Jedidah Isler: The Untapped Genius That Could Change Science for the Better | TED

66,469 views ใƒป 2016-01-07

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
Great things happen at intersections.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื.
00:16
In fact, I would argue that some of the most interesting things
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
00:20
of the human experience occur at the intersections,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื,
00:23
in the liminal space,
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื™,
00:25
where by liminal I mean the space in-between.
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ืฉื‘ืกื™ืคื™ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื—ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:29
There's freedom in that in-between,
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
00:32
freedom to create from the indefiniteness of not-quite-here, not-quite-there,
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ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืคื”, ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฉื,
00:38
a new self-definition.
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ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:41
Some of the great intersections of the world come to mind,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆืžืชื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
00:44
like the Arc de Triomphe in Paris,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–.
00:46
or Times Square in New York City,
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ืื• ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:49
both bustling with the excitement of a seemingly endless stream of people.
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืง ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:55
Other intersections,
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ืฆืžืชื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:56
like the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ืฉืจ ืื“ืžื•ื ื“ ืคื˜ืจื•ืก ื‘ืกืœืžื”, ืืœื‘ืžื”,
00:59
or Canfield Drive and Copper Creek Court in Ferguson, Missouri, also come to mind
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ืื• ื“ืจืš ืงื ืคื™ืœื“ ื•ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืงื•ืคืจ ืงืจื™ืง ื‘ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ื–ื•ืจื™, ื’ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช
01:05
because of the tremendous energy at the intersection of human beings,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
01:10
ideologies and the ongoing struggle for justice.
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ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ืง.
01:15
Beyond the physical landscape of our planet,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:17
some of the most famous celestial images are of intersections.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืชื™ื.
01:21
Stars are born at the messy intersection of gas and dust,
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื– ื•ืื‘ืง,
01:25
instigated by gravity's irrevocable pull.
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ืฉืžื•ืžืจืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
01:29
Stars die by this same intersection, this time flung outward
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืžืช, ื”ืคืขื ืžื•ืขืคื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
01:33
in a violent collision of smaller atoms,
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ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:36
intersecting and efficiently fusing into altogether new and heavier things.
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ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:42
We can all think of intersections that have special meaning to us.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืžืชื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
01:47
To be intersectional, then,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช
01:49
is to occupy a position at an intersection.
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ื–ื” ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช.
01:54
I've lived the entirety of my life in the in-between,
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข,
01:59
in the liminal space between dreams and reality,
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
02:03
race and gender,
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ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžื’ื“ืจ,
02:05
poverty and plenty,
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ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ,
02:07
science and society.
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ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”.
02:10
I am both black and a woman.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื ืื™ืฉื”.
02:13
Like the birth of stars in the heavenlies,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
02:16
this robust combination of knowing results in a shining example
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ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืชื•ืฆืืชื• ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช
02:20
of the explosive fusion of identities.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:24
I am also an astrophysicist.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช.
02:27
I study blazars, supermassive, hyperactive black holes
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคืจ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
02:32
that sit at the centers of massive galaxies
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:34
and shoot out jets nearby those black holes
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ื•ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
02:37
at speeds approaching the speed of light
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ
02:40
in a process we are still trying to completely understand.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:45
I have dreamed of becoming an astrophysicist
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ื—ืœืžืชื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช
02:48
since I was 12 years old.
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ืžืื– ื’ื™ืœ 12.
02:51
I had no idea that at that time,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:53
according to Dr. Jamie Alexander's archive of African-American women in physics,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืจ' ื’'ื™ื™ืžื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
02:59
only 18 black women in the United States had ever earned a PhD
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ืจืง 18 ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜
03:03
in a physics-related discipline,
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ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
03:05
and that the first black woman to graduate with a PhD in an astronomy-related field
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ื•ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”
03:10
did so just one year before my birth.
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ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืœื™ื“ืชื™.
03:14
As I journeyed along my path,
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ื›ืฉื ืขืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื™,
03:16
I encountered the best and worst of life at an intersection:
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจืข ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช:
03:21
the tremendous opportunity to self-define,
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ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
03:24
the collision of expectation and experience,
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ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
03:28
the exhilaration of victorious breakthroughs
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ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช
03:30
and, sometimes,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
03:32
the explosive pain of regeneration.
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ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
03:36
I began my college experience just after my family had fallen apart.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ืชืคืจืงื”.
03:42
Our financial situation disintegrated
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจ
03:44
just after my father's departure from our lives.
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ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
03:48
This thrust my mother, my sister and I
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ื–ื” ื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ืื™ืžื™, ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™
03:51
out of the relative comfort of middle-class life
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:54
and into the almost constant struggle to make ends meet.
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ื•ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.
03:58
Thus, I was one of roughly 60 percent of women of color
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืช ืžื‘ืขืจืš 60 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช
04:02
who find finances to be a major barrier to their educational goals.
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ืฉื”ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช.
04:07
Thankfully, Norfolk State University provided me with full funding,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื ื•ืจืคื•ืœืง ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื,
04:10
and I was able to achieve my bachelor's in physics.
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
04:14
After graduation, and despite knowing that I wanted a PhD in astrophysics,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
04:19
I fell through the cracks.
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ื ืคืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื.
04:22
It was a poster that saved my dream,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™,
04:25
and some really incredible people and programs.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
04:29
The American Physical Society had this beautiful poster
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ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื™ืคื™ืคื”
04:32
encouraging students of color to become physicists.
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ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื.
04:36
It was striking to me because it featured a young black girl,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืš ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ื ืขืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
04:39
probably around 12 years old,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืช 12,
04:41
looking studiously at some physics equations.
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ืฉื ืจืืชื” ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช.
04:46
I remember thinking
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™
04:48
I was looking directly back at the little girl
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ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
04:51
who first dared to dream this dream.
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ืฉื”ืขื–ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
04:53
I immediately wrote to the Society
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ืžื™ื™ื“ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืื’ื•ื“ื”
04:55
and requested my personal copy of the poster,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืชืง ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ,
04:59
which to this day still hangs in my office.
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ืฉืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื™.
05:03
I described to them in the email my educational path,
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ืชืืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ื‘ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
05:06
and my desire to find myself again in pursuit of the PhD.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜.
05:11
They directed me to the Fisk-Vanderbilt University Bridge Program,
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ื”ื ื”ืคื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคื™ืกืง-ื•ื•ื ื“ืจื‘ื™ืœื˜,
05:14
itself an intersection of the master's and PhD degrees
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ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืฆื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜
05:18
at two institutions.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช.
05:21
After two years out of school, they accepted me into the program,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
05:25
and I found myself again on the path to the PhD.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜.
05:29
After receiving my master's at Fisk,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ ืžืคื™ืกืง,
05:32
I went on to Yale to complete my PhD.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™.
05:35
Once I was physically occupying the space that would ultimately give way
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื™ื›ืœืกืชื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ
05:39
to my childhood aspirations,
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ืืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
05:41
I anticipated a smooth glide to the PhD.
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ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื” ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™.
05:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:46
It became immediately apparent
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ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
05:48
that not everyone was thrilled to have that degree of liminality
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ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื ื”ื ื• ืžืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
05:52
in their space.
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:54
I was ostracized by many of my classmates,
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ื”ื•ื“ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื”,
05:57
one of whom went so far as to invite me to "do what I really came here to do"
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ "ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช"
06:02
as he pushed all the dirty dishes from our meal in front of me to clean up.
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ื•ื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ืžื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืงื” ืื•ืชื.
06:08
I wish that were an isolated occurrence,
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“,
06:11
but for many women of color
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช
06:13
in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, or STEM,
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ื‘ืžื“ืข, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื•ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ืื• STEM,
06:19
this is something they have long endured.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
06:21
One hundred percent of the 60 women of color
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100% ืž 60 ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช
06:24
interviewed in a recent study by Joan C. Williams at UC Hastings
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ืฉืจื•ืื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืก
06:29
reported facing racialized gender bias,
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ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืคืœื™ื” ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื•ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช.
06:32
including being mistaken for the janitorial staff.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ.
06:37
This mistaken identity was not reported
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ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื”
06:40
by any of the white women interviewed for this study,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืฃ ืื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžื—ืงืจ,
06:42
which comprised 557 women in total.
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ืฉื›ืœืœ 557 ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ.
06:47
While there is nothing inherently wrong with a janitorial position,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ,
06:51
and in fact my forefathers and foremothers were able to attend college
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžื›ืœืœื”
06:55
because many of their parents worked these jobs,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
06:57
it was a clear attempt to put me in my place.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™.
07:02
While there was certainly the acute pain of the encounter,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืืจื•ืข,
07:06
the real issue is that my appearance
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื™
07:08
can tell anyone anything about my ability.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™.
07:13
Beyond that, though, it underscores
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ
07:15
that the women of color in STEM do not experience the same set of barriers
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ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ STEM ืœื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื
07:21
that just women or just people of color face.
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ืฉืกืชื ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืกืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื.
07:25
That's why today I want to highlight women of color in STEM,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ STEM.
07:29
who are inexorably, unapologetically
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ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช
07:32
living as the inseparable sum of identities.
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืกื›ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืคืจื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:37
STEM itself is an intersectional term,
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STEM ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™,
07:40
such that its true richness cannot be appreciated
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืจืš
07:43
without considering the liminal space between disciplines.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช.
07:47
Science, the pursuit of understanding the physical world
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ืžื“ืข, ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™
07:50
by way of chemistry, physics, biology,
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ื“ืจืš ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
07:53
cannot be accomplished in the absence of mathematics.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
07:57
Engineering requires the application of basic science and math
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ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
08:01
to the lived experience.
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ืœื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืช.
08:03
Technology sits firmly on the foundation of math,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
08:07
engineering and science.
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ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ืžื“ืข.
08:09
Math itself serves the critical role of Rosetta Stone,
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ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื–ื˜ื”,
08:13
decoding and encoding the physical principles of the world.
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ืžืคืขื ื—ืช ื•ืžืงื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:18
STEM is utterly incomplete without each individual piece.
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STEM ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืกื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช.
08:23
This is to say nothing of the enrichment that is realized
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ืช
08:26
when STEM is combined with other disciplines.
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ื›ืฉ STEM ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:30
The purpose for this talk is twofold:
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื”:
08:33
first, to say directly to every black, Latina, indigenous, First Nation
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช, ืžื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
08:38
or any other woman or girl
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืื• ื™ืœื“ื” ืื—ืจืช
08:40
who finds herself resting at the blessed intersection
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ืฉืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื ืื‘ืงืช ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจืš
08:44
of race and gender,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžื’ื“ืจ,
08:46
that you can be anything you want to be.
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ืฉืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
08:50
My personal hope is that you'll become an astrophysicist,
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชืŸ ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื•ืช,
08:53
but beyond that, anything you want.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช.
08:56
Do not think for one minute
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ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจื’ืข
08:59
that because you are who you are,
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืืชืŸ,
09:02
you cannot be who you imagine yourself to be.
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ืื™ื ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื•.
09:05
Hold fast to those dreams
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ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ืŸ
09:08
and let them carry you into a world you can't even imagine.
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืœืฉืืช ืืชื›ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืืชืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
09:12
Secondly, among the most pressing issues of our time,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•,
09:16
most now find their intersection with STEM.
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื STEM.
09:20
We have as a global society solved
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ืื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืคืชืจื ื•
09:22
most of the single-faceted issues of our time.
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ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
09:25
Those that remain require a thorough investigation
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ืืœื• ืฉื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช
09:29
of the liminal space between disciplines
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช
09:32
to create the multifaceted solutions of tomorrow.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจ.
09:36
Who better to solve these liminal problems
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ืžื™ ืคื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
09:39
than those who have faced their whole lives at the intersections.
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ืžืืœื” ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช.
09:44
We as thought leaders and decision makers
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื“ืขื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
09:46
must push past the first steps of diversity
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ
09:50
and into the richer and more robust territory
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ื•ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:53
of full inclusion and equal opportunity.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืžืœืื” ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช.
09:57
One of my favorite examples of liminal excellence
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื™ืช
10:00
comes from the late Dr. Claudia Alexander,
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ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื“ืจ' ืงืœื•ื“ื™ื” ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”,
10:03
a black woman plasma physicist,
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ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืคืœื–ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
10:05
who passed away this past July after a 10-year bout with breast cancer.
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ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
10:10
She was a NASA project scientist who spearheaded the NASA side
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ืืกื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื ืืกื
10:14
of the Rosetta mission,
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ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืจื•ื–ื˜ื”,
10:16
which became famous this year for landing a rover on a comet,
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ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื’ืฉื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜,
10:20
and the 1.5 billion dollar Galileo mission to Jupiter,
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ื•ืžืฉื™ืžืช ื’ืœื™ืœืื• ืœืฆื“ืง ืฉืขืœืชื” 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
10:25
two high-profile scientific victories
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ืฉื ื™ ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
10:28
for NASA, the United States and the world.
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ืœื ืืกื, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:32
Dr. Alexander said it this way:
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ื“ืจ' ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืืžืจื” ื›ืš:
10:35
"I'm used to walking between two cultures.
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"ืื ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
10:37
For me, it's among the purposes of my life
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
10:40
to take us from states of ignorance to states of understanding
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื”
10:44
with bold exploration that you can't do every day."
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ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื ื•ืขื–ืช ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื."
10:48
This shows exactly the power of a liminal person.
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ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืกื™ืคื™.
10:52
She had the technical ability to spearhead
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
10:55
some of the most ambitious space missions of our time,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•,
10:58
and she perfectly understood her place
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื”
11:01
of being exactly who she was in any place she was.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื”.
11:06
Jessica Matthews, inventor of the SOCCKET line of sports products,
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ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื™ื•ืก, ืžืžืฆื™ืืช ืงื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ SOCCKET,
11:09
like soccer balls, that generate renewable energy as you play with them,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื™ืชื,
11:13
said it this way:
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ืืžืจื” ื›ืš:
11:15
"A major part of invention isn't just creating things,
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"ื—ืœืง ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
11:19
it's understanding people
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ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
11:21
and understanding the systems that make this world."
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื."
11:25
The reason I tell my story
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™
11:27
and the story of Dr. Alexander and Jessica Matthews
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืจ' ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื•ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื™ื•ืก
11:30
is because they are fundamentally intersectional stories,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
11:34
the stories of lives lived at the nexus of race, gender and innovation.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื ืงืกื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข, ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืžืฆืื”.
11:40
Despite implicit and explicit questions of my right to be in an elite space,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™,
11:46
I'm proud to report that when I graduated,
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ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืฉื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ,
11:49
I was the first black woman to earn a PhD in astrophysics
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”
11:52
in Yale's then 312-year history.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืช 312 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืœ.
11:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:01
I am now part of a small but growing cadre of women of color in STEM
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ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืงืื“ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ STEM
12:06
who are poised to bring new perspectives and new ideas to life
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ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื
12:11
on the most pressing issues of our time:
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•:
12:13
things like educational inequities,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™,
12:16
police brutality, HIV/AIDS, climate change, genetic editing,
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช, HIV/ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
12:22
artificial intelligence and Mars exploration.
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ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื—ืงืจ ืžืื“ื™ื.
12:25
This is to say nothing of the things we haven't even thought of yet.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
12:29
Women of color in STEM occupy some of the toughest
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ STEM ืžืื›ืœืกื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
12:33
and most exciting sociotechnological issues of our time.
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ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ื•ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
12:38
Thus, we are uniquely positioned
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช
12:40
to contribute to and drive these conversations
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ืœืชืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
12:43
in ways that are more inclusive of a wider variety of lived experience.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:49
This outlook can be expanded to the many intersectional people
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ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื
12:52
whose experiences, positive and negative,
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ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™,
12:55
enrich the conversations in ways that outmatch
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ืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช
12:58
even the best-resourced homogenous groups.
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ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
13:02
This is not a request born out of a desire to fit in.
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ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘.
13:06
It's a reminder that we cannot get to the best possible outcomes
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ื–ื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
13:11
for the totality of humanity
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ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
13:13
without precisely this collaboration,
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื”,
13:16
this bringing together of the liminal,
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ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื™,
13:18
the differently lived, distinctly experienced
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ืืœื• ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™
13:22
and disparately impacted.
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ื•ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”.
13:24
Simply put, we cannot be the most excellent expression
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ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:28
of our collective genius
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:30
without the full measure of humanity brought to bear.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”.
13:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
13:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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