The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home | Daniel Kraft

141,814 views

2018-11-08 ใƒป TED


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The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home | Daniel Kraft

141,814 views ใƒป 2018-11-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Effie geumjin Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeonggyu Kang
00:13
We live in a medication nation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
4.5 billion drug prescriptions will be prescribed by doctors like me
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ํ•œ ํ•ด์— ์•ฝ 45์–ต ๊ฑด์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰๋˜์ฃ .
00:21
this year, in the United States alone.
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์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
That's 15 for every man, woman and child.
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๋‚จ๋…€๋…ธ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹น 15๊ฑด์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
And for most of us,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
00:27
our experience with this medication is often a confusing number of pills,
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์•ฝ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜, ๋ณต์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ, ํš์ผ์ ์ธ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
00:30
instructions, side effects, one-size-fits-all dosing,
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00:34
which all too often we aren't taking as prescribed.
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์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
00:36
And this comes at tremendous expense,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
costing us our time, our money and our health.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ˆ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์žก์•„๋จน์ฃ .
00:41
And in our now exponential, connected, data-driven age,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณดํ™”, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
00:44
I think we can and we must do better.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
So let's take a dive at some of the challenges we have
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
00:51
and some potential solutions.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Let's start with the fact
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๋จผ์ € ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
00:55
that many drugs don't work for those who are prescribed them.
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์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ์ด ๋ณต์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
The top 10 grossing drugs in the United States this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํŒ”๋ฆฐ 10์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:03
they only benefit one in four to one in 23 of who take them.
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์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณต์šฉ์ž 4๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช… ํ˜น์€ 23๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…๋งŒ ์•ฝํšจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
That's great if you're number one, but what about everybody else?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:11
And what's worse, drugs, when they sometimes don't work,
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์•ฝ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:14
can still cause side effects.
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01:15
Take aspirin -- about one in four of us
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์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋Š” 4๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์€
01:17
who take aspirin to reduce our risk of cardiovascular disease
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01:20
are unknowingly aspirin-resistant
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์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
and still have the same risks of gastrointestinal bleeds
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์œ„์žฅ ๋‚ด์ถœํ˜ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:25
that kill thousands every year.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
01:28
It's adverse drug reactions like these
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด
01:31
that are, by some estimates, the number four leading cause of death
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ 4๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
in the United States.
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์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋˜ํ•œ
01:35
My own grandfather passed away
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01:36
after a single dose of antibiotic caused his kidneys to fail.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ณต์šฉ์ด ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
01:40
Now, adverse drug reactions and side effects
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
01:43
are often tied to challenges in dosing.
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๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
I trained in pediatrics (little people) and internal medicine (big people).
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ์™€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:49
So one night I might have been on call in the NICU,
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚ ์—๋Š”
01:52
carefully dosing to the fraction of a milligram
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ mg์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
a medication for a NICU baby.
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01:55
The next night -- on call in the emergency room,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:58
treating a 400-pound lineman or a frail nursing-home patient
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180 kg์˜ ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋“  ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์š”์–‘์› ํ™˜์ž๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
02:01
who, by most accounts, usually would get the same dose of medications
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์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ง‘ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
from the formulary.
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02:07
Which would mean, most of the time I would be underdosing the lineman
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ์€ ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
02:10
and overdosing the nursing-home patient.
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์š”์–‘์› ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ณผ๋‹ค ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
And beyond age and weight,
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๋‚˜์ด์™€ ์ฒด์ค‘๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:14
we tend to ignore differences in sex and race in dosing.
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์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Now, beyond this, we know we have a massive challenge
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
with noncompliance or low adherence.
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๋ณต์•ฝ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
02:25
Many of us who need to take our medications
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์•ฝ์„ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด
์•ฝ์„ ์•ˆ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ž˜๋ชป ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:27
aren't taking them or are taking them incorrectly.
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02:30
You know, 40 percent of adults in the US over 65
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ 40%๊ฐ€
02:32
are on five or more prescription medications.
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5 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Sometimes 15 or more.
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15 ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
02:36
And even small improvements in adherence can dramatically save dollars and lives.
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๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฏธ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
So, as we think into the future,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:46
you think that where we are today,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
02:48
as we often hear about smart, personalized, targeted drugs,
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๋งž์ถคํ˜•, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ‘œ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ข… ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Internet of Things, gene therapy, AI,
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ์œ ์ „์ž ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ
02:54
that we'd already arrived in this era of precision medicine.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:57
In reality, we still live in an age
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”
02:58
of empiric, trial-and-error, imprecision medicine.
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๋น„์ •๋ฐ€ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
I think we can do better.
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๋” ์ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:03
What if we could reimagine ways to help make your medicine-taking easier?
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์•ฝ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:07
To get the right doses and combinations to match you?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:11
What if we could move beyond today's literal cutting edge
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์š”์ฆ˜์˜ ์•Œ์•ฝ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ํŒฉ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ตœ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด
03:13
of pill cutters and fax machines,
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03:16
to an era where we could have better outcomes, lower costs,
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๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ, ๋” ์ข‹์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
saving lives and space in your medicine cabinet?
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์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•ฝ ์„œ๋ž์žฅ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:23
Well, I think part of the solution is all the emerging ways
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์˜ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
that we can measure and connect our health care information.
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03:29
Today, we pretty much live in a reactive, sick-care world,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:32
siloed information that doesn't flow.
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์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
We have the potential to move into a more continuous, real-time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ณ , ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
proactive world of true health care.
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03:40
And part of that starts with the emerging world of quantified self.
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๊ทธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
We can measure so much of our physiology and behaviors today,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
and often it's siloed on our phones and scales,
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:49
but it's starting to connect to our clinicians, our caregivers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
so they can better optimize prevention, diagnostics and therapy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ์ง„๋‹จ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:56
And when we can do that, we can do some interesting things.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Take, for example, hypertension.
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
04:01
It's the number one risk factor for early death and morbidity worldwide.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Half of adult Americans, on approximation, have hypertension.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋žต ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฆ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:09
Less than half have it well-controlled.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ํ˜‘์••์ด ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
It's often because it takes two or three different classes of medications.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ์—
04:14
It's tough to do adherence and adjust your blood pressure medications.
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
We have 500 preventable deaths from noncontrolled hypertension
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๋งค์ผ 500๊ฑด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
04:20
in the US every day.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งค์ผ์ด์š”.
04:22
But now we're in the era of connected blood pressure cuffs --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
the FDA just approved a blood pressure cuff
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FDA๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†๋ชฉ์‹œ๊ณ„์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:27
that can go into your watch.
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04:29
There are now prototypes of cuffless radar-based blood pressure devices
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ํŒ”์— ๊ฐ์„ ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
that can continuously stream your blood pressure.
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์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์••์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
04:35
So, in the future, I could --
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ..
04:37
instead of spot-checking my blood pressure in the clinic,
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
04:39
my doctor could see my real-time numbers and my trends,
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:42
and adjust them as necessary,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
with the help of a blood pressure dosing algorithm
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ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋‚˜
04:47
or using the Internet of Things.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:49
Now, technology today can do even more.
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์ด์ œ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
My smartwatch, already today, has an EKG built in
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์ œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์›Œ์น˜์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹ฌ์ „๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:55
that can be read by artificial intelligence.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
I'm wearing a small, Band-Aid-sized patch,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชธ์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋‘” ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ  ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒจ์น˜๋กœ๋Š”
05:01
that is live-streaming my vital signs right now.
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์ œ ์ƒ๋ช… ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:03
Let's take a look.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
05:05
They're actually a little concerning at the moment.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด์ง ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธด ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:09
Now, it's not just my real-time vitals
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€
05:12
that can be seen by my medical team or myself,
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:14
it could be my retrospective data,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
05:16
and again, that'd be used to modify dosing and medication going forward.
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์•ฝ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
Even my weight can be super-quantified;
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์ œ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
05:22
my weight, now my shape, how much body mass, fat,
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์ฒด์ค‘, ์ฒดํ˜•, ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ, ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:27
muscle mass I might have,
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05:28
and use that to optimize my prevention or therapy.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And it's not just for the tech-savvy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋‹ตํ„ฐ๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Now, MIT engineers have modified wifi
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MIT ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ Wifi๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
05:37
so we can seamlessly connect and collect our vital signs
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช…์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
from our connected rings and smart mattresses.
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๋ฐ˜์ง€๋‚˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์นจ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:43
We can start to share this digital exhaust, our digitome,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋ฉด
05:46
and even potentially crowdsource it, sharing our health information
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
just like we share with our Google Maps and driving,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ง€๋„์™€ ์šด์ „๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
05:52
to improve our -- not our driving, but our health experience globally.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์šด์ „์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
05:56
So, that's great.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
05:58
We can potentially now collect this information.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
What if your labs can go from the central lab
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ค‘์•™ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:04
to your home, to your phone, to even inside our bodies
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘, ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ, ๋ชธ์†์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
06:07
to measure drug levels or other varieties?
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋†๋„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:10
And of course, we're in the age of genomics.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์œ ์ „ํ•™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
06:12
I've been sequenced, it's just less than $1,000 today.
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์— 1000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ์ฑ„ ์•ˆ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:15
And I can start to understand my pharmacogenomics --
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์ œ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:17
how my genes impact whether I need high dose, low dose,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•ฝ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:20
or maybe a different medication altogether.
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06:22
Let's imagine if your physician or your pharmacist
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์•ฝ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์—…๋ฌด์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
had this information integrated into their workflow,
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06:27
augmented with artificial intelligence, AI, or as I like to refer to it, IA --
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ์ฆ‰ AI๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ•๋˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ IA๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:31
intelligence augmentation,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ง€๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ
06:33
to leverage that information;
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์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
06:34
to understand, of the 18,000 or more approved drugs,
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18,000 ์ข… ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์Šน์ธ๋œ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์„œ
06:37
which would be the right dose and combination for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋งž๋Š” ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:40
So great, now maybe we can optimize your drugs and your doses,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
06:43
but the problem today is, we're still using this amazing technology
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์•ฝ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:46
to keep track of our drugs.
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06:48
And of course, these technologies evolve,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
there's connected dispensers, reminder apps,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์•ฝํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณต์•ฝ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์•ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:54
smart pill bottle caps that can text or tweet you or your mother
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์•ฝํ†ต ๋šœ๊ป‘์€
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
if you haven't taken your medications.
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06:59
PillPack was just acquired by Amazon,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์•ฝ๊ตญ 'ํ•„ํŒฉ(PillPack)'์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์— ์ธ์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:01
so soon we may have same-day delivery of our drugs, delivered by drone.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋“œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์ผ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
So, all these things are possible today,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์•ฝ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
07:08
but we're still taking multiple pills.
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07:09
What if we can make it simpler?
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ข€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:11
I think one of the solutions is to make better use of the polypill.
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'ํด๋ฆฌํ•„(Polypill)'์„ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
A polypill is the integration of multiple medications into a single pill.
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ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•Œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „ ์—†์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์•ฝ์— ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
07:18
And we have these today in common over-the-counter cold and flu remedies.
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07:21
And there have been prevention polypill studies done,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์•ฝ, ํ˜ˆ์••์•ฝ, ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์„
07:24
giving combinations of statins, blood pressure, aspirin,
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07:26
which in randomized studies have been shown
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๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ํˆฌ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
๊ฐ€์งœ์•ฝ์„ ํˆฌ์•ฝํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
to dramatically reduce risk, compared to placebo.
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07:31
But these polypills weren't personalized, they weren't optimized to the individual.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋งž์ถคํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:35
What if we could optimize your personalized polypill?
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07:37
So it would be built for you, based on you, it could adapt to you,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ฝ์ด ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
07:41
even every single day.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งค์ผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:42
Well, we're now in the era of 3D printing. You can print personalized braces,
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐœ์ธ ๋งž์ถคํ˜•์˜ ๊ต์ •๊ธฐ, ๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ, ์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:46
hearing aids, orthopedic devices,
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07:48
even I've been scanned and had my jeans tailored to fit to me.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋ชธ์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•ด์„œ ๋งž์ถค ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ง€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
So this got me thinking,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์ฃ .
07:53
what if we could 3D-print your personalized polypill?
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๊ฐœ์ธ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์„ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?
07:56
So instead of taking six medications, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 6 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
07:59
I could integrate them into one.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
So it would be easier to take, improve adherence
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:03
and potentially, it could even integrate in supplements,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์–‘๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•ฉ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
like vitamin D or CoQ10.
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๋‚˜ ์ฝ”์—”์ž์ž„ ํํ… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:09
So with some help -- I call these "IntelliMeds" --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ..
์ €๋Š” "์ธํ…”๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”๋””์Šจ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:12
and with the help of my IntelliMedicine engineering team,
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์ €ํฌ ์ธํ…”๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”๋””์Šจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํŒ€์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
08:14
we built the first IntelliMedicine prototype printer.
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์ธํ…”๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”๋””์Šจ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And here's how it works:
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์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
08:19
instead of full tablets, we have small micromeds,
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ํฐ ์•Œ์•ฝ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1-2 mg์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
one or two milligrams each,
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์•ฝ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:23
which are sorted and selected based on the dose and combination
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08:26
needed for an individual.
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08:27
And of course, these would be doses and combinations
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์žˆ๋˜ FDA ์Šน์ธ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
you could already take together, FDA-approved drugs.
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08:32
We could change the pharmacokinetics
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์•ฝ๋ฆฌ์—ญํ•™๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
by professionally layering on different elements to the individual micromeds.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์•Œ์•ฝ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:39
And when we hit print,
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ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด
08:41
you print your combination of medications that might be needed by you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
on any individual day.
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๋งค์ผ ๋ชธ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์š”.
08:46
And we'd start with, again, generic drugs for the most common problems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
About 90 percent of prescribed drugs today are low-cost generics.
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š”์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ฝ์˜ ์•ฝ 90%๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:53
And once we've printed the pill, we can do some fun bells and whistles.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•œ ์•Œ์•ฝ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
We could print the name of the patient,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ ์งœ, ์š”์ผ, QR ์ฝ”๋“œ๋„ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:59
the date, the day of the week, a QR code.
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09:02
We could print different meds for tapering for a patient on a steroid taper,
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ์™„ํ™” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์™„ํ™” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:06
or tapering from pain medications.
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09:08
So, this is actually a look at our prototype IntelliMedicine printer.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ธํ…”๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”๋””์Šจ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:13
See, I'll unveil it here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
It has about 16 different silos,
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16๊ฐœ์˜ ์ €์žฅ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:18
each containing individual micromeds.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
And I can now adjust on the software individual dosings.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:26
And when I do that, the robotic arm will adjust
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒ”์ด ์บก์Š์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
09:30
the height of these spansules and the micromeds will release.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
I can now --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ..
์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
The automated process would rotate and cycle through,
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09:37
to make sure the micromeds are loaded.
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09:39
And when I hit print,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด..
09:41
these will all fall through the device,
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์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
09:43
I now pull out my personalized printed polypill
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์ด์ œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
with the doses and medications meant for me.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋งž๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:51
And we can take a look, if you look back to the slides,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋’ค์ชฝ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
09:54
you can see the whole process, we can see the drug silos being selected,
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์ „์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๊ณ 
09:58
the pills doing down the different silos,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
10:00
and being collected in the individual capsule.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์บก์Š๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:02
Now, this is great,
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์ฃ .
10:04
I can potentially print my meds based on me,
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์•Œ์•ฝ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ €๋งŒ์˜ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•Œ์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:06
instead of taking six pills.
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10:08
I can now be looking at my individual dosing.
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๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
My smartwatch is looking at my blood pressure:
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์ €๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์••๋„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:13
I needed an adjustment in my blood pressure medicines,
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ํ˜ˆ์••์•ฝ๊ณผ ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์ œ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
10:16
my coumadin level. My blood is too thin,
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์„œ์š”.
10:18
so I lower my micromed dose of coumadin, a blood thinner.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์ œ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋”˜์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So, this could be smartly adapted, day to day,
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์— ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
programmed by my physician or cardiologist.
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์ œ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋‚ด๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:27
And you can imagine that larger printers, fast printers like this,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ , ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด ๋‘˜๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ๋Š”
10:30
could be in your corner pharmacy,
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์ง‘๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์•ฝ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹ค, ์™ธ๊ณฝ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
10:33
in your doctor's office, in a rural clinic.
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10:35
But it could eventually merge and shrink to small ones that could be in your home
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
with integrated cartridges like this that are delivered by drone.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋“œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์†กํ•˜๋ฉด
10:43
Could print your personalized polypill,
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๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ๋ถ€์—Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์š•์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํด๋ฆฌํ•„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:45
each morning on your kitchen or your bathroom cabinet.
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10:48
And this could evolve, I think,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
10:50
into an incredible way to improve adherence in medications across the globe.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์•ฝ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
So, I hope we can reimagine the future of medicine in new ways,
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์ด์ œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:58
moving from polypharmacy,
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๋‹ค์ œ๋ณต์šฉ, ํš์ผ์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ, ๋ณต์•ฝ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€, ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
10:59
one-size-fits-all, low adherence, complications
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11:03
to an era of personalized, precise, on-demand medications
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ œ๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ˜• ์•ฝ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
that can take us and individualize our own health
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:10
and health and medicine around the planet.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:21
Host: Daniel, that's kind of awesome.
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์ง„ํ–‰์ž: ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜, ์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ตฐ์š”.
11:23
Really cool.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ ธ์š”.
11:25
Question for you, though.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
How long is it until, say, that nursing-home patient that you mentioned
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์–ธ์ œ์ฏค์—๋‚˜..
๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žํƒ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์•ฝ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:30
is able to print their pills in their home?
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11:32
Daniel Kraft: Well, again, this is just a prototype.
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ์Œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
We think that the regulatory route [may] be automated compounding,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
and especially in nursing homes, folks are taking multiple medications,
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์žํƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
11:41
and they're often mixed up,
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11:43
so it would be a perfect place to start with these technologies.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š•์‹ค์— ๋‘˜ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
These aren't going to evolve and start with printers on your bathroom counter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ˜„ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
We need to be intelligent and smart about how we roll these things out,
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์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ณต์•ฝ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:53
but realizing there's so many challenges with dosing, adherence and precision,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
and now that we have all these amazing new technologies
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11:59
that can integrate and be leveraged, I think we need approaches like this
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
12:01
to really catalyze and foster
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ฆ์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
a true future of health and medicine.
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์ง„ํ–‰์ž: ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
Host: Great, thank you. DK: Thanks.
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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