4 ways to make a city more walkable | Jeff Speck

1,113,253 views ใƒป 2017-03-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gorani Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So I'm here to talk to you about the walkable city.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ '๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
What is the walkable city?
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'๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ'๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:17
Well, for want of a better definition,
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์ข€ ๋” ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
00:19
it's a city in which the car is an optional instrument of freedom,
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
00:26
rather than a prosthetic device.
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์˜์กฑ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And I'd like to talk about why we need the walkable city,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
and I'd like to talk about how to do the walkable city.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
00:35
Most of the talks I give these days are about why we need it,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
but you guys are smart.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
00:44
And also I gave that talk exactly a month ago,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
and you can see it at TED.com.
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TED.com์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
So today I want to talk about how to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
In a lot of time thinking about this,
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:54
I've come up with what I call the general theory of walkability.
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์ €๋Š” '๋ณดํ–‰ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ก ' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
A bit of a pretentious term, it's a little tongue-in-cheek,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ž˜๋‚œ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ฃ . ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:00
but it's something I've thought about for a long time,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
and I'd like to share what I think I've figured out.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
In the American city, the typical American city --
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ, ์ฆ‰ ์ •๋ง ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”-
01:09
the typical American city is not Washington, DC,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC๋‚˜
01:11
or New York, or San Francisco;
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๋‰ด์š•์ด๋‚˜, ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
it's Grand Rapids or Cedar Rapids or Memphis --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์ฆˆ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋” ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์ฆˆ, ๋ฉคํ”ผ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
01:17
in the typical American city in which most people own cars
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฃ .
01:20
and the temptation is to drive them all the time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:22
if you're going to get them to walk, then you have to offer a walk
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šด์ „๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
that's as good as a drive or better.
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01:28
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:29
It means you need to offer four things simultaneously:
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŒ์กฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
there needs to be a proper reason to walk,
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๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:34
the walk has to be safe and feel safe,
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๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
the walk has to be comfortable
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๋˜ํ•œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:38
and the walk has to be interesting.
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๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
You need to do all four of these things simultaneously,
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:42
and that's the structure of my talk today,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
to take you through each of those.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:46
The reason to walk is a story I learned from my mentors,
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์™œ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Andrรฉs Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ Andrรฉs Duany ์™€ Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
the founders of the New Urbanism movement.
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋„์‹œํ™” ์šด๋™์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:54
And I should say half the slides and half of my talk today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
I learned from them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:59
It's the story of planning,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
the story of the formation of the planning profession.
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๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
02:04
When in the 19th century people were choking
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:08
from the soot of the dark, satanic mills,
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์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์Œ์Šตํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ๊ทธ์„์Œ์— ์ˆจ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
the planners said, hey, let's move the housing away from the mills.
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ง‘๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์ž๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:15
And lifespans increased immediately, dramatically,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and we like to say
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ง ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ
02:20
the planners have been trying to repeat that experience ever since.
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So there's the onset of what we call Euclidean zoning,
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ "์œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ง€์—ญ์ œ"๋ผ๋Š”
02:26
the separation of the landscape into large areas of single use.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ๊ตฌํš์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And typically when I arrive in a city to do a plan,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ
02:32
a plan like this already awaits me on the property that I'm looking at.
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๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
And all a plan like this guarantees
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
02:38
is that you will not have a walkable city,
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
02:40
because nothing is located near anything else.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
The alternative, of course, is our most walkable city,
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
and I like to say, you know, this is a Rothko,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ๋กœ์Šค์ฝ” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ณ ์š”. (๋งˆํฌ ๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”, ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€)
02:50
and this is a Seurat.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์‡ ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์กฐ๋ฅด์ฃผ ์‡ ๋ผ, 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฌ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€)
02:51
It's just a different way -- he was the pointilist --
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ๋ฌ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
it's a different way of making places.
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์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:55
And even this map of Manhattan is a bit misleading
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์ด ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์˜ ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ž˜๋ชป ๊ทธ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
because the red color is uses that are mixed vertically.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ž์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:02
So this is the big story of the New Urbanists --
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
to acknowledge that there are only two ways
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์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:08
that have been tested by the thousands
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด
03:10
to build communities, in the world and throughout history.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
One is the traditional neighborhood.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
You see here several neighborhoods of Newburyport, Massachusetts,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์ฃ .
03:18
which is defined as being compact and being diverse --
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์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
places to live, work, shop, recreate, get educated --
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์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€๊ณ , ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด
03:27
all within walking distance.
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๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And it's defined as being walkable.
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๋ณดํ–‰ ํŽธ์˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜๋˜์ฃ .
03:31
There are lots of small streets.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
03:32
Each one is comfortable to walk on.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธธ์€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํŽธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And we contrast that to the other way,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
03:37
an invention that happened after the Second World War,
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋„์‹œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์˜ ๋‚œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
suburban sprawl,
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03:41
clearly not compact, clearly not diverse, and it's not walkable,
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์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:45
because so few of the streets connect,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ธธ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
that those streets that do connect become overburdened,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ธธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:50
and you wouldn't let your kid out on them.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ๋†€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
And I want to thank Alex Maclean, the aerial photographer,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ง„๊ฐ€์ธ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ๋งคํด๋ฆฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
for many of these beautiful pictures that I'm showing you today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So it's fun to break sprawl down into its constituent parts.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
It's so easy to understand,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
04:04
the places where you only live, the places where you only work,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ, ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ.
04:07
the places where you only shop,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‡ผํ•‘๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ.
04:09
and our super-sized public institutions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค.
04:13
Schools get bigger and bigger,
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ํ•™๊ต๋„ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ 
04:14
and therefore, further and further from each other.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:17
And the ratio of the size of the parking lot
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ ๋ฉด์ ์ด
ํ•™๊ต ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
to the size of the school
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04:21
tells you all you need to know,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„๋‘์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
04:23
which is that no child has ever walked to this school,
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ๋“ฑ๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
no child will ever walk to this school.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:27
The seniors and juniors are driving the freshmen and the sophomores,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„๊ณผ 4ํ•™๋…„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์šด์ „ํ•ด์„œ 1, 2ํ•™๋…„์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์ฃ .
04:31
and of course we have the crash statistics to prove it.
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๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And then the super-sizing of our other civic institutions
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:37
like playing fields --
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์šด๋™์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
04:38
it's wonderful that Westin in the Ft. Lauderdale area
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ํฌํŠธ ๋กœ๋”๋ฐ์ผ ์‹œ์˜ ์›จ์Šคํ‹ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
has eight soccer fields and eight baseball diamonds
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8๊ฐœ์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ๊ณผ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ
04:45
and 20 tennis courts,
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20๊ฐœ์˜ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:47
but look at the road that takes you to that location,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:51
and would you let your child bike on it?
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‘์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:53
And this is why we have the soccer mom now.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
When I was young, I had one soccer field,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€
04:57
one baseball diamond and one tennis court,
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์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค์žฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:59
but I could walk to it, because it was in my neighborhood.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆ์„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:02
Then the final part of sprawl that everyone forgot to count:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ˆซ์ž์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
if you're going to separate everything from everything else
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด
05:08
and reconnect it only with automotive infrastructure,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
then this is what your landscape begins to look like.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:13
The main message here is:
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05:14
if you want to have a walkable city, you can't start with the sprawl model.
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
you need the bones of an urban model.
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๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
05:20
This is the outcome of that form of design,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
as is this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
05:24
And this is something that a lot of Americans want.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
But we have to understand it's a two-part American dream.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ๋“œ๋ฆผ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
05:30
If you're dreaming for this,
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05:31
you're also going to be dreaming of this, often to absurd extremes,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต๋„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ •๋ง ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:34
when we build our landscape to accommodate cars first.
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And the experience of being in these places --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
(Laughter)
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ํฌํ† ์ƒต์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
This is not Photoshopped.
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05:42
Walter Kulash took this slide.
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์›”ํ„ฐ ์ฟจ๋ผ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
It's in Panama City.
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
This is a real place.
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์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
05:47
And being a driver can be a bit of a nuisance,
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์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ๋™๋„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
and being a pedestrian can be a bit of a nuisance
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ๋™๋„ค์ฃ .
05:52
in these places.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
This is a slide that epidemiologists have been showing for some time now,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „์— ์ž„์ƒ์—ญํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:58
The fact that we have a society where you drive to the parking lot
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ž์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์™€์„œ
06:02
to take the escalator to the treadmill
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๋Ÿฌ๋‹๋จธ์‹ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—์Šค์ปฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
shows that we're doing something wrong.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
But we know how to do it better.
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06:07
Here are the two models contrasted.
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์ด์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
I show this slide,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
which has been a formative document of the New Urbanism now
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06:13
for almost 30 years,
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์•ฝ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
06:14
to show that sprawl and the traditional neighborhood contain the same things.
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๋„์‹œ ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:19
It's just how big are they,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:20
how close are they to each other,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด์ง€๋„์š”.
06:22
how are they interspersed together
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์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€์™€
06:23
and do you have a street network, rather than a cul-de-sac
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๊ธธ๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ ์—†์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:26
or a collector system of streets?
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์ง‘์•ฝ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
So when we look at a downtown area,
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๋ฒˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
06:30
at a place that has a hope of being walkable,
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๊ฑธ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
06:32
and mostly that's our downtowns in America's cities
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ฒˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:35
and towns and villages,
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06:37
we look at them and say we want the proper balance of uses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ƒ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
So what is missing or underrepresented?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:42
And again, in the typical American cities in which most Americans live,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€
06:46
it is housing that is lacking.
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์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
The jobs-to-housing balance is off.
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์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ์ฃ .
06:50
And you find that when you bring housing back,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
06:52
these other things start to come back too,
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๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
and housing is usually first among those things.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด
06:57
And, of course, the thing that shows up last and eventually
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
is the schools,
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07:01
because the people have to move in,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ณ 
07:03
the young pioneers have to move in, get older, have kids
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์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™€์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:08
and fight, and then the schools get pretty good eventually.
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๋‹คํˆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ต๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
The other part of this part,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์€
07:14
the useful city part,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:17
is transit,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
and you can have a perfectly walkable neighborhood without it.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:22
But perfectly walkable cities require transit,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
because if you don't have access to the whole city as a pedestrian,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:29
then you get a car,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:30
and if you get a car,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:31
the city begins to reshape itself around your needs,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋„“์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์€ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:34
and the streets get wider and the parking lots get bigger
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07:36
and you no longer have a walkable city.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
So transit is essential.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
But every transit experience, every transit trip,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ด๋™์€
07:42
begins or ends as a walk,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋์ด ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
and so we have to remember to build walkability around our transit stations.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Next category, the biggest one, is the safe walk.
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
It's what most walkability experts talk about.
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๋ณดํ–‰ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
It is essential, but alone not enough to get people to walk.
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ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
07:57
And there are so many moving parts that add up to a walkable city.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
The first is block size.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ตฌํš์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
This is Portland, Oregon,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ณค์ฃผ์˜ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:03
famously 200-foot blocks, famously walkable.
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์•ฝ 60m๋กœ ๊ตฌํš์ด ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:06
This is Salt Lake City,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์†”ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์‹œํ‹ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
famously 600-foot blocks,
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๊ตฌํš์ด ์•ฝ 180m๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ
08:10
famously unwalkable.
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•…๋ช…๋†’์ฃ .
08:11
If you look at the two, it's almost like two different planets,
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
but these places were both built by humans
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ 60m๋กœ ๊ตฌํš์ด ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:17
and in fact, the story is that when you have a 200-foot block city,
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08:20
you can have a two-lane city,
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๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ์„ ์€ 2์ฐจ์„ ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
or a two-to-four lane city,
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ํ˜น์€ 2์—์„œ 4์ฐจ์„ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
08:23
and a 600-foot block city is a six-lane city, and that's a problem.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ๊ตฌํš์ด 180m๋ผ๋ฉด 6์ฐจ์„  ๋„๋กœ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:27
These are the crash statistics.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:29
When you double the block size --
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๊ตฌํš ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:31
this was a study of 24 California cities --
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ 24๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:33
when you double the block size,
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๊ตฌํš ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:34
you almost quadruple the number of fatal accidents
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์น˜๋ช…์  ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
on non-highway streets.
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๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์—๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:40
So how many lanes do we have?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ช‡ ์ฐจ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
This is where I'm going to tell you what I tell every audience I meet,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒญ์ค‘๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
which is to remind you about induced demand.
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์œ ๋ฐœ ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Induced demand applies both to highways and to city streets.
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์œ ๋ฐœ ํ†ตํ–‰์€ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And induced demand tells us that when we widen the streets
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์œ ๋ฐœํ†ตํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€์„œ
08:57
to accept the congestion that we're anticipating,
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตํ†ตํ˜ผ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
09:00
or the additional trips that we're anticipating
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋„
09:02
in congested systems, it is principally that congestion
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ํ†ตํ–‰์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š”
๊ทธ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ†ตํ–‰์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
that is constraining demand,
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09:08
and so that the widening comes,
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์ฆ‰, ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉด
09:10
and there are all of these latent trips that are ready to happen.
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์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:13
People move further from work
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋จผ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ทผ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
and make other choices about when they commute,
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09:17
and those lanes fill up very quickly with traffic,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
so we widen the street again, and they fill up again.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉด ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐจ๋“ค๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€์ฃ .
09:22
And we've learned that in congested systems,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜ผ์žกํ•œ ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:24
we cannot satisfy the automobile.
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
This is from Newsweek Magazine -- hardly an esoteric publication:
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๋‰ด์Šค์œ„ํฌ์ง€์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ๋‚œํ•ดํ•œ ์žก์ง€์ฃ .
09:30
"Today's engineers acknowledge
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"๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ์•ผ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:31
that building new roads usually makes traffic worse."
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ตํ†ต์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค."
09:35
My response to reading this was, may I please meet some of these engineers,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
because these are not the ones that I --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:40
there are great exceptions that I'm working with now --
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
but these are not the engineers one typically meets working in a city,
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09:46
where they say, "Oh, that road is too crowded, we need to add a lane."
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"๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๋น„๋„ค์š”. ์ƒˆ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”."
09:50
So you add a lane, and the traffic comes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ์„ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:52
and they say, "See, I told you we needed that lane."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . "๋ณด์…จ์ฃ ? ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”."
09:54
This applies both to highways and to city streets if they're congested.
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
But the amazing thing about most American cities that I work in,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€
10:01
the more typical cities,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก
10:03
is that they have a lot of streets that are actually oversized
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„“์€ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
for the congestion they're currently experiencing.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ตํ˜ผ์žก ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:08
This was the case in Oklahoma City,
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
when the mayor came running to me, very upset,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
because they were named in Prevention Magazine
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฒค์…˜์ง€์—์„œ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ
10:15
the worst city for pedestrians in the entire country.
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์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:18
Now that can't possibly be true,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
10:20
but it certainly is enough to make a mayor do something about it.
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์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
We did a walkability study,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜• ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:24
and what we found, looking at the car counts on the street --
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๋„๋กœ์— ์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€ ์„ธ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
these are 3,000-, 4,000-, 7,000-car counts
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์ฐจ๋“ค์ด 3,000๋Œ€, 4,000๋Œ€, 7,000๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:31
and we know that two lanes can handle 10,000 cars per day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ฐจ์„  ๋„๋กœ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋งŒ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Look at these numbers -- they're all near or under 10,000 cars,
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์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. 10,000๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
and these were the streets that were designated
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์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
10:43
in the new downtown plan
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10:45
to be four lanes to six lanes wide.
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4์ฐจ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ 6์ฐจ์„  ์ •๋„์˜ ํญ์ด์ฃ .
10:47
So you had a fundamental disconnect between the number of lanes
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ์„ ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
and the number of cars that wanted to use them.
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10:53
So it was my job to redesign every street in the downtown
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
from curb face to curb face,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ์„๋“ค ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ์š”.
10:59
and we did it for 50 blocks of streets,
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50๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌํš์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
and we're rebuilding it now.
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11:02
So a typical oversized street to nowhere
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํฐ ํญ์˜ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ 
11:05
is being narrowed, and now under construction,
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๋„๋กœ ํญ์„ ์ขํ˜€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:07
and the project is half done.
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๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
The typical street like this, you know,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋„๋กœ์—
11:11
when you do that, you find room for medians.
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์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
You find room for bike lanes.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:17
We've doubled the amount of on-street parking.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋ณ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
We've added a full bike network where one didn't exist before.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:23
But not everyone has the money that Oklahoma City has,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์žฌ์›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
because they have an extraction economy that's doing quite well.
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์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:29
The typical city is more like Cedar Rapids,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์‹œ๋” ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์ฆˆ์‹œ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
where they have an all four-lane system, half one-way system.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์„ ์ด 4์ฐจ์„ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ฏค์€ ํŽธ๋„์ธ ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:35
And it's a little hard to see,
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ง€๋งŒ
11:37
but what we've done -- what we're doing; it's in process right now,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ํ•ด์™”๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
it's in engineering right now --
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:42
is turning an all four-lane system, half one-way
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŽธ๋„ 4์ฐจ์„  ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ
11:45
into an all two-lane system, all two-way,
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์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ†ตํ–‰์˜ 2์ฐจ์„  ๋„๋กœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
and in so doing, we're adding 70 percent more on-street parking,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ณ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ 70%๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
which the merchants love,
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์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ž๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:54
and it protects the sidewalk.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
That parking makes the sidewalk safe,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ณ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:57
and we're adding a much more robust bicycle network.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๊ตํ†ต๋ง๋„ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Then the lanes themselves. How wide are they?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ์„  ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„“์œผ๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:03
That's really important.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
The standards have changed such that, as Andrรฉs Duany says,
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์•™๋“œ๋ ˆ ๋‘์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
the typical road to a subdivision in America
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฌํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:10
allows you to see the curvature of the Earth.
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12:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:13
This is a subdivision outside of Washington from the 1960s.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์™ธ๊ณฝ์˜ ๊ตฌํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Look very carefully at the width of the streets.
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๋„๋กœ ํญ์„ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฌํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
This is a subdivision from the 1980s.
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12:21
1960s, 1980s.
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1960๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์ฃ .
12:22
The standards have changed to such a degree
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๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
that my old neighborhood of South Beach,
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์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค๋น„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š”
12:26
when it was time to fix the street that wasn't draining properly,
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๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ž
12:30
they had to widen it and take away half our sidewalk,
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๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
12:32
because the standards were wider.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋” ๋„“์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:34
People go faster on wider streets.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„“์€ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
People know this.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:39
The engineers deny it, but the citizens know it,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
so that in Birmingham, Michigan, they fight for narrower streets.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฑด์ฃผ ๋ฒ„๋ฐ์—„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Portland, Oregon, famously walkable,
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ณค์ฃผ์˜ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š”
12:48
instituted its "Skinny Streets" program in its residential neighborhood.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์— "์ข์€ ๋„๋กœ" ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
We know that skinny streets are safer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข์€ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์ธ ๋นˆ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ–„์€
12:54
The developer Vince Graham, in his project I'On,
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์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด์˜จ(I'On) ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:57
which we worked on in South Carolina,
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12:59
he goes to conferences and he shows his amazing 22-foot roads.
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ํ•™ํšŒ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 7m ๋„ˆ๋น„์˜ ๋„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
These are two-way roads, very narrow rights of way,
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์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ†ตํ–‰์˜ ์ข์€ ๋„๋กœ์ฃ .
13:05
and he shows this well-known philosopher,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋นŒ์–ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:07
who said, "Broad is the road that leads to destruction ...
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"๋ฉธ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ๋„“์ง€๋งŒ
13:10
narrow is the road that leads to life."
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"์ƒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ์ข๋‹ค." (์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋งˆํƒœ๋ณต์Œ 7์žฅ 13-14์ ˆ)
13:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:16
This plays very well in the South.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋จนํ˜€๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Now: bicycles.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€, ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Bicycles and bicycling are the current revolution underway
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜๋ช…์  ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
in only some American cities.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
13:27
But where you build it, they come.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํƒˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:29
As a planner, I hate to say that, but the one thing I can say
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๊ณ„ํš์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์ •๋ง ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
13:33
is that bicycle population is a function of bicycle infrastructure.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์ •๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
I asked my friend Tom Brennan from Nelson\Nygaard in Portland
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์ €๋Š” ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€๋“œ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ†ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋„Œ์—๊ฒŒ
13:41
to send me some pictures of the Portland bike commute.
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ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ†ต๊ทผ์„ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ—€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
He sent me this. I said, "Was that bike to work day?"
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ . "์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ ์ด์•ผ?"
13:46
He said, "No, that was Tuesday."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ™”์š”์ผ์ธ๋ฐ."
13:48
When you do what Portland did and spend money on bicycle infrastructure --
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ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์‹œ๋งŒํผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:53
New York City has doubled the number of bikers in it several times now
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ด์šฉ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:57
by painting these bright green lanes.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์€ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ์ฐจ์„ ์„ ์น ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Even automotive cities like Long Beach, California:
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜€๋˜ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ ๋กฑ๋น„์น˜๋„
14:02
vast uptick in the number of bikers based on the infrastructure.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ด์šฉ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And of course, what really does it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
14:08
if you know 15th Street here in Washington, DC --
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC์˜ 15๋ฒˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
14:11
please meet Rahm Emanuel's new bike lanes in Chicago,
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๋žŒ ์— ๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜์ด ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์— ๊ธฐํšํ•œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
14:14
the buffered lane, the parallel parking pulled off the curb,
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์—ฐ์„๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์™„์ถฉ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ฐจ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
the bikes between the parked cars and the curb --
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋œ ์ฐจ์™€ ์—ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
these mint cyclists.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:23
If, however, as in Pasadena, every lane is a bike lane,
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ํ•œํŽธ ํŒจ์„œ๋””๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์„ ์ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ฐจ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
then no lane is a bike lane.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ „์šฉ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
14:29
And this is the only bicyclist that I met in Pasadena, so ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒจ์„œ๋””๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ด์šฉ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:33
The parallel parking I mentioned --
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ํ‰ํ–‰ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:35
it's an essential barrier of steel
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐฉํŒจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
that protects the curb and pedestrians from moving vehicles.
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์ธ๋„์™€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์ฃ .
14:41
This is Ft. Lauderdale; one side of the street, you can park,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํฌํŠธ ๋กœ๋”๋ฐ์ผ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„๋กœ ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์€ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
the other side of the street, you can't.
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14:46
This is happy hour on the parking side.
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์ฃผ์ฐจ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ชฝ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:48
This is sad hour on the other side.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
14:51
And then the trees themselves slow cars down.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค์˜ ์†๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
They move slower when trees are next to the road,
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๋„๋กœ ์˜†์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
14:56
and, of course, sometimes they slow down very quickly.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์†๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ผ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
All the little details -- the curb return radius.
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์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ  ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Is it one foot or is it 40 feet?
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30cm๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? 12m์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:04
How swoopy is that curb to determine how fast the car goes
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๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ณก์„  ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰ํ•œ์ง€์™€ ํšก๋‹จ ํญ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„“์€์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
15:08
and how much room you have to cross.
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์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
And then I love this, because this is objective journalism.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
"Some say the entrance to CityCenter is not inviting to pedestrians."
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"์‹œ์ฒญ ์ž…๊ตฌ์˜ ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
15:17
When every aspect of the landscape is swoopy,
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๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:19
is aerodynamic, is stream-form geometrics,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
it says: "This is a vehicular place."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์นœํ™”์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:24
So no one detail, no one speciality, can be allowed to set the stage.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•จ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
And here, you know, this street:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
15:31
yes, it will drain within a minute of the hundred-year storm,
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๋ช‡์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํญํ’์ด ์™€๋„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ช‡๋ถ„์•ˆ์— ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
but this poor woman has to mount the curb every day.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ด ์—ฐ์„์„ ๋งค์ผ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
15:38
So then quickly, the comfortable walk has to do with the fact
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋Š”
15:41
that all animals seek, simultaneously, prospect and refuge.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋ง๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
We want to be able to see our predators,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
but we also want to feel that our flanks are covered.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
And so we're drawn to places that have good edges,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
and if you don't supply the edges, people won't want to be there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
15:56
What's the proper ratio of height to width?
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๋†’์ด์™€ ๋„ˆ๋น„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:58
Is it one to one? Three to one?
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1:1? ํ˜น์€ 3:1 ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
16:00
If you get beyond one to six, you're not very comfortable anymore.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 1:6์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
You don't feel enclosed.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํฌ๊ทผํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:05
Now, six to one in Salzburg can be perfectly delightful.
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6:1์ธ ์ฐฐ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
The opposite of Salzburg is Houston.
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์ฐฐ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ํœด์Šคํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
The point being the parking lot is the principal problem here.
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
However, missing teeth, those empty lots can be issues as well,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
and if you have a missing corner because of an outdated zoning code,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ตฌ์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:22
then you could have a missing nose in your neighborhood.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
That's what we had in my neighborhood.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
This was the zoning code that said I couldn't build on that site.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
As you may know, Washington, DC is now changing its zoning
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์•Œ๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
to allow sites like this to become sites like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
16:37
We needed a lot of variances to do that.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™”๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
16:39
Triangular houses can be interesting to build,
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์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ์ง“๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
but if you get one built, people generally like it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
So you've got to fill those missing noses.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
16:47
And then, finally, the interesting walk:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
signs of humanity.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ฃ 
16:50
We are among the social primates.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
Nothing interests us more than other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์—†์ฃ .
16:55
We want signs of people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
So the perfect one-to-one ratio, it's a great thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ 1๋Œ€1์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
This is Grand Rapids, a very walkable city,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ Grand Rapids ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ์ฃ .
17:01
but nobody walks on this street
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฑท์ง€์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
that connects the two best hotels together,
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์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ธํ…”์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”์š”.
17:05
because if on the left, you have an exposed parking deck,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ผ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:09
and on the right, you have a conference facility
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
that was apparently designed in admiration for that parking deck,
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์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
then you don't attract that many people.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
17:18
Mayor Joe Riley, in his 10th term, Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina,
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์กฐ ๋ผ์ผ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ 10๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฐฐ์Šคํ†ค์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
taught us it only takes 25 feet of building
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๊ทธ๋Š” 25ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด๋ฉด
17:24
to hide 250 feet of garage.
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250ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•จ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ์ฃ .
17:27
This one I call the Chia Pet Garage. It's in South Beach.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ Chia Pet ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋น„์น˜์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:29
That active ground floor.
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ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ 1์ธต์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
17:31
I want to end with this project that I love to show.
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๋์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
It's by Meleca Architects. It's in Columbus, Ohio.
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ Meleca ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์˜ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:36
To the left is the convention center neighborhood, full of pedestrians.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ปจ๋ฒค์…˜์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:40
To the right is the Short North neighborhood -- ethnic,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์˜›์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด Short North ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
great restaurants, great shops, struggling.
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์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์ ๊ณผ, ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
It wasn't doing very well because this was the bridge,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ด๊ณ 
17:48
and no one was walking from the convention center
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ปจ๋ฒค์…˜์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ
17:50
into that neighborhood.
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๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
17:52
Well, when they rebuilt the highway, they added an extra 80 feet to the bridge.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— 80ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
Sorry -- they rebuilt the bridge over the highway.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
17:58
The city paid 1.9 million dollars,
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์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” 190๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๊ณ 
18:01
they gave the site to a developer,
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
the developer built this
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๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ .
18:04
and now the Short North has come back to life.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ Short North๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
And everyone says, the newspapers, not the planning magazines,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„์š”. ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ์žก์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
18:10
the newspapers say it's because of that bridge.
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์ € ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋•๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
So that's it. That's the general theory of walkability.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "๋ณดํ–‰ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋ก "์ด์ฃ 
18:15
Think about your own cities.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:17
Think about how you can apply it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:19
You've got to do all four things at once.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
So find those places where you have most of them
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์•„
18:24
and fix what you can,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜์„ธ์š”.
18:26
fix what still needs fixing in those places.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
18:28
I really appreciate your attention,
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๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
and thank you for coming today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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