4 ways to make a city more walkable | Jeff Speck

1,117,136 views ใƒป 2017-03-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nurit Noy
00:12
So I'm here to talk to you about the walkable city.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
00:15
What is the walkable city?
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ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”?
00:17
Well, for want of a better definition,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:19
it's a city in which the car is an optional instrument of freedom,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช,
00:26
rather than a prosthetic device.
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ื•ืœื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
00:28
And I'd like to talk about why we need the walkable city,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”,
00:31
and I'd like to talk about how to do the walkable city.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”,
00:35
Most of the talks I give these days are about why we need it,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ ื›ื–ื•,
00:39
but you guys are smart.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
00:44
And also I gave that talk exactly a month ago,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื›ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
00:47
and you can see it at TED.com.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘-TED.com.
00:49
So today I want to talk about how to do it.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
00:52
In a lot of time thinking about this,
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”
00:54
I've come up with what I call the general theory of walkability.
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ื•ื’ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
00:57
A bit of a pretentious term, it's a little tongue-in-cheek,
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืžืจื ื™, ืงืฆืช ืงืฆืช ื—ืฆื•ืฃ,
01:00
but it's something I've thought about for a long time,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
01:03
and I'd like to share what I think I've figured out.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™.
01:06
In the American city, the typical American city --
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช --
01:09
the typical American city is not Washington, DC,
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
01:11
or New York, or San Francisco;
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ืื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืื• ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•;
01:14
it's Grand Rapids or Cedar Rapids or Memphis --
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ื“ ืจืคื™ื“ืก ืื• ืกื™ื“ืจ ืจืคื™ื“ืก ืื• ืžืžืคื™ืก --
01:17
in the typical American city in which most people own cars
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจื›ื‘
01:20
and the temptation is to drive them all the time,
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ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
01:22
if you're going to get them to walk, then you have to offer a walk
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช, ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
01:26
that's as good as a drive or better.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื”.
01:28
What does that mean?
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ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”?
01:29
It means you need to offer four things simultaneously:
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ:
01:32
there needs to be a proper reason to walk,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื›ืช,
01:34
the walk has to be safe and feel safe,
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ืฉื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”,
01:36
the walk has to be comfortable
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ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื”,
01:38
and the walk has to be interesting.
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ื•ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
01:40
You need to do all four of these things simultaneously,
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
01:42
and that's the structure of my talk today,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:44
to take you through each of those.
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ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:46
The reason to walk is a story I learned from my mentors,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
01:49
Andrรฉs Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk,
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ืื ื“ืจืก ื“ื•ืื ื™ ื•ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช' ืคืœืื˜ืจ-ื–ื™ื‘ืจืง,
01:52
the founders of the New Urbanism movement.
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ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
01:54
And I should say half the slides and half of my talk today
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ื•ืขืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื
01:57
I learned from them.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื”ื.
01:59
It's the story of planning,
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
02:00
the story of the formation of the planning profession.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
02:04
When in the 19th century people were choking
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ื›ืฉื‘ืžืื” ื”-19 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื—ื ืงื•
02:08
from the soot of the dark, satanic mills,
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ืžื”ืืคืจ ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
02:11
the planners said, hey, let's move the housing away from the mills.
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ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืืžืจื•, ื”ื™ื™, ื‘ื ื ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื.
02:15
And lifespans increased immediately, dramatically,
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ื•ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™,
02:19
and we like to say
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ
02:20
the planners have been trying to repeat that experience ever since.
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ืฉื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื–.
02:23
So there's the onset of what we call Euclidean zoning,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืื•ืงืœื™ื“ื™ืช,
02:26
the separation of the landscape into large areas of single use.
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ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ื“.
02:30
And typically when I arrive in a city to do a plan,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ,
02:32
a plan like this already awaits me on the property that I'm looking at.
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ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื™, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื•.
02:37
And all a plan like this guarantees
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”
02:38
is that you will not have a walkable city,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
02:40
because nothing is located near anything else.
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ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:43
The alternative, of course, is our most walkable city,
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ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:47
and I like to say, you know, this is a Rothko,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉื–ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืชืงื•,
02:50
and this is a Seurat.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื”.
02:51
It's just a different way -- he was the pointilist --
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ื–ืืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช -- ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ --
02:54
it's a different way of making places.
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
02:55
And even this map of Manhattan is a bit misleading
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžื˜ืขื”
02:58
because the red color is uses that are mixed vertically.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื ื›ื™
03:02
So this is the big story of the New Urbanists --
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:05
to acknowledge that there are only two ways
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
03:08
that have been tested by the thousands
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ืฉื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœืคื™ื
03:10
to build communities, in the world and throughout history.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
03:13
One is the traditional neighborhood.
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ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.
03:15
You see here several neighborhoods of Newburyport, Massachusetts,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื•ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ืจื˜, ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
03:18
which is defined as being compact and being diverse --
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ืฉืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช,
03:23
places to live, work, shop, recreate, get educated --
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืœืฆืืช ืœืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื‘ืœื•ืช, ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
03:27
all within walking distance.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
03:29
And it's defined as being walkable.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
03:31
There are lots of small streets.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:32
Each one is comfortable to walk on.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
03:34
And we contrast that to the other way,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
03:37
an invention that happened after the Second World War,
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ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
03:40
suburban sprawl,
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ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™,
03:41
clearly not compact, clearly not diverse, and it's not walkable,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื, ืœื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
03:45
because so few of the streets connect,
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ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
03:47
that those streets that do connect become overburdened,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืกื™ื,
03:50
and you wouldn't let your kid out on them.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”ื.
03:52
And I want to thank Alex Maclean, the aerial photographer,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืืœื›ืก ืžืงืœื™ืŸ, ื”ืฆืœื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™,
03:55
for many of these beautiful pictures that I'm showing you today.
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:58
So it's fun to break sprawl down into its constituent parts.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
04:02
It's so easy to understand,
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื”,
04:04
the places where you only live, the places where you only work,
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ื’ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
04:07
the places where you only shop,
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ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืงื•ื ื™ื,
04:09
and our super-sized public institutions.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:13
Schools get bigger and bigger,
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื,
04:14
and therefore, further and further from each other.
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
04:17
And the ratio of the size of the parking lot
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ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
04:20
to the size of the school
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
04:21
tells you all you need to know,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช,
04:23
which is that no child has ever walked to this school,
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ืฉื–ื” ืฉืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื”ืœืš ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื–ื”,
04:25
no child will ever walk to this school.
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ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื–ื”.
04:27
The seniors and juniors are driving the freshmen and the sophomores,
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™"ื ื•ื™"ื‘ ืžืกื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™' ื•-ื˜',
04:31
and of course we have the crash statistics to prove it.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื”.
04:34
And then the super-sizing of our other civic institutions
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ื•ืื– ื”ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
04:37
like playing fields --
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ื›ืžื• ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
04:38
it's wonderful that Westin in the Ft. Lauderdale area
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื•ื“ืจื“ื™ื™ืœ (ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”)
04:42
has eight soccer fields and eight baseball diamonds
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ
04:45
and 20 tennis courts,
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ื•-20 ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื˜ื ื™ืก,
04:47
but look at the road that takes you to that location,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:51
and would you let your child bike on it?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื?
04:53
And this is why we have the soccer mom now.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ืืžื ืฉืžืกื™ืขื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ.
04:55
When I was young, I had one soccer field,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืื—ื“,
04:57
one baseball diamond and one tennis court,
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ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื’ืจืฉ ื˜ื ื™ืก ืื—ื“,
04:59
but I could walk to it, because it was in my neighborhood.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
05:02
Then the final part of sprawl that everyone forgot to count:
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื :
05:05
if you're going to separate everything from everything else
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื›ืœ
ื•ืื– ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
05:08
and reconnect it only with automotive infrastructure,
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ืื– ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืจืื” ื›ื›ื”.
05:11
then this is what your landscape begins to look like.
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื:
05:13
The main message here is:
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05:14
if you want to have a walkable city, you can't start with the sprawl model.
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื.
05:18
you need the bones of an urban model.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™.
05:20
This is the outcome of that form of design,
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ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:23
as is this.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื–ื”.
05:24
And this is something that a lot of Americans want.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
05:27
But we have to understand it's a two-part American dream.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ืœื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื.
05:30
If you're dreaming for this,
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ืื ืืชื” ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื–ื”,
05:31
you're also going to be dreaming of this, often to absurd extremes,
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ืืชื” ื’ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื–ื”, ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช,
05:34
when we build our landscape to accommodate cars first.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
05:37
And the experience of being in these places --
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” --
05:39
(Laughter)
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05:40
This is not Photoshopped.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
[ื›ืชื•ื‘:ื”ืจืžื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ืจื•ืง] ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค.
05:42
Walter Kulash took this slide.
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ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ ืงื•ืœืืฉ ืฆื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
05:44
It's in Panama City.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™.
05:46
This is a real place.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™.
05:47
And being a driver can be a bit of a nuisance,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืžื˜ืจื“,
05:50
and being a pedestrian can be a bit of a nuisance
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื’ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืžื˜ืจื“
05:52
in these places.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
05:54
This is a slide that epidemiologists have been showing for some time now,
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ื–ืืช ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืืคื™ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื (ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช) ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ,
05:57
(Laughter)
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05:58
The fact that we have a society where you drive to the parking lot
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื” ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื—ื ื™ื”
06:02
to take the escalator to the treadmill
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:04
shows that we're doing something wrong.
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ืžืจืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:06
But we know how to do it better.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:07
Here are the two models contrasted.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”.
06:09
I show this slide,
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
06:10
which has been a formative document of the New Urbanism now
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ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืกืžืš ืžืขืฆื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
06:13
for almost 30 years,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”,
06:14
to show that sprawl and the traditional neighborhood contain the same things.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:19
It's just how big are they,
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืจืง ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื,
06:20
how close are they to each other,
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”,
06:22
how are they interspersed together
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“
06:23
and do you have a street network, rather than a cul-de-sac
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ื•ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืืจื’ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืกืชื•ื
06:26
or a collector system of streets?
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ืื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”?
06:28
So when we look at a downtown area,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
06:30
at a place that has a hope of being walkable,
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
06:32
and mostly that's our downtowns in America's cities
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
06:35
and towns and villages,
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ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื,
06:37
we look at them and say we want the proper balance of uses.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื.
06:40
So what is missing or underrepresented?
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ืื– ืžื” ื—ืกืจ ืื• ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฆื’?
06:42
And again, in the typical American cities in which most Americans live,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื,
06:46
it is housing that is lacking.
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ืžื” ืฉื—ืกืจ ื”ื ื‘ืชื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.
06:48
The jobs-to-housing balance is off.
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ื™.
06:50
And you find that when you bring housing back,
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ื•ืชืžืฆืื• ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
06:52
these other things start to come back too,
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ื’ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ,
06:54
and housing is usually first among those things.
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืœื”.
06:57
And, of course, the thing that shows up last and eventually
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
07:00
is the schools,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ,
07:01
because the people have to move in,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ,
07:03
the young pioneers have to move in, get older, have kids
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ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ, ืœื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ, ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
07:08
and fight, and then the schools get pretty good eventually.
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ื•ืœื”ืœื—ื, ื•ืื– ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืชืคืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:11
The other part of this part,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืืŸ,
07:14
the useful city part,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช,
07:17
is transit,
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ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
07:19
and you can have a perfectly walkable neighborhood without it.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”.
07:22
But perfectly walkable cities require transit,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
07:25
because if you don't have access to the whole city as a pedestrian,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื’ืœ,
07:29
then you get a car,
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ืื– ืืชื” ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืจื›ื‘,
07:30
and if you get a car,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืจื›ื‘,
07:31
the city begins to reshape itself around your needs,
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
07:34
and the streets get wider and the parking lots get bigger
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ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื™ื,
07:36
and you no longer have a walkable city.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
07:38
So transit is essential.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช.
07:39
But every transit experience, every transit trip,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื”,
07:42
begins or ends as a walk,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื• ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
07:44
and so we have to remember to build walkability around our transit stations.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:48
Next category, the biggest one, is the safe walk.
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ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
07:50
It's what most walkability experts talk about.
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ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
07:53
It is essential, but alone not enough to get people to walk.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื›ืช.
07:57
And there are so many moving parts that add up to a walkable city.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”,
08:00
The first is block size.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง.
08:01
This is Portland, Oregon,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“, ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ,
08:03
famously 200-foot blocks, famously walkable.
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ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 60 ืžื˜ืจ, ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”.
08:06
This is Salt Lake City,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ืง ืกื™ื˜ื™,
08:08
famously 600-foot blocks,
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ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 180 ืžื˜ืจ,
08:10
famously unwalkable.
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ืขื™ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”.
08:11
If you look at the two, it's almost like two different planets,
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ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
08:14
but these places were both built by humans
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 60 ืžื˜ืจ,
08:17
and in fact, the story is that when you have a 200-foot block city,
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08:20
you can have a two-lane city,
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ 2 ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื,
08:22
or a two-to-four lane city,
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ืื• 2-4 ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื,
08:23
and a 600-foot block city is a six-lane city, and that's a problem.
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ื•ืขื™ืจ ืขื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 180 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ 6 ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
08:27
These are the crash statistics.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
08:29
When you double the block size --
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง-
08:31
this was a study of 24 California cities --
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- ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื—ืงืจ 24 ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” -
08:33
when you double the block size,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง,
08:34
you almost quadruple the number of fatal accidents
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ืืชื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช
08:38
on non-highway streets.
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ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
08:40
So how many lanes do we have?
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ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
08:42
This is where I'm going to tell you what I tell every audience I meet,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ืœ ืงื”ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ,
08:46
which is to remind you about induced demand.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข.
08:49
Induced demand applies both to highways and to city streets.
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ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
08:53
And induced demand tells us that when we widen the streets
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ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
08:57
to accept the congestion that we're anticipating,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™,
09:00
or the additional trips that we're anticipating
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ืื• ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช
09:02
in congested systems, it is principally that congestion
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช
09:06
that is constraining demand,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
09:08
and so that the widening comes,
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ื•ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”,
09:10
and there are all of these latent trips that are ready to happen.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
09:13
People move further from work
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- ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
09:14
and make other choices about when they commute,
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ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื,
09:17
and those lanes fill up very quickly with traffic,
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ื•ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
09:19
so we widen the street again, and they fill up again.
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ืื– ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื ืžื™ื“ ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘.
09:22
And we've learned that in congested systems,
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ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืžื•ืกื”,
09:24
we cannot satisfy the automobile.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.
09:26
This is from Newsweek Magazine -- hardly an esoteric publication:
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ื–ื” ืžืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื–ื•ื•ื™ืง - ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
09:30
"Today's engineers acknowledge
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"ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื
09:31
that building new roads usually makes traffic worse."
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืจื™ืคื” ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืงืงื™ื".
09:35
My response to reading this was, may I please meet some of these engineers,
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
09:38
because these are not the ones that I --
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ื›ื™ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ -
09:40
there are great exceptions that I'm working with now --
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ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• -
ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
09:43
but these are not the engineers one typically meets working in a city,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื•, ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืขืžื•ืก ืžื“ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืœ".
09:46
where they say, "Oh, that road is too crowded, we need to add a lane."
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09:50
So you add a lane, and the traffic comes,
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ืื– ืืชื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช,
09:52
and they say, "See, I told you we needed that lane."
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืจื•ืื™ื, ืืžืจื ื• ืœื›ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”".
09:54
This applies both to highways and to city streets if they're congested.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื”ื ืคืงื•ืงื™ื.
09:58
But the amazing thing about most American cities that I work in,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ,
10:01
the more typical cities,
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:03
is that they have a lot of streets that are actually oversized
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™
10:06
for the congestion they're currently experiencing.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
10:08
This was the case in Oklahoma City,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™,
10:10
when the mayor came running to me, very upset,
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ื›ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื ืืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ืžืื•ื“
10:12
because they were named in Prevention Magazine
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข
10:15
the worst city for pedestrians in the entire country.
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ื›ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
10:18
Now that can't possibly be true,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
10:20
but it certainly is enough to make a mayor do something about it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
10:23
We did a walkability study,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
10:24
and what we found, looking at the car counts on the street --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืงืœื•ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
10:28
these are 3,000-, 4,000-, 7,000-car counts
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ืกืคืจื ื• 3,000-4,000-7,000 ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
10:31
and we know that two lanes can handle 10,000 cars per day.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ 2 ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื 10,000 ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
10:35
Look at these numbers -- they're all near or under 10,000 cars,
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-10,000 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
10:40
and these were the streets that were designated
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
10:43
in the new downtown plan
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ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
10:45
to be four lanes to six lanes wide.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ 4-6 ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื.
10:47
So you had a fundamental disconnect between the number of lanes
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืงืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื
10:51
and the number of cars that wanted to use them.
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื”ื.
10:53
So it was my job to redesign every street in the downtown
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
10:57
from curb face to curb face,
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ืžืžื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžื“ืจื›ื”,
10:59
and we did it for 50 blocks of streets,
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-50 ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
11:01
and we're rebuilding it now.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืขืช.
11:02
So a typical oversized street to nowhere
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ืื– ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืจื—ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื•ืžืงื•ื
11:05
is being narrowed, and now under construction,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืจื”, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื”,
11:07
and the project is half done.
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ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
11:09
The typical street like this, you know,
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ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื›ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
11:11
when you do that, you find room for medians.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
11:15
You find room for bike lanes.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
11:17
We've doubled the amount of on-street parking.
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ื”ื›ืคืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘.
11:19
We've added a full bike network where one didn't exist before.
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ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
11:23
But not everyone has the money that Oklahoma City has,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™,
11:26
because they have an extraction economy that's doing quite well.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื ืจืข.
11:29
The typical city is more like Cedar Rapids,
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื™ื“ืจ ืจืคื™ื“ืก,
11:31
where they have an all four-lane system, half one-way system.
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ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื ื—ื“ ืกืชืจื™ื™ื.
11:35
And it's a little hard to see,
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช
11:37
but what we've done -- what we're doing; it's in process right now,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• -ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•; ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ืจื’ืข,
11:40
it's in engineering right now --
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ื–ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข --
11:42
is turning an all four-lane system, half one-way
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื—ืฆื™ื™ื ื—ื“ ืกืชืจื™ื™ื
11:45
into an all two-lane system, all two-way,
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื•-ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœื” ื“ื•-ืกืชืจื™ืช.
11:49
and in so doing, we're adding 70 percent more on-street parking,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื 70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
11:52
which the merchants love,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
11:54
and it protects the sidewalk.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”.
11:55
That parking makes the sidewalk safe,
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ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”,
11:57
and we're adding a much more robust bicycle network.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘ื”.
12:01
Then the lanes themselves. How wide are they?
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ืื– ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื?
12:03
That's really important.
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ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
12:04
The standards have changed such that, as Andrรฉs Duany says,
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ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื“ืจืก ื“ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
12:08
the typical road to a subdivision in America
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ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
12:10
allows you to see the curvature of the Earth.
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
12:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:13
This is a subdivision outside of Washington from the 1960s.
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60.
12:16
Look very carefully at the width of the streets.
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:19
This is a subdivision from the 1980s.
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80.
12:21
1960s, 1980s.
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ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80.
12:22
The standards have changed to such a degree
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ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ืืช
12:24
that my old neighborhood of South Beach,
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ืฉื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืกืื•ืช' ื‘ื™ืฅ' (ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”)
12:26
when it was time to fix the street that wasn't draining properly,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืคืขืœ,
12:30
they had to widen it and take away half our sidewalk,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
12:32
because the standards were wider.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:34
People go faster on wider streets.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:37
People know this.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
12:39
The engineers deny it, but the citizens know it,
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ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
12:42
so that in Birmingham, Michigan, they fight for narrower streets.
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื ื’ื”ื ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:46
Portland, Oregon, famously walkable,
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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
12:48
instituted its "Skinny Streets" program in its residential neighborhood.
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ืžื™ืกื“ื” ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื" ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”.
12:52
We know that skinny streets are safer.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:54
The developer Vince Graham, in his project I'On,
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ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื•ื™ื ืก ื’ืจื”ืื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื• ืื™ื™ืื•ืŸ,
12:57
which we worked on in South Carolina,
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ืขืœื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”,
12:59
he goes to conferences and he shows his amazing 22-foot roads.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 7 ืžื˜ืจ.
13:02
These are two-way roads, very narrow rights of way,
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ืืœื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•-ืกืชืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ื,
13:05
and he shows this well-known philosopher,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื
13:07
who said, "Broad is the road that leads to destruction ...
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ืฉืืžืจ "ื›ื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชื— ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื“ืจืš ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ...
13:10
narrow is the road that leads to life."
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ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืžื•ืฆืง ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื". (ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืข"ืค ืžืชื™)
13:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:16
This plays very well in the South.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื“ืจื•ื.
13:18
Now: bicycles.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
13:21
Bicycles and bicycling are the current revolution underway
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ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืจื’ืข
13:26
in only some American cities.
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ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
13:27
But where you build it, they come.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื•.
13:29
As a planner, I hate to say that, but the one thing I can say
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ื›ืžืชื›ื ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ
13:33
is that bicycle population is a function of bicycle infrastructure.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉ"ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื" ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
13:37
I asked my friend Tom Brennan from Nelson\Nygaard in Portland
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืชื•ื ื‘ืจื ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื ื™ื’ืืจื“ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“
13:41
to send me some pictures of the Portland bike commute.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“.
13:43
He sent me this. I said, "Was that bike to work day?"
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” "ื™ื•ื ืกืข ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”"?"
13:46
He said, "No, that was Tuesday."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืœื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™".
13:48
When you do what Portland did and spend money on bicycle infrastructure --
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ืขืฉืชื” ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
13:53
New York City has doubled the number of bikers in it several times now
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื”,
13:57
by painting these bright green lanes.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฆื‘ืขื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
13:59
Even automotive cities like Long Beach, California:
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืจื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”:
14:02
vast uptick in the number of bikers based on the infrastructure.
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ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
14:07
And of course, what really does it,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
14:08
if you know 15th Street here in Washington, DC --
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ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ 15 ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
14:11
please meet Rahm Emanuel's new bike lanes in Chicago,
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื•,
14:14
the buffered lane, the parallel parking pulled off the curb,
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ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”,
14:17
the bikes between the parked cars and the curb --
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ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” --
14:21
these mint cyclists.
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ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:23
If, however, as in Pasadena, every lane is a bike lane,
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ืื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
14:27
then no lane is a bike lane.
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ืื– ืืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
14:29
And this is the only bicyclist that I met in Pasadena, so ...
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ื•ื–ื” ืจื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”, ืื–...
14:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:33
The parallel parking I mentioned --
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ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ --
14:35
it's an essential barrier of steel
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ื”ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฅ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ
14:37
that protects the curb and pedestrians from moving vehicles.
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ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื ืขื™ื.
14:41
This is Ft. Lauderdale; one side of the street, you can park,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื•ื“ืจื“ื™ื™ืœ; ื‘ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื ื•ืช,
14:44
the other side of the street, you can't.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ.
14:46
This is happy hour on the parking side.
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ื”ื ื” Happy Hour ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื ื™ื”.
14:48
This is sad hour on the other side.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉืขื” ื—ืœืฉื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
14:51
And then the trees themselves slow cars down.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืžืื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
14:54
They move slower when trees are next to the road,
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ื”ื ื–ื–ื™ื ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
14:56
and, of course, sometimes they slow down very quickly.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžื“ื™.
14:59
All the little details -- the curb return radius.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื -- ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”.
15:02
Is it one foot or is it 40 feet?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžื˜ืจ ืื• 12 ืžื˜ืจ?
15:04
How swoopy is that curb to determine how fast the car goes
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ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘
15:08
and how much room you have to cross.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
15:09
And then I love this, because this is objective journalism.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ืืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
15:13
"Some say the entrance to CityCenter is not inviting to pedestrians."
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"ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ".
15:17
When every aspect of the landscape is swoopy,
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ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืง,
15:19
is aerodynamic, is stream-form geometrics,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™, ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื–ื•ืจืžืช,
15:22
it says: "This is a vehicular place."
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื: "ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื".
15:24
So no one detail, no one speciality, can be allowed to set the stage.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ ืื—ื“, ืื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘.
15:29
And here, you know, this street:
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”:
15:31
yes, it will drain within a minute of the hundred-year storm,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืงื– ืืช ืกื•ืคืช ื”ืžืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”,
15:35
but this poor woman has to mount the curb every day.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืกื›ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
15:38
So then quickly, the comfortable walk has to do with the fact
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ืื– ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื”ื ื•ื—ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
15:41
that all animals seek, simultaneously, prospect and refuge.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
15:46
We want to be able to see our predators,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
15:48
but we also want to feel that our flanks are covered.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ื’ืŸ.
15:50
And so we're drawn to places that have good edges,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
15:53
and if you don't supply the edges, people won't want to be there.
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
15:56
What's the proper ratio of height to width?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘?
15:58
Is it one to one? Three to one?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“? ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืื—ื“?
16:00
If you get beyond one to six, you're not very comfortable anymore.
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ืื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืฉ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ื— ืœืš.
16:04
You don't feel enclosed.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื›ืœ.
16:05
Now, six to one in Salzburg can be perfectly delightful.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืฉ ืœืื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
16:09
The opposite of Salzburg is Houston.
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ื”ื”ืคืš ืžื–ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
16:12
The point being the parking lot is the principal problem here.
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื›ืืŸ.
16:15
However, missing teeth, those empty lots can be issues as well,
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื”.
16:19
and if you have a missing corner because of an outdated zoning code,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืคื™ื ื” ื—ืกืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืงื ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืงืจืงืข ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื™
16:22
then you could have a missing nose in your neighborhood.
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ืกืจ ืœืš ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
16:25
That's what we had in my neighborhood.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
16:27
This was the zoning code that said I couldn't build on that site.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื”.
16:30
As you may know, Washington, DC is now changing its zoning
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืœื”
16:34
to allow sites like this to become sites like this.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื”.
16:37
We needed a lot of variances to do that.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
16:39
Triangular houses can be interesting to build,
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ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื”,
16:42
but if you get one built, people generally like it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
16:44
So you've got to fill those missing noses.
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ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืืคื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
16:47
And then, finally, the interesting walk:
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ื•ืื–, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช:
16:49
signs of humanity.
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ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
16:50
We are among the social primates.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื™ืžื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
16:52
Nothing interests us more than other people.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
16:55
We want signs of people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
16:56
So the perfect one-to-one ratio, it's a great thing.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื—ืก ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
16:59
This is Grand Rapids, a very walkable city,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื ื“ ืจืคื™ื“ืก, ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
17:01
but nobody walks on this street
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”
17:03
that connects the two best hotels together,
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:05
because if on the left, you have an exposed parking deck,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ,
17:09
and on the right, you have a conference facility
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ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื ืกื™ื
17:12
that was apparently designed in admiration for that parking deck,
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ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื’ืจืฉ ื—ื ื™ื”,
17:15
then you don't attract that many people.
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ืื– ืืชื” ืœื ืžื•ืฉืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
17:18
Mayor Joe Riley, in his 10th term, Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina,
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ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’'ื• ืจื™ื™, ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช, ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆ'ืจืœืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”,
17:22
taught us it only takes 25 feet of building
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ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ืจืง 75 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”
17:24
to hide 250 feet of garage.
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ืœื›ืกื•ืช 750 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื”.
17:27
This one I call the Chia Pet Garage. It's in South Beach.
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ืœื–ื” ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื—ื ื™ืช ืจืืฉ ื“ืฉื. ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกืื•ืช' ื‘ื™ืฅ'.
17:29
That active ground floor.
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ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
17:31
I want to end with this project that I love to show.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช,
17:33
It's by Meleca Architects. It's in Columbus, Ohio.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื "ืžืœืงื”", ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืื•ื”ื™ื•.
17:36
To the left is the convention center neighborhood, full of pedestrians.
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ืžืฉืžืืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื, ืžืœืื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ.
17:40
To the right is the Short North neighborhood -- ethnic,
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ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืฉื•ืจื˜ ื ื•ืจืช' - ืืชื ื™ืช,
17:42
great restaurants, great shops, struggling.
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ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืชืงืฉื”.
17:45
It wasn't doing very well because this was the bridge,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ืฉืจ,
17:48
and no one was walking from the convention center
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื
17:50
into that neighborhood.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
17:52
Well, when they rebuilt the highway, they added an extra 80 feet to the bridge.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื”ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขื•ื“ 24 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœื’ืฉืจ.
17:56
Sorry -- they rebuilt the bridge over the highway.
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ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ - ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืžืขืœ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ.
17:58
The city paid 1.9 million dollars,
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” 1.9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
18:01
they gave the site to a developer,
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ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืŸ,
18:03
the developer built this
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ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”
18:04
and now the Short North has come back to life.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ืจื˜ ื ื•ืจืช' ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
18:07
And everyone says, the newspapers, not the planning magazines,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
18:10
the newspapers say it's because of that bridge.
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ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”.
18:12
So that's it. That's the general theory of walkability.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื•. ื–ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
18:15
Think about your own cities.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
18:17
Think about how you can apply it.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืš ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื”.
18:19
You've got to do all four things at once.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
18:21
So find those places where you have most of them
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ืื– ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื
18:24
and fix what you can,
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ื•ืชืชืงื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
18:26
fix what still needs fixing in those places.
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ืชืชืงื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
18:28
I really appreciate your attention,
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื,
18:30
and thank you for coming today.
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ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื ืฉื‘ืืชื ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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