The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home | Daniel Kraft

140,552 views ใƒป 2018-11-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Roni Weisman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
We live in a medication nation.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
00:16
4.5 billion drug prescriptions will be prescribed by doctors like me
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4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžืจืฉืžื™ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืชื™ืจืฉืžื ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืจื•ืคืื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื ื™
00:21
this year, in the United States alone.
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ื”ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื”.
00:23
That's 15 for every man, woman and child.
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ื–ื” 15 ืœื›ืœ ื’ื‘ืจ, ืืฉื” ื•ื™ืœื“.
00:25
And for most of us,
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื ื•,
00:27
our experience with this medication is often a confusing number of pills,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ,
00:30
instructions, side effects, one-size-fits-all dosing,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™, ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื,
00:34
which all too often we aren't taking as prescribed.
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ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืœืื™-ืœืงื™ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืจืฉื.
00:36
And this comes at tremendous expense,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”,
00:38
costing us our time, our money and our health.
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ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื›ืกืคื ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:41
And in our now exponential, connected, data-driven age,
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช, ืžื•ื ืขืช-ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
00:44
I think we can and we must do better.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:47
So let's take a dive at some of the challenges we have
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขืžื™ืง ืืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•
00:51
and some potential solutions.
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ื•ืืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
00:54
Let's start with the fact
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
00:55
that many drugs don't work for those who are prescribed them.
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ืฉืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื ื ืจืฉืžื•.
00:58
The top 10 grossing drugs in the United States this year,
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10 ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื”
01:03
they only benefit one in four to one in 23 of who take them.
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ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืœืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ 23 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:06
That's great if you're number one, but what about everybody else?
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื”ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ?
01:11
And what's worse, drugs, when they sometimes don't work,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื,
01:14
can still cause side effects.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™.
01:15
Take aspirin -- about one in four of us
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ -- ื‘ืขืจืš ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ 4 ืžืื™ืชื ื•
01:17
who take aspirin to reduce our risk of cardiovascular disease
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ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™-ื“ื,
01:20
are unknowingly aspirin-resistant
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ื”ื™ื ื• ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช.
01:22
and still have the same risks of gastrointestinal bleeds
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืื•ืชื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื
01:25
that kill thousands every year.
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
01:28
It's adverse drug reactions like these
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ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื›ืืœื”
01:31
that are, by some estimates, the number four leading cause of death
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื, ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœื’ืจื™ืžืช ืžื•ื•ืช
01:34
in the United States.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
01:35
My own grandfather passed away
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ืกื‘ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ
01:36
after a single dose of antibiotic caused his kidneys to fail.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืงืจื•ืก.
01:40
Now, adverse drug reactions and side effects
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ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
01:43
are often tied to challenges in dosing.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ.
01:46
I trained in pediatrics (little people) and internal medicine (big people).
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื -- ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช -- ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
01:49
So one night I might have been on call in the NICU,
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ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืื ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื ืข"ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื
01:52
carefully dosing to the fraction of a milligram
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื,
01:54
a medication for a NICU baby.
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ืชืจื•ืคื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ.
01:55
The next night -- on call in the emergency room,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื• -- ืœื”ืงืจื ืข"ื™ ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
01:58
treating a 400-pound lineman or a frail nursing-home patient
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ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 180 ืง"ื’ ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™,
02:01
who, by most accounts, usually would get the same dose of medications
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ืืฉืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื™ืจืฉื ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
02:05
from the formulary.
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคื ืงืก ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™.
02:07
Which would mean, most of the time I would be underdosing the lineman
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืืจืฉื•ื ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ,
02:10
and overdosing the nursing-home patient.
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ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™.
02:13
And beyond age and weight,
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงืœ,
02:14
we tend to ignore differences in sex and race in dosing.
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆื ื›ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ.
02:18
Now, beyond this, we know we have a massive challenge
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื
02:22
with noncompliance or low adherence.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ืœืงื™ื—ืชืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื.
02:25
Many of us who need to take our medications
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
02:27
aren't taking them or are taking them incorrectly.
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ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:30
You know, 40 percent of adults in the US over 65
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 65 ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
02:32
are on five or more prescription medications.
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ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื—ืช 5 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื.
02:35
Sometimes 15 or more.
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ื—ืœืงื 15 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:36
And even small improvements in adherence can dramatically save dollars and lives.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™-ืื“ื.
02:43
So, as we think into the future,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
02:46
you think that where we are today,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:48
as we often hear about smart, personalized, targeted drugs,
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ื›ื›ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
02:52
Internet of Things, gene therapy, AI,
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืจืคื•ืื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
02:54
that we'd already arrived in this era of precision medicine.
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ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง.
02:57
In reality, we still live in an age
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ
02:58
of empiric, trial-and-error, imprecision medicine.
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ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืชืขื™ื™ื”.
03:01
I think we can do better.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:03
What if we could reimagine ways to help make your medicine-taking easier?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืขื ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
03:07
To get the right doses and combinations to match you?
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ืฉืชื‘ืื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ื?
03:11
What if we could move beyond today's literal cutting edge
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
03:13
of pill cutters and fax machines,
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืคืงืก,
03:16
to an era where we could have better outcomes, lower costs,
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ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:19
saving lives and space in your medicine cabinet?
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ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื—ื™ื™-ืื“ื ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
03:23
Well, I think part of the solution is all the emerging ways
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืฆืฆื•ืช
03:26
that we can measure and connect our health care information.
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ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจื•.
03:29
Today, we pretty much live in a reactive, sick-care world,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื”,
03:32
siloed information that doesn't flow.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืคื•ืฆืœ ืื ื›ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืจื.
03:35
We have the potential to move into a more continuous, real-time
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
03:38
proactive world of true health care.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื–ื•ื, ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
03:40
And part of that starts with the emerging world of quantified self.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”"ืื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืžืช",
03:43
We can measure so much of our physiology and behaviors today,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
03:46
and often it's siloed on our phones and scales,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœื™ื,
03:49
but it's starting to connect to our clinicians, our caregivers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™/ืจื•ืคืื•ืช ื•ืื—ื™/ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืฉืœื ื•,
03:52
so they can better optimize prevention, diagnostics and therapy.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื.
03:56
And when we can do that, we can do some interesting things.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
03:59
Take, for example, hypertension.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื.
04:01
It's the number one risk factor for early death and morbidity worldwide.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
04:05
Half of adult Americans, on approximation, have hypertension.
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ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื,
04:09
Less than half have it well-controlled.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:11
It's often because it takes two or three different classes of medications.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื,
04:14
It's tough to do adherence and adjust your blood pressure medications.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ืŸ.
04:17
We have 500 preventable deaths from noncontrolled hypertension
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 500 ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™-ืžื ื™ืขื” ืขืงื‘ ื™ืชืจ-ืœื—ืฅ-ื“ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ
04:20
in the US every day.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
04:22
But now we're in the era of connected blood pressure cuffs --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื --
04:25
the FDA just approved a blood pressure cuff
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ื”-FDA ืื™ืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื
04:27
that can go into your watch.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
04:29
There are now prototypes of cuffless radar-based blood pressure devices
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืขืช ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื•
04:33
that can continuously stream your blood pressure.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื.
04:35
So, in the future, I could --
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ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ --
04:37
instead of spot-checking my blood pressure in the clinic,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืจืคืื”,
04:39
my doctor could see my real-time numbers and my trends,
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื’ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช,
04:42
and adjust them as necessary,
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ื•ืœืื–ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš,
04:44
with the help of a blood pressure dosing algorithm
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื,
04:47
or using the Internet of Things.
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ืื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:49
Now, technology today can do even more.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:52
My smartwatch, already today, has an EKG built in
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ื‘ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืœื™, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื.ืง.ื’. ืžื•ื‘ื ื”,
04:55
that can be read by artificial intelligence.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
04:58
I'm wearing a small, Band-Aid-sized patch,
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ื“-ืžื“ื‘ืง
05:01
that is live-streaming my vital signs right now.
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ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ ืืช ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
05:03
Let's take a look.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜.
05:05
They're actually a little concerning at the moment.
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ื”ื ืงืฆืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:09
Now, it's not just my real-time vitals
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ืœื ืจืง ืืช ืžื“ื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช
05:12
that can be seen by my medical team or myself,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœื™ ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™,
05:14
it could be my retrospective data,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ,
05:16
and again, that'd be used to modify dosing and medication going forward.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืืœื” ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
05:20
Even my weight can be super-quantified;
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืžื•ืช-ืขืœ.
05:22
my weight, now my shape, how much body mass, fat,
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ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื™, ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืคื™, ืžืกืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™, ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ,
05:27
muscle mass I might have,
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ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
05:28
and use that to optimize my prevention or therapy.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืื• ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืฉืœื™.
05:32
And it's not just for the tech-savvy.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
05:34
Now, MIT engineers have modified wifi
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ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ MIT ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคื™ื™
05:37
so we can seamlessly connect and collect our vital signs
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืง,
05:41
from our connected rings and smart mattresses.
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ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:43
We can start to share this digital exhaust, our digitome,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืฉืคืข ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
05:46
and even potentially crowdsource it, sharing our health information
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื™ืงื•ืจ-ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:49
just like we share with our Google Maps and driving,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืคื•ืช-ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื•
05:52
to improve our -- not our driving, but our health experience globally.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ -- ืœื ืืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:56
So, that's great.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
05:58
We can potentially now collect this information.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื›ืขืช ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”.
06:00
What if your labs can go from the central lab
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ืžื” ืื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™
06:04
to your home, to your phone, to even inside our bodies
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ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื›ื, ืืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื›ื ืืคื™ืœื•
06:07
to measure drug levels or other varieties?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืจืžื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
06:10
And of course, we're in the age of genomics.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” .
06:12
I've been sequenced, it's just less than $1,000 today.
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ืจื™ืฆืคื• ืืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื ืฉืœื™, ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
06:15
And I can start to understand my pharmacogenomics --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจืžืงื•ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ --
06:17
how my genes impact whether I need high dose, low dose,
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš,
06:20
or maybe a different medication altogether.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
06:22
Let's imagine if your physician or your pharmacist
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ื”ื‘ื ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื ืœืจื•ืคื/ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืœืจื•ืงื—/ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
06:25
had this information integrated into their workflow,
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ื”ื™ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
06:27
augmented with artificial intelligence, AI, or as I like to refer to it, IA --
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ืžื—ื•ื–ืงื™ื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, AI, ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”, IA --
06:31
intelligence augmentation,
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ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืชื•ืกืคืช,
06:33
to leverage that information;
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”,
06:34
to understand, of the 18,000 or more approved drugs,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 18,000 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช,
06:37
which would be the right dose and combination for you.
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ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ื.
06:40
So great, now maybe we can optimize your drugs and your doses,
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ืื– ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืขืช ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
06:43
but the problem today is, we're still using this amazing technology
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ืืš ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื–ืืช
06:46
to keep track of our drugs.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
06:48
And of course, these technologies evolve,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•,
06:51
there's connected dispensers, reminder apps,
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ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื ื™ืคื•ืง ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช,
06:54
smart pill bottle caps that can text or tweet you or your mother
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืกืžืก ืื• ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืืœื™ืš ืื• ืœืืžืš
06:57
if you haven't taken your medications.
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ืื ืœื ื ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
06:59
PillPack was just acquired by Amazon,
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ืคื™ืœ-ืคืง (PillPack) ื ืจื›ืฉื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืข"ื™ ืืžืื–ื•ืŸ,
07:01
so soon we may have same-day delivery of our drugs, delivered by drone.
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ืื– ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื”ื™ื•ื-ืœื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืฉืชื•ืขื‘ืจื ื” ืข"ื™ ืจื—ืคืŸ.
07:05
So, all these things are possible today,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื,
07:08
but we're still taking multiple pills.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:09
What if we can make it simpler?
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
07:11
I think one of the solutions is to make better use of the polypill.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื‘-ื’ืœื•ืœื”.
07:14
A polypill is the integration of multiple medications into a single pill.
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ืจื‘-ื’ืœื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื’ืœื•ืœื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
07:18
And we have these today in common over-the-counter cold and flu remedies.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื-ืžืจืฉื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืงืจืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืคืขืช.
07:21
And there have been prevention polypill studies done,
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ื ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจื‘-ื’ืœื•ืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจืคื•ืื” ืžื•ื ืขืช,
07:24
giving combinations of statins, blood pressure, aspirin,
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ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื—ืฅ ื“ื, ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ,
07:26
which in randomized studies have been shown
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื•
07:28
to dramatically reduce risk, compared to placebo.
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ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืคืœืฆื‘ื•.
07:31
But these polypills weren't personalized, they weren't optimized to the individual.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™-ื’ืœื•ืœื” ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
07:35
What if we could optimize your personalized polypill?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ืจื‘-ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื”?
07:37
So it would be built for you, based on you, it could adapt to you,
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœื™ื›ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
07:41
even every single day.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
07:42
Well, we're now in the era of 3D printing. You can print personalized braces,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื›ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ื”ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืคืœื˜ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
07:46
hearing aids, orthopedic devices,
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ืขื–ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื•ืจื˜ื•ืคื“ื™ื™ื,
07:48
even I've been scanned and had my jeans tailored to fit to me.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื”ื’'ื™ื ืก ืฉืœื™.
07:52
So this got me thinking,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
07:53
what if we could 3D-print your personalized polypill?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืจื‘-ื’ืœื•ืœื” ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช?
07:56
So instead of taking six medications, for example,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ
07:59
I could integrate them into one.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืื—ืช.
08:00
So it would be easier to take, improve adherence
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ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืงื™ื—ืชืŸ
08:03
and potentially, it could even integrate in supplements,
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื’ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืคื ื™ืžื” ืชื•ืกืคื™ื,
08:05
like vitamin D or CoQ10.
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืื• ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื Q10.
08:09
So with some help -- I call these "IntelliMeds" --
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ื›ืš ืขื ืงืฆืช ืกื™ื•ืข -- ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” "ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ืžื“ืก" (ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช) --
08:12
and with the help of my IntelliMedicine engineering team,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ "ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื”" ืฉืœื™,
08:14
we built the first IntelliMedicine prototype printer.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืื‘-ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคืกืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื”.
08:17
And here's how it works:
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช:
08:19
instead of full tablets, we have small micromeds,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
08:21
one or two milligrams each,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
08:23
which are sorted and selected based on the dose and combination
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ืฉืžืžื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ
08:26
needed for an individual.
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ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
08:27
And of course, these would be doses and combinations
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื
08:30
you could already take together, FDA-approved drugs.
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ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช FDA ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
08:32
We could change the pharmacokinetics
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืžืงื•ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืงื”
08:34
by professionally layering on different elements to the individual micromeds.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.
08:39
And when we hit print,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื "ื”ื“ืคืก",
08:41
you print your combination of medications that might be needed by you
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ืืชื ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”ืŸ
08:44
on any individual day.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
08:46
And we'd start with, again, generic drugs for the most common problems.
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ื•ืื ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•, ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:50
About 90 percent of prescribed drugs today are low-cost generics.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืจืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช.
08:53
And once we've printed the pill, we can do some fun bells and whistles.
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ื•ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื™ืฃ.
08:57
We could print the name of the patient,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืœื”,
08:59
the date, the day of the week, a QR code.
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ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš, ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืื• ืงื•ื“ QR.
09:02
We could print different meds for tapering for a patient on a steroid taper,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืจื“,
09:06
or tapering from pain medications.
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ืื• ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืš ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
09:08
So, this is actually a look at our prototype IntelliMedicine printer.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆืฆื” ืืœ ืื‘-ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคืกืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:13
See, I'll unveil it here.
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ืจื•ืื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืืŸ.
09:15
It has about 16 different silos,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 16 ืชืื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื,
09:18
each containing individual micromeds.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
09:22
And I can now adjust on the software individual dosings.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืขืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื.
09:26
And when I do that, the robotic arm will adjust
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช, ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
09:30
the height of these spansules and the micromeds will release.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื—ืจืจื ื”.
09:33
I can now --
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• --
09:35
The automated process would rotate and cycle through,
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื,
09:37
to make sure the micromeds are loaded.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช.
09:39
And when I hit print,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืœื•ื—ืฅ "ื”ื“ืคืก",
09:41
these will all fall through the device,
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชื™ืคื•ืœื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืชืงืŸ,
09:43
I now pull out my personalized printed polypill
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ืื ื™ ื›ืขืช ืžื•ืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ืจื‘-ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™
09:47
with the doses and medications meant for me.
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ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
09:51
And we can take a look, if you look back to the slides,
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜, ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืงืคื™ื,
09:54
you can see the whole process, we can see the drug silos being selected,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชืื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื,
09:58
the pills doing down the different silos,
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
10:00
and being collected in the individual capsule.
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ื•ื ืืกืคื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช.
10:02
Now, this is great,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
10:04
I can potentially print my meds based on me,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœื™,
10:06
instead of taking six pills.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืฉ ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช.
10:08
I can now be looking at my individual dosing.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืขืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™,
10:11
My smartwatch is looking at my blood pressure:
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ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื™,
10:13
I needed an adjustment in my blood pressure medicines,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื™,
10:16
my coumadin level. My blood is too thin,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื“ืœื™ืœ ืžื“ื™,
10:18
so I lower my micromed dose of coumadin, a blood thinner.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ืžื™ืš ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ืœืœ ื”ื“ื.
10:22
So, this could be smartly adapted, day to day,
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ื›ืš, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื›ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืžื™,
10:24
programmed by my physician or cardiologist.
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ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ืข"ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™.
10:27
And you can imagine that larger printers, fast printers like this,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช,
10:30
could be in your corner pharmacy,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช ื”ืคื™ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ื,
10:33
in your doctor's office, in a rural clinic.
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ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ื›ืคืจื™ืช.
10:35
But it could eventually merge and shrink to small ones that could be in your home
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ืืš ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชืžื–ื’ ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืœืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื›ื,
10:39
with integrated cartridges like this that are delivered by drone.
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ืขื ืžื—ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช, ืฉืชื™ืฉืœื—ื ื” ืข"ื™ ืจื—ืคืŸ.
10:43
Could print your personalized polypill,
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ืจื‘-ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœื›ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
10:45
each morning on your kitchen or your bathroom cabinet.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื.
10:48
And this could evolve, I think,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
10:50
into an incredible way to improve adherence in medications across the globe.
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ืœื“ืจืš ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:54
So, I hope we can reimagine the future of medicine in new ways,
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
10:58
moving from polypharmacy,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
10:59
one-size-fits-all, low adherence, complications
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ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื, ืขื ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช, ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื
11:03
to an era of personalized, precise, on-demand medications
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ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืฆื•ืจืš,
11:07
that can take us and individualize our own health
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
11:10
and health and medicine around the planet.
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ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
11:13
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:21
Host: Daniel, that's kind of awesome.
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ืžืืจื—ืช: ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
11:23
Really cool.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ืœื™ืง.
11:25
Question for you, though.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืฉืืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจืš.
11:26
How long is it until, say, that nursing-home patient that you mentioned
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื ืืžืจ, ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช
11:30
is able to print their pills in their home?
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื?
11:32
Daniel Kraft: Well, again, this is just a prototype.
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ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืงืจืืคื˜: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
11:35
We think that the regulatory route [may] be automated compounding,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช,
11:38
and especially in nursing homes, folks are taking multiple medications,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
11:41
and they're often mixed up,
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ื•ื”ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื,
11:43
so it would be a perfect place to start with these technologies.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
11:46
These aren't going to evolve and start with printers on your bathroom counter.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”.
ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
11:50
We need to be intelligent and smart about how we roll these things out,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื—ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช,
11:53
but realizing there's so many challenges with dosing, adherence and precision,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
11:57
and now that we have all these amazing new technologies
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื ืคื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ืจื– ื•ืœืงื“ื
11:59
that can integrate and be leveraged, I think we need approaches like this
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12:01
to really catalyze and foster
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12:04
a true future of health and medicine.
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ืขืชื™ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
ืžืืจื—ืช: ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:06
Host: Great, thank you. DK: Thanks.
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ื“ื ื™ืืœ: ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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