15:02
than all the other glaciers in the northern hemisphere combined
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
15:05
is the Ilulissat Glacier.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ 'ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ืกื˜'.
15:07
We have some cameras on the south edge of the Ilulissat,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”'ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ืกื˜',
15:10
watching the calving face as it goes through this dramatic retreat.
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ื”ืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
15:14
Here's a two-year record of what that looks like.
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ื”ื ื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
15:16
Helicopter in front of the calving face for scale, quickly dwarfed.
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ืžืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื’ื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžื”ืจื”.
15:21
The calving face is four and a half miles across,
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 7.2 ืง"ืž,
15:23
and in this shot, as we pull back, you're only seeing about a mile and a half.
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ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืจืง ื›-2.4 ืง"ืž.
15:26
So, imagine how big this is
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ืื–, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
15:28
and how much ice is charging out.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืงืจื— ืžืกืชืขืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
15:30
The interior of Greenland is to the right.
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ืคื ื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ
15:32
It's flowing out to the Atlantic Ocean on the left.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืจื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ.
15:35
Icebergs, many, many, many, many times the size of this building, are roaring out to sea.
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ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื™ื.
15:41
We just downloaded these pictures a couple weeks ago,
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ืจืง ื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
15:43
as you can see. June 25th,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช. 25 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™,
15:47
monster calving events happened.
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ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืคืœืฆืชื™ ืงืจื”.
15:49
I'll show you one of those in a second.
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข.
15:51
This glacier has doubled its flow speed in the past 15 years.
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ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœื• ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
15:56
It now goes at 125 feet a day, dumping all this ice into the ocean.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชืงื“ื 38 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื–ื•ืจืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
16:01
It tends to go in these pulses, about every three days,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื,
16:03
but on average, 125 feet a day,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, 38 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื,
16:05
twice the rate it did 20 years ago.
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ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื• ืœืคื™ 20 ืฉื ื”.
16:09
Okay. We had a team out watching this glacier,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืฆืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
16:13
and we recorded the biggest calving event that's ever been put on film.
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ื•ืชื™ืขื“ื ื• ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื˜ ืžืขื•ืœื.
16:16
We had nine cameras going.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืชืฉืข ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
16:18
This is what a couple of the cameras saw.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืจืื•.
16:22
A 400-foot-tall calving face breaking off.
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ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 120 ืžื˜ืจ.
16:26
Huge icebergs rolling over.
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ื’ื•ืฉื™ ืงืจื— ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
17:13
Okay, how big was that? It's hard to get it.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”? ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื–ื”.
17:16
So an illustration again, gives you a feeling for scale.
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ืื– ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
17:19
A mile of retreat in 75 minutes
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ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ 1.6 ืง"ืž ื‘-75 ื“ืงื•ืช
17:22
across the calving face, in that particular event, three miles wide.
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ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 4.8 ืง"ืž.
17:26
The block was three-fifths of a mile deep,
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ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
17:28
and if you compare the expanse of the calving face
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ
17:31
to the Tower Bridge in London, about 20 bridges wide.
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ืœื’ืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ 20 ื’ืฉืจื™ื.
17:34
Or if you take an American reference, to the U.S. Capitol Building
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ืื• ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช, ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
17:38
and you pack 3,000 Capitol Buildings into that block,
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ื•ืื ืื•ืจื–ื™ื 3,000 ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืงืคื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื,
17:42
it would be equivalent to how large that block was.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
17:47
75 minutes.
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75 ื“ืงื•ืช.
17:51
Now I've come to the conclusion
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
17:53
after spending a lot of time in this climate change world
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
17:56
that we don't have a problem of economics, technology and public policy.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
18:00
We have a problem of perception.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื”.
18:03
The policy and the economics and the technology are serious enough issues,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง,
18:06
but we actually can deal with them.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ.
18:08
I'm certain that we can.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
18:11
But what we have is a perception problem
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืชืคื™ืกื”
18:13
because not enough people really get it yet.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
18:17
You're an elite audience. You get it.
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ืืชื ืงื”ืœ ืขื™ืœื™ืช, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
18:19
Fortunately, a lot of the political leaders in the major countries of the world
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
18:23
are an elite audience that for the most part gets it now.
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ื”ื ืงื”ืœ ืขื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืขืช.
18:27
But we still need to bring a lot of people along with us.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื ื•.
18:30
And that's where I think organizations like TED,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• TED,
18:34
like the Extreme Ice Survey can have a terrific impact
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืœืกืงืจ ืงืจื— ื”ืขื“ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
18:37
on human perception and bring us along.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืชื.
18:40
Because I believe we have an opportunity right now.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
18:42
We are nearly on the edge of a crisis,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
18:45
but we still have an opportunity to face the greatest challenge
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืื’ืชืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
18:49
of our generation and, in fact, of our century.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœ, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืžืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
18:52
This is a terrific, terrific call to arms
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช, ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช
18:56
to do the right thing for ourselves and for the future.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
18:59
I hope that we have the wisdom to let the angels of our better nature
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืชืช ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
19:02
rise to the occasion and do what needs to be done. Thank you.
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
19:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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