How did we get fertility so wrong? | Am I Normal? with Mona Chalabi

Transcriber:

Biologically speaking,

Translator: Endang Pratiwi Reviewer: Maria Nainggolan

Secara biologis,

I am right in the middle of my reproductive age.

saya berada tepat di tengah masa aktif reproduksi.

That's the years between 15 and 49,

Usia antara 15 sampai dengan 49 tahun,

when most people with ovaries are able to have children.

adalah masa bagi yang memiliki ovarium dapat hamil.

Socially speaking, that means I'm right in the middle

Secara sosial, berarti saya berada tepat di tengah

of roughly 30 years' worth of public commentary,

usia 30 tahunan diterpa oleh komentar publik,

suggestions and judgments about my fertility.

saran dan penghakiman tentang kesuburan saya.

Whether it’s regular pleas from my mum to give her grandchildren,

Baik itu tuntutan dari ibu saya untuk memberikannya cucu,

or depictions of desperate females in movies and TV,

maupun sosok wanita putus asa di film dan TV,

it's a reality that is hard to escape.

kenyataan ini sulit dihindari.

And let's not forget about the ads

Belum termasuk iklan

that have been following me around the internet

yang terus mengikutiku di internet

since the age of roughly 25, promising to track my ovulation,

sejak berusia 25 tahunan yang berjanji melacak masa ovulasi saya,

confirm a pregnancy

memastikan kehamilan,

or let me know about places nearby where I can freeze my eggs.

atau memberitahu klinik terdekat untuk membekukan sel telur.

But what about the sperm?

Tetapi bagaimana dengan sperma?

Why have none of my male friends

Kenapa tak ada teman pria

or the guys I've dated been exposed to this same pressure?

atau teman kencan saya yang mengalami tekanan yang sama?

[Am I Normal? With Mona Chalabi]

[Normalkah Saya? oleh Mona Chalabi]

Well, we know from historical data that for generations,

Berdasarkan data sejarah selama beberapa generasi,

research into fertility has focused on poking and prodding uteruses,

penelitian tentang kesuburan berfokus pada menusuk dan mendorong rahim,

while our understanding of male fertility has continued to lag behind.

sementara pemahaman tentang kesuburan pria terus tertinggal.

For example, in the US, there was a 50-year gap

Misalnya, di AS, pernah terdapat 50 tahun jeda

between the founding of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1927

antara berdirinya Badan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Amerika pada 1927

and the formation of the American Society of Andrology in 1975.

dan dibentuknya Lembaga Andrologi Amerika pada 1975.

And today in the US,

Kini di AS,

there are an estimated five reproductive endocrinologists

diperkirakan terdapat lima ahli endokrin reproduksi

who mostly specialize with female patients,

yang kebanyakan spesialis pasien wanita,

for every one male fertility specialist.

untuk tiap satu spesialis kesuburan pria.

Research into male fertility really only began to make waves in the 1990s.

Penelitian tentang kesuburan pria baru benar-benar terjadi pada 1990an.

And since then, research has started to chip away at the persistent myth

Sejak itu, penelitian mulai menghilangkan mitos abadi

that a man's sperm is viable over his entire life.

bahwa sperma pria tetap aktif selama hidupnya.

A study from 2013 found

Sebuah studi pada 2013 menemukan

that there is a big change that happens in male fertility after the age of 34.

bahwa terjadi perubahan besar pada kesuburan pria di atas usia 34 tahun.

At age 35, their sperm count begins to drop.

Pada usia 35 tahun, jumlah sperma mereka mulai menurun.

At 40, the sperm concentration,

Pada usia 40 tahun, konsentrasi sperma,

as well as the percentage of sperm with a normal shape, begins to decline.

serta persentase sperma dari bentuk normal, juga mulai menurun.

At 43, sperm motility decreases,

Pada usia 43 tahun, motilitas sperma menurun.

And from the age of 45, semen ejaculate volume begins to go down.

Usia 45 tahun ke atas, volume ejakulasi semen mulai menurun.

What all of this means is that from the age of 34,

Ini berarti usia 34 tahun ke atas,

there is a declining likelihood

ada penurunan peluang

that a man will father a child through intercourse.

seorang pria akan menjadi ayah melalui hubungan seksual.

And that probability continues to decline as they get older.

Kemungkinan tersebut makin menurun seiring bertambahnya usia.

Crucially, that decline exists

Yang terpenting, penurunan itu terjadi

independently of the age of their female partner.

terlepas berapapun usia pasangan wanita mereka.

Because of research like this,

Dengan adanya penelitian ini,

a growing number of physicians are arguing that men have biological clocks, too.

semakin banyak dokter yang memperdebatkan jika pria juga memiliki jam biologis.

This is really important

Hal ini sangat penting

because most fertility research did not control for the age of the father.

karena kebanyakan penelitian kesuburan tidak mengontrol usia sang ayah.

What this means is that so much of our understanding

Begitu banyak pemahaman kita

about how women in their late 30s are struggling to get pregnant

bagaimana wanita berusia 30an akhir berjuang untuk hamil

has not taken into account

tidak pernah diperhitungkan

that many of them are trying to get pregnant with men in their 40s.

jika banyak diantara mereka berusaha hamil dengan pria berusia 40an.

Imagine the other fertility breakthroughs

Bayangkan terobosan kesuburan lainnya

that could come about with even better research --

dapat terjadi dengan penelitian yang lebih baik

and the effect that all of that would have on our culture and our behavior.

dan dampaknya terhadap budaya dan perilaku kita.

Young couples might be able to better prepare when to have children.

Pasangan muda dapat lebih siap saat ingin memiliki anak.

Guys would be hounded by ads on when to freeze their sperm,

Kaum pria akan diburu iklan kapan saatnya membekukan sperma,

and I would have even more reason to continue to date young hot men.

dan saya punya lebih banyak alasan terus berkencan dengan pria muda seksi.

We've always known that it takes two to tango.

Diperlukan sepasang pria dan wanita untuk hamil.

Now it's time for research to give both partners equal billing.

Kini saatnya untuk penelitian yang adil bagi kedua belah pihak.