How to rob a bank (from the inside, that is) | William Black

147,308 views ใƒป 2014-05-12

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Michal Shargil Ben Sira ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So today's top chef class is in how to rob a bank,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉืฃ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื: "ืื™ืš ืœืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืง",
00:16
and it's clear that the general public needs guidance,
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
00:20
because the average bank robbery nets
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ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
00:23
only 7,500 dollars.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 7,500 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื ื˜ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
00:26
Rank amateurs who know nothing
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ื–ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช.
00:28
about how to cook the books.
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00:30
The folks who know, of course,
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ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
00:32
run our largest banks,
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ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:34
and in the last go-around,
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ื•ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
00:36
they cost us over 11 trillion dollars.
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ื”ื ืขืœื• ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-11 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
00:41
That's what 11 trillion looks like.
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ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื™ื 11 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
00:43
That's how many zeros?
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:45
And cost us over 10 million jobs as well.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
00:48
So our task is to educate ourselves
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
00:51
so that we can understand
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื
00:52
why we have these recurrent,
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00:54
intensifying financial crises,
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ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื,
00:56
and how we can prevent them in the future.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
01:00
And the answer to that is
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื,
01:02
that we have to stop epidemics of control fraud.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื’ืคืช ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
01:06
Control fraud is what happens
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ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
01:08
when the people who control,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—,
01:10
typically a CEO,
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ื‘ื“"ื› ืžื ื›"ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ,
01:12
a seemingly legitimate entity,
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืงื™-ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
01:14
use it as a weapon to defraud.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืื”.
01:17
And these are the weapons of mass destruction
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™.
01:20
in the financial world.
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01:22
They also follow in finance a particular strategy,
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ื”ื ื’ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
01:27
because the weapon of choice in finance
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™
01:30
is accounting,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
01:31
and there is a recipe for accounting
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ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ
01:35
control fraud, and how it occurs.
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ืœื”ื•ื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”; ืื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื”.
01:37
And we discovered this recipe
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ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขื ื• ืœืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
01:39
in quite an odd way that I'll come back to in a moment.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืš.
01:42
First ingredient in the recipe: grow like crazy;
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ: ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช.
01:46
second, by making or buying really crappy loans,
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ื”ืฉื ื™: ืžืชืŸ ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
01:51
but loans that are made at a very high interest rate
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“ ืื• ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“;
01:54
or yield;
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ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ - ื•ื‘ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช --
01:56
three, while employing extreme leverage --
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01:58
that just means a lot of debt --
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01:59
compared to your equity;
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช;
02:01
and four, while providing only trivial loss reserves
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™: ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืจื–ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
02:05
against the inevitable losses.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืขื™ื.
02:07
If you follow those four simple steps,
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ืื ืชืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืง ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
02:11
and any bank can follow them,
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02:13
then you are mathematically guaranteed
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ืื– ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื›ื
02:15
to have three things occur.
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ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉื• 3 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
02:18
The first thing is
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื:
02:19
you will report record bank profits --
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ืืชื ืชื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™-ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื --
02:23
not just high, record.
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ืœื ืกืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืืœื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืฉื™ื.
02:25
Two, the CEO will immediately be made incredibly wealthy
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื
02:30
by modern executive compensation.
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
02:33
And three, farther down the road,
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:36
the bank will suffer catastrophic losses
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ื”ื‘ื ืง ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืืกื•ืŸ
02:39
and will fail unless it is bailed out.
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ื•ื™ืงืจื•ืก, ืืœื ืื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ.
02:42
And that's a hint as to how
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืžื– ืœืื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
02:46
we discovered this recipe,
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02:48
because we discovered it through an autopsy process.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
02:52
During the savings and loan debacle in 1984,
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ื‘ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœ 1984,
02:57
we looked at every single failure,
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,
02:59
and we looked for common characteristics,
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03:02
and we discovered this recipe was common
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ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
03:06
to each of these frauds.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช.
03:08
In other words, a coroner could find these things
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžืงืจื™-ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:11
because this is a fatal recipe
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืœื ื™
03:14
that will destroy the banks
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ืฉื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื
03:16
as well as the economy.
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ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
03:18
And it also turns out to be precisely
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื’ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
03:21
what could have stopped this crisis,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:23
the one that cost us 11 trillion dollars
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ื–ื” ืฉืขืœื” ืœื ื• 11 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
03:26
just in the household sector,
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ืจืง ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
03:28
that cost us 10 million jobs,
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ื•ื‘-10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
03:30
was the easiest financial crisis by far
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ืžืจื™
03:33
to have avoided completely
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03:36
if we had simply learned the lessons
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ืื™ืœื• ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคืช ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
03:38
of epidemics of control fraud,
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03:40
particularly using this recipe.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื”.
03:43
So let's go to this crisis,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:45
and the two huge epidemics
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ื•ืœืฉืชื™ ืžื’ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง
03:47
of loan origination fraud that drove the crisis --
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ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื“ื—ืคื” ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ
03:51
appraisal fraud and liar's loans --
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--ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื--
03:54
and what we're going to see
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื™ื“, ื›ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืืœื”,
03:55
in looking at both of these is
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03:58
we got warnings that were incredibly early
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:01
about these frauds.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืืœื”.
04:03
We got warnings that we could have taken advantage of easily,
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
04:07
because back in the savings and loan debacle,
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ื›ื™ ืื–, ื‘ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
04:09
we had figured out how to respond
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:12
and prevent these crises.
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04:14
And three, the warnings were unambiguous.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช.
04:17
They were obvious that what was going on
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช
04:20
was an epidemic of accounting control fraud building up.
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ืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช.
04:25
Let's take appraisal fraud first.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื•ืช.
04:27
This is simply where you inflate the value
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ื›ืืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื ืคื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš
04:29
of the home that is being pledged
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืžื•ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.
04:32
as security for the loan.
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04:35
In 2000, the year 2000,
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ื‘-2000, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000,
04:38
that is over a year before Enron fails, by the way,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช "ืื ืจื•ืŸ", ืื’ื‘,
04:43
the honest appraisers got together a formal petition
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ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืืจื’ื ื• ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช
04:47
begging the federal government to act,
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ืฉื”ืคืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”,
04:50
and the industry to act,
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ื•ื”ืคืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”,
04:52
to stop this epidemic of appraisal fraud.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื•ืช.
04:56
And the appraisers explained how it was occurring,
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ื•ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”:
04:59
that banks were demanding that appraisers
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ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฉืžืื™ื ืœื ืคื— ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:03
inflate the appraisal,
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05:04
and that if the appraisers refused to do so,
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ื•ืื ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื•,
05:08
they, the banks, would blacklist
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ื”ื, ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”
05:12
honest appraisers
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ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื
05:14
and refuse to use them.
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ื•ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื.
05:16
Now, we've seen this before
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
05:19
in the savings and loan debacle,
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05:20
and we know that this kind of fraud
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ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืจืง ืžื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื,
05:22
can only originate from the lenders,
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05:25
and that no honest lender would ever inflate
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ื•ืฉืฉื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœื ื™ื ืคื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
05:28
the appraisal,
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05:29
because it's the great protection against loss.
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื.
05:32
So this was an incredibly early warning, 2000.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืจืื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ื‘-2000.
05:36
It was something we'd seen before,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื•,
05:38
and it was completely unambiguous.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
05:40
This was an epidemic of accounting control fraud
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช
05:44
led by the banks.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื.
05:45
What about liar's loans?
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ืžื” ืขื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื?
05:47
Well, that warning actually comes earlier.
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ื”ื”ืชืจืื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช:
05:51
The savings and loan debacle is basically
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืฉื”
05:54
the early 1980s through 1993,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ื•ืขื“ 1993,
05:57
and in the midst of fighting that wave
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช,
06:00
of accounting control fraud,
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06:02
in 1990, we found that a second front
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ื‘-1990,
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื ืคืชื—ื” ื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช.
06:07
of fraud was being started.
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06:09
And like all good financial frauds in America,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
06:11
it began in Orange County, California.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืื•ืจื ื’' ืฉื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:15
And we happened to be the regional regulators for it.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื– ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื.
06:18
And our examiners said,
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ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืžืจื•, ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
06:20
they are making loans without even checking
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06:23
what the borrower's income is.
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
06:25
This is insane, it has to lead to massive losses,
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ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
06:30
and it only makes sense for entities engaged
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
06:34
in these accounting control frauds.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
06:36
And we said, yeah, you're absolutely right,
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ืืžืจื ื•, ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜,
06:38
and we drove those liar's loans
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ื•ืกื™ืœืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
06:41
out of the industry in 1990 and 1991,
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ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื”, ื‘-1990 ื•ื‘-1991,
06:46
but we could only deal with the industry
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืจืง ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืชื—ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•,
06:48
we had jurisdiction over,
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06:50
which was savings and loans,
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ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
06:52
and so the biggest and the baddest of the frauds,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:55
Long Beach Savings, voluntarily gave up
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"ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ'", ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื
06:58
its federal savings and loan charter,
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ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
07:01
gave up federal deposit insurance,
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ื”ื ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™, ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื ืง ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช,
07:03
converted to become a mortgage bank
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07:06
for the sole purpose of escaping our jurisdiction,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืืš ื•ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื ื•,
07:09
and changed its name to Ameriquest,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื ืœ"ืืžืจื™ืงื•ื•ืกื˜",
07:11
and became the most notorious
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื
07:13
of the liar's loans frauds early on,
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ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžืฆื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”,
07:17
and to add to that,
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07:18
they deliberately predated upon minorities.
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืฆื“ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื.
07:23
So we knew again about this crisis.
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ืื–, ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
07:27
We'd seen it before. We'd stopped it before.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื•. ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืจื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
07:31
We had incredibly early warnings of it,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•,
07:34
and it was absolutely unambiguous
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™
07:36
that no honest lender would make loans in this fashion.
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ืฉืฉื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœื ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•.
07:40
So let's take a look at the reaction
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ืื ื›ืš, ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
07:43
of the industry and the regulators
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”, ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ
07:46
and the prosecutors to these clear
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
07:48
early warnings that could have prevented the crisis.
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07:53
Start with the industry.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”.
07:55
The industry responded between 2003 and 2006
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 2003 ืœ-2006
08:01
by increasing liar's loans
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ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื
08:04
by over 500 percent.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-500%.
08:09
These were the loans
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืคื—ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขื”
08:11
that hyperinflated the bubble
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08:12
and produced the economic crisis.
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ื•ื—ื•ืœืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
08:16
By 2006, half of all the loans called subprime
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ืขื“ 2006, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื• "ืกืื‘-ืคืจื™ื™ื"
08:21
were also liar's loans.
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจื ื™ื.
08:23
They're not mutually exclusive, it's just that together,
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
08:26
they're the most toxic combination
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืจืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
08:29
you can possibly imagine.
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08:31
By 2006, 40 percent of all the loans
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ืขื“ 2006, 40% ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”,
08:34
made that year, all the home loans made that year,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”,
08:37
were liar's loans,
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจื ื™ื,
08:40
40 percent.
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40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
08:41
And this is despite a warning
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ื•ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื”
08:44
from the industry's own antifraud experts
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”,
08:47
that said that these loans were an open invitation
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ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืœืจืžืื™ื,
08:50
to fraudsters,
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08:52
and that they had a fraud incidence
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 90%.
08:54
of 90 percent,
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08:56
nine zero.
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ืชืฉืข ื•ืืคืก.
08:59
In response to that, the industry
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”
09:02
first started calling these loans liar's loans,
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” "ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจื ื™ื",
09:07
which lacks a certain subtlety,
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ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ, [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:11
and second, massively increased them,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”,
09:14
and no government regulator ever
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ื•ืฉื•ื ืžืคืงื— ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
09:17
required or encouraged any lender
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ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื• ืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจื ื™ื,
09:21
to make a liar's loan
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09:22
or anyone to purchase a liar's loan,
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ืื• ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
09:25
and that explicitly includes Fannie and Freddie.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ ื•ืคืจื“ื™ ืžืง.
09:28
This came from the lenders
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื
09:30
because of the fraud recipe.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื”.
09:33
What happened to appraisal fraud?
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ืขื ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื•ืช?
09:36
It expanded remarkably as well.
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ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื™ืคื” ืžืื“.
09:39
By 2007, when a survey of appraisers was done,
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ืขื“ 2007, ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืื™ื,
09:43
90 percent of appraisers reported
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90% ืžื”ืฉืžืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื•
09:46
that they had been subject to coercion
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื
09:48
from the lenders trying to get them
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09:51
to inflate an appraisal.
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ืœื ืคื— ืืช ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื”ื.
09:52
In other words, both forms of fraud
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ืื”
09:55
became absolutely endemic and normal,
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ื ืขืฉื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช,
09:59
and this is what drove the bubble.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืคื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขื”.
10:01
What happened in the governmental sector?
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™?
10:04
Well, the government, as I told you,
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื,
10:06
when we were the savings and loan regulators,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
10:09
we could only deal with our industry,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ืจืง ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—ื ื•,
10:12
and if people gave up their federal deposit insurance,
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ื•ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
10:14
we couldn't do anything to them.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื.
10:16
Congress, it may strike you as impossible,
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ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก, ื’ื ืื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ,
10:20
but actually did something intelligent in 1994,
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ืื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘-1994,
10:23
and passed the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืš,
10:26
that gave the Fed, and only the Federal Reserve,
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ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœ"ืคื“ืจืœ ืจื–ืจื‘", ื•ืจืง ืœื•,
10:30
the explicit, statutory authority to ban liar's loans
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ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœืืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืงืจื ื™ื
10:34
by every lender,
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ืžืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืžืœื•ื•ื”,
10:36
whether or not they had federal deposit insurance.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืคื“ืจืœื™.
10:39
So what did Ben Bernanke and Alan Greenspan,
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ืื– ืžื” ืขืฉื• ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื ื ืงื™ ื•ืืœืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืกืคืŸ,
10:42
as chairs of the Fed, do
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”"ืคื“ืจืœ ืจื–ืจื‘",
10:44
when they got these warnings
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
10:46
that these were massively fraudulent loans
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
10:49
and that they were being sold to the secondary market?
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื ื™?
10:53
Remember, there's no fraud exorcist.
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.
10:55
Once it starts out a fraudulent loan,
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ืžืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ื›ื”ื•ื ืื”,
10:57
it can only be sold to the secondary market
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ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื ื™
10:59
through more frauds,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช,
11:00
lying about the reps and warrantees,
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11:03
and then those people are going to produce
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ื•ืื– ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคื™ืงื•
11:05
mortgage-backed securities
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ืขืจื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช-ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช
11:06
and exotic derivatives
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11:07
which are also going to be supposedly backed
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ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
11:10
by those fraudulent loans.
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ืข"ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.
11:12
So the fraud is going to progress
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
11:14
through the entire system,
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11:15
hyperinflate the bubble, produce a disaster.
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ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืคื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืกื•ืŸ.
11:18
And remember, we had experience with this.
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ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื–ื”.
11:22
We had seen significant losses,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื,
11:24
and we had experience of competent regulators
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื
11:27
in stopping it.
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:29
Greenspan and Bernanke refused
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ื’ืจื™ื ืกืคืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื ื ืงื™ ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
11:32
to use the authority under the statute
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11:34
to stop liar's loans.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื.
11:37
And this was a matter first of dogma.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช-ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:39
They're just horrifically opposed
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืขื“ ืื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
11:42
to anything regulatory.
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11:44
But it is also the international competition in laxity,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื’ื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช,
11:49
the race to the bottom
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ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช
11:50
between the United States and the United Kingdom,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช,
11:54
the city of London, in particular,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
11:55
and the city of London won that race to the bottom,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
11:58
but it meant that all regulation in the West
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
12:02
was completely degraded
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ื ื”ืจืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ืžืช ื”ื–ืืช,
12:04
in this stupid competition to be
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12:06
who could have the weakest regulation.
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ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืจื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:08
So that was the regulatory response.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
12:11
What about the response of the prosecutors
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ืžื” ืขื ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
12:14
after the crisis,
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12:16
after 11 trillion dollars in losses,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœ 11 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
12:20
after 10 million jobs lost,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
12:22
a crisis in which the losses and the frauds
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช
12:25
were more than 70 times larger
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 70 ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช?
12:29
than the savings and loan debacle?
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12:31
Well, in the savings and loan debacle,
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ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช
12:33
our agency that regulated savings and loans, OTS,
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ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืคื™ืงื—ื” ืขืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช, ื”ืื•-ื˜ื™-ืืก,
12:37
made over 30,000 criminal referrals,
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30,000 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืฉืข,
12:41
produced over 1,000 felony convictions
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื
12:44
just in cases designated as major,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
12:46
and that understates the degree of prioritization,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช,
12:50
because we worked with the FBI
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ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™
12:51
to create the list of the top 100 fraud schemes,
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืจืฉื™ืžืช 100 ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช,
12:56
the absolute worst of the worst, nationwide.
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ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
12:59
Roughly 300 savings and loans involved,
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ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื” ื›-300 ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
13:02
roughly 600 senior officials.
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ื›-600 ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื.
13:05
Virtually all of them were prosecuted.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ.
13:07
We had a 90 percent conviction rate.
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ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ 90%.
13:10
It's the greatest success against
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ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“
13:12
elite white collar criminals ever,
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ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื,
13:15
and it was because of this understanding
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
13:17
of control fraud
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13:18
and the accounting control fraud mechanism.
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ื•ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช.
13:21
Flash forward to the current crisis.
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ื ืงืคื•ืฅ ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
13:24
The same agency, Office of Thrift Supervision,
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ืื•ืชื” ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
13:26
which was supposed to regulate
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืงื—
13:28
many of the largest makers of liar's loans
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ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ,
13:30
in the country,
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13:31
has made, even today -- it no longer exists,
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื -- ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื,
13:36
but as of a year ago,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”
13:38
it had made zero criminal referrals.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืคืก ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืฉื™ืขื”.
13:43
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency,
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข,
13:44
which is supposed to regulate the largest national banks,
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ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
13:47
has made zero criminal referrals.
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืคืก ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื”.
13:49
The Fed appears to have made
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”"ืคื“ืจืœ ืจื–ืจื‘" ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืคืก ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื”.
13:51
zero criminal referrals.
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13:53
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคืงื“ื•ื ื•ืช
13:55
is smart enough to refuse to answer the question.
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ื—ื›ื ื“ื™ื• ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:59
Without any guidance from the regulators,
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ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—,
14:05
there's no expertise in the FBI
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
14:08
to investigate complex frauds.
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14:10
It isn't simply that they've had
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื
14:12
to reinvent the wheel
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ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง;
14:14
of how to do these prosecutions;
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14:16
they've forgotten that the wheel exists,
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ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ,
14:21
and therefore, we have zero prosecutions,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคืก ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช,
14:25
and of course, zero convictions,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืืคืก ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช,
14:28
of any of the elite bank frauds,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช,
14:30
the Wall Street types,
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ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
14:32
that drove this crisis.
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14:35
With no expertise coming from the regulators,
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžืคืงื—,
14:37
the FBI formed what it calls a partnership
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ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื” "ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช"
14:40
with the Mortgage Bankers Association in 2007.
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ืขื ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘-2007.
14:45
The Mortgage Bankers Association
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ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืกื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื.
14:46
is the trade association of the perps.
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14:50
And the Mortgage Bankers Association
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ื•ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
14:53
set out, it had the audacity and the success
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ื ืขืจืš -- ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—
14:56
to con the FBI.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™.
14:58
It had created a supposed definition
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื” ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื™ืช,
15:01
of mortgage fraud, in which, guess what,
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ืฉื‘ื”, ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
15:04
its members are always the victim
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืš ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื.
15:06
and never the perpetrators.
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15:08
And the FBI has bought this hook, line, sinker,
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ื•ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™ ื‘ืœืข ืืช ื–ื”,
ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื›ื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื”.
15:12
rod, reel and the boat they rode out in.
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15:17
And so the FBI,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™,
15:20
under the leadership of an attorney general
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ื›ืœืœื™,
15:23
who is African-American
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
15:24
and a president of the United States who is African-American,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
15:26
have adopted the Tea Party definition of the crisis,
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ืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉ"ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื”" ื ืชื ื” ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ,
15:30
in which it is the first virgin crisis in history,
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ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
15:33
conceived without sin in the executive ranks.
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ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื˜ื ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:37
And it's those oh-so-clever hairdressers
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ื•ืจืง ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™-ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื™ื
15:40
who were able to defraud the poor, pitiful banks,
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ื”ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื,
15:44
who lack any financial sophistication.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื.
15:46
It is the silliest story you can conceive of,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช,
15:49
and so they go and they prosecute the hairdressers,
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืชื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื•ืช,
15:53
and they leave the banksters alone entirely.
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ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื.
15:57
And so, while lions are roaming the campsite,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื”,
16:00
the FBI is chasing mice.
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ื”ืืฃ-ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™ ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื.
16:04
What do we need to do?
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ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
16:05
What can we do in all of this?
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ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
16:07
We need to change the perverse incentive structures
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืช
16:11
that produce these recurrent epidemics
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ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
16:14
of accounting control fraud
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ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช
16:16
that are driving our crises.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
16:18
So we have to first get rid
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ
16:20
of the systemically dangerous institutions.
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ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื›ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช.
16:23
These are the so-called too-big-to-fail institutions.
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ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”"ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื-ืžื›ื“ื™-ืœื™ืคื•ืœ".
16:26
We need to shrink them to the point,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
16:29
within the next five years,
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16:30
that they no longer pose a systemic risk.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืื™ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™.
16:33
Right now, they are ticking time bombs
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ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”, ื”ืŸ ืคืฆืฆื•ืช-ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืงืชืงื•ืช
16:35
that will cause a global crisis
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
16:38
as soon as the next one fails --
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ืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืงืจื•ืก--
16:41
not if, when.
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ืœื "ืื", ืืœื "ื›ืืฉืจ".
ืฉื ื™ืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช
16:43
Second thing we need to do is completely reform
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16:45
modern executive and professional compensation,
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ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื,
16:48
which is what they use to suborn the appraisers.
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ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื”ื ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืื™ื.
16:53
Remember, they were pressuring the appraisers
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ื ืœื—ืฆื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื,
16:55
through the compensation system,
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16:56
trying to produce what we call a Gresham's dynamic,
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงืช ื’ืจืฉื",
16:59
in which bad ethics drives good ethics
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืจืข ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง.
17:02
out of the marketplace.
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17:03
And they largely succeeded,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื ื•ืจืžื”.
17:05
which is how the fraud became endemic.
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17:08
And the third thing that we need to do
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
17:11
is deal with what we call the three D's:
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ืคื’ืขื™ื:
17:13
deregulation, desupervision,
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ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”
17:16
and the de facto decriminalization.
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ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืฉืข ืœื—ื•ืงื™.
17:20
Because we can make
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ 3 ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
17:22
all three of these changes, and if we do so,
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ื•ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
17:26
we can dramatically reduce
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ื ืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
17:28
how often we have a crisis
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17:31
and how severe those crises are.
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ื•ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
17:34
That is not simply critical to our economy.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•:
17:37
You can see what these crises do to inequality
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืขื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ
17:41
and what they do to our democracy.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
17:43
They have produced crony capitalism,
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
17:46
American-style,
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17:47
in which the largest financial institutions
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:50
are the leading financial donors of both parties,
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ื”ื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช
17:54
and that's the reason why
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
17:56
even after this crisis,
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18:00
70 times larger than the savings and loan crisis,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื™ 70 ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
18:05
we have no meaningful reforms
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
18:08
in any of the three areas that I've talked about,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™,
18:11
other than banning liar's loans,
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ืคืจื˜ ืœื”ื—ืจืžืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ื,
18:13
which is good,
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ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
18:14
but that's just one form of ammunition
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช
18:17
for this fraud weapon.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืง ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื”.
18:18
There are many forms of ammunition they can use.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช.
18:22
That's why we need to learn
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืžื–ืžืŸ:
18:24
what the bankers have learned:
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18:26
the recipe for the best way to rob a bank,
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ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
18:29
so that we can stop that recipe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
18:32
because our legislators,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
18:34
who are dependent on political contributions,
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ืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื.
18:37
will not do it on their own.
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18:39
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
18:41
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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