How shocking events can spark positive change | Naomi Klein

Prevoditelj: Djurdjica Ercegovac Recezent: Sanda L

There's a question I've been puzzling over and writing about

Postoji jedno pitanje koje me zbunjivalo i o kojem sam pisala

for pretty much all of my adult life.

skoro cijelog svog života kao odrasle osobe.

Why do some large-scale crises

Zašto nas neke krize velikih razmjera

jolt us awake and inspire us to change and evolve

naglo trgnu iz sna i inspiriraju da se promijenimo i evoluiramo,

while others might jolt us a bit,

dok nas druge samo malo potresu

but then it's back to sleep?

i onda opet utonemo u san?

Now, the kind of shocks I'm talking about are big --

Naime, šokovi o kojima govorim su veliki -

a cataclysmic market crash, rising fascism,

kataklizmički slom tržišta, rastući fašizam,

an industrial accident that poisons on a massive scale.

industrijski udes koji uzrokuje trovanje masivnih razmjera.

Now, events like this can act like a collective alarm bell.

Naime, događaji poput tih mogu djelovati kao kolektivni alarm.

Suddenly, we see a threat, we get organized.

Odjednom vidimo prijetnju i organiziramo se.

We discover strength and resolve that was previously unimaginable.

Otkrivamo snagu i odlučnost koja je prije bila nezamisliva.

It's as if we're no longer walking, but leaping.

To je kao da više ne idemo korakom, nego u skokovima.

Except, our collective alarm seems to be busted.

Samo što izgleda kao da je naš kolektivni alarm pokvaren.

Faced with a crisis, we often fall apart, regress

Suočeni s krizom često se raspadamo, nazadujemo

and that becomes a window for antidemocratic forces

i to postaje prozor kroz koji antidemokratske sile

to push societies backwards, to become more unequal and more unstable.

guraju društva prema natrag, k još većoj nejednakosti i nestabilnosti.

Ten years ago, I wrote about this backwards process

Prije deset godina pisala sam o tom procesu nazadovanja

and I called it the "Shock Doctrine."

i nazvala ga "Doktrina šoka".

So what determines which road we navigate through crisis?

Dakle, što određuje kojim putem ćemo krenuti u vrijeme krize?

Whether we grow up fast and find those strengths

Hoćemo li se brzo podići i pronaći tu snagu,

or whether we get knocked back.

ili ćemo biti gurnuti prema natrag.

And I'd say this is a pressing question these days.

A rekla bih da je to neodgodivo pitanje u današnje vrijeme.

Because things are pretty shocking out there.

Jer stvari su tamo vani prilično šokantne.

Record-breaking storms, drowning cities,

Nezapamćene oluje, gradovi pod vodom,

record-breaking fires threatening to devour them,

nezapamćeni požari koji prijete da ih proždru,

thousands of migrants disappearing beneath the waves.

tisuće migranata koji nestaju u valovima

And openly supremacist movements rising,

i jačanje otvoreno rasističkih pokreta,

in many of our countries there are torches in the streets.

u mnogim našim zemljama gore baklje na ulicama.

And now there's no shortage of people who are sounding the alarm.

I sad, nije da nedostaje ljudi koji dižu alarm i upozoravaju na opasnost.

But as a society, I don't think we can honestly say

Ali, kao društvo, mislim da ne možemo iskreno reći

that we're responding with anything like the urgency

da naša reakcija imalo odgovara hitnosti

that these overlapping crises demand from us.

koju ove isprepletene krize zahtijevaju od nas.

And yet, we know from history

A ipak, znamo iz povijesti

that it is possible for crisis to catalyze a kind of evolutionary leap.

da je moguće da kriza bude katalizator evolucijskog skoka.

And one of the most striking examples of this progressive power of crisis

A jedan od najdojmljivijih primjera za tu progresivnu snagu krize

is the Great Crash of 1929.

je Veliki slom 1929. godine.

There was the shock of the sudden market collapse

Zbog iznenadnog sloma tržišta došlo je do šoka

followed by all of the aftershocks,

kojeg su slijedili svi naknadni šokovi,

the millions who lost everything thrown onto breadlines.

milijuni ljudi koji su sve izgubili natjerani su u redove za kruh.

And this was taken by many as a message that the system itself was broken.

A mnogi su to shvatili kao poruku da je sam sustav propao.

And many people listened and they leapt into action.

I mnogi su ljudi poslušali i smjesta krenuli u akciju.

In the United States and elsewhere, governments began to weave a safety net

U Sjedinjenim Državama i drugdje, vlade su počele plesti sigurnosne mreže,

so that the next time there was a crash

tako da u slučaju sljedećeg sloma

there would be programs like social security to catch people.

već postoje programi poput socijalnog osiguranja da prihvate ljude.

There were huge job-creating public investments

Došlo je do golemih investiranja kojima su stvorena nova radna mjesta

in housing, electrification and transit.

u stanogradnji, elektrifikaciji i transportu.

And there was a wave of aggressive regulation

I nastao je val agresivne regulacije

to reign in the banks.

kako bi se zauzdale banke.

Now, these reforms were far from perfect.

Te reforme su bile daleko od savršenih.

In the US, African American workers, immigrants and women

U SAD-u, afroamerički radnici, imigranti i žene

were largely excluded.

bili su uglavnom isključeni.

But the Depression period,

No, razdoblje Depresije

along with the transformation of allied nations and economies

zajedno s transformacijom savezničkih država i ekonomije

during the World War II effort,

za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata,

show us that it is possible for complex societies

pokazuju nam da je moguće da se kompleksna društva

to rapidly transform themselves in the face of a collective threat.

brzo transformiraju kada su suočena s kolektivnom prijetnjom.

Now, when we tell this story of the 1929 Crash,

Kada pričamo ovu priču o Slomu 1929. godine,

that's usually the formula that it follows --

ovo je obično formula koja slijedi ...

that there was a shock and it induced a wake-up call

da je došlo do šoka koji je potaknuo poziv na buđenje,

and that produced a leap to a safer place.

a to je proizvelo skok na sigurnije mjesto.

Now, if that's really what it took,

Ako je to zaista ono što je bilo potrebno,

then why isn't it working anymore?

zašto to onda više ne funkcionira?

Why do today's non-stop shocks --

Zašto današnji non-stop šokovi -

why don't they spur us into action?

zašto nas oni ne potaknu na akciju?

Why don't they produce leaps?

Zašto oni ne proizvode skokove?

Especially when it comes to climate change.

Naročito kad se radi o klimatskim promjenama.

So I want to talk to you today

Stoga vam danas želim govoriti

about what I think is a much more complete recipe for deep transformation

o nečemu što je, po mom mišljenju, cjelovitiji recept za duboku promjenu,

catalyzed by shocking events.

pospješenu potresnim događanjima.

And I'm going to focus on two key ingredients

Fokusirat ću se na dva ključna elementa

that usually get left out of the history books.

koja se obično izostavljaju iz povijesnih knjiga.

One has to do with imagination, the other with organization.

Jedan je povezan s imaginacijom, drugi s organizacijom.

Because it's in the interplay between the two

Zbog toga jer upravo u njihovom međusobnom djelovanju

where revolutionary power lies.

leži revolucionarna snaga.

So let's start with imagination.

Pa počnimo s imaginacijom.

The victories of the New Deal didn't happen just because suddenly

Pobjede New Deala nisu se dogodile samo zato jer su odjednom

everybody understood the brutalities of laissez-faire.

svi shvatili brutalnost laissez-faire 'pustiti da sve ide svojim tokom'.

This was a time, let's remember, of tremendous ideological ferment,

Bilo je to vrijeme, sjetimo se, ogromnih ideoloških previranja,

when many different ideas about how to organize societies

kada su se mnoge različite ideje o tome kako organizirati društvo

did battle with one another in the public square.

međusobno sukobljavale na javnom trgu.

A time when humanity dared to dream big

Vrijeme kada se čovječanstvo usudilo sanjati velike snove

about different kinds of futures,

o raznim oblicima budućnosti,

many of them organized along radically egalitarian lines.

mnogi od njih organizirani sukladno radikalno egalitarističkim pravcima.

Now, not all of these ideas were good

Nisu sve te ideje bile dobre,

but this was an era of explosive imagining.

no, bila je to era eksplozivnog maštanja.

This meant that the movements demanding change

To je značilo da su pokreti koji su tražili promjenu

knew what they were against -- crushing poverty, widening inequality --

znali protiv čega su - poraznog siromaštva, širenja nejednakosti,

but just as important, they knew what they were for.

no, jednako važno, znali su za što se bore.

They had their "no" and they had their "yes," too.

Imali su i svoje "ne" i svoje "da".

They also had very different models of political organization

Imali su također vrlo različite modele političke organizacije

than we do today.

no što ih imamo danas.

For decades, social and labor movements

Desetljećima su socijalni i radnički pokreti

had been building up their membership bases,

gradili baze svog članstva

linking their causes together and increasing their strength.

povezujući zajedno svoje ciljeve i jačajući svoju snagu.

Which meant that by the time the Crash happened,

Što je značilo da je do vremena kad se dogodio Slom,

there was already a movement that was large and broad enough

već postojao pokret koji je bio dovoljno velik i širok

to, for instance, stage strikes that didn't just shut down factories,

da, na primjer, pokrene štrajkove koji nisu samo obustavljali rad tvornica,

but shut down entire cities.

nego su paralizirali cijele gradove.

The big policy wins of the New Deal were actually offered as compromises.

Velike pobjedničke mjere New Deala bile su zapravo ponuđene kao kompromisi.

Because the alternative seemed to be revolution.

Zato jer je izgledalo da je alternativa revolucija.

So, let's adjust that equation from earlier.

Hajdemo, onda, podesiti onu raniju jednadžbu.

A shocking event plus utopian imagination

Šokantan događaj plus utopijska imaginacija,

plus movement muscle,

plus snaga pokreta,

that's how we get a real leap.

tako dobivamo stvarni skok.

So how does our present moment measure up?

Kako onda u odnosu na to stoji naš sadašnji trenutak?

We are living, once again, at a time of extraordinary political engagements.

Mi živimo, ponovo, u vrijeme izuzetnih političkih borbi.

Politics is a mass obsession.

Politika je masovna opsesija.

Progressive movements are growing and resisting with tremendous courage.

Progresivni pokreti rastu i odupiru se golemom hrabrošću.

And yet, we know from history that "no" is not enough.

A ipak, znamo iz povijesti da "ne" nije dovoljno.

Now, there are some "yeses" out there that are emerging.

Istina, ima i nekih "da" koji se pojavljuju tamo vani.

And they're actually getting a lot bolder quickly.

I oni, zapravo, brzo postaju sve odvažniji.

Where climate activists used to talk about changing light bulbs,

Dok su klimatski aktivisti prije govorili o mijenjanju žarulja,

now we're pushing for 100 percent of our energy

mi danas tražimo da 100 posto energije

to come from the sun, wind and waves,

dolazi od sunca, vjetra i valova,

and to do it fast.

i da se to učini brzo.

Movements catalyzed by police violence against black bodies

Pokreti potaknuti policijskim nasiljem nad crnim tijelima

are calling for an end to militarized police, mass incarceration

traže da se zaustavi militarizacija policije, masovno hapšenje,

and even for reparations for slavery.

čak i reparacije za ropstvo.

Students are not just opposing tuition increases,

Studenti ne samo da se protive povećanju školarina,

but from Chile to Canada to the UK,

nego od Čilea do Kanade, do Velike Britanije

they are calling for free tuition and debt cancellation.

traže besplatno školovanje i poništenje dugova.

And yet, this still doesn't add up

No, to, ipak, ne rezultira

to the kind of holistic and universalist vision

onom vrstom holističke i sveobuhvatne vizije

of a different world than our predecessors had.

drugačijeg svijeta kakvog su imali naši preci.

So why is that?

Pa, zašto je tome tako?

Well, very often we think about political change

Mi često o političkoj promjeni mislimo

in defined compartments these days.

u definiranim odjeljcima u današnje vrijeme.

Environment in one box, inequality in another,

Okoliš u jednom odjeljku, nejednakost u drugom,

racial and gender justice in a couple of other boxes,

rasna i rodna pravda u nekoliko drugih odjeljaka,

education over here, health over there.

obrazovanje ovdje, zdravlje tamo.

And within each compartment,

A unutar svakog odjeljka

there are thousands upon thousands of different groups and NGOs,

postoji tisuće i tisuće raznih grupa i nevladinih organizacija,

each competing with one another for credit, name recognition

koje se međusobno natječu za priznanje, prepoznatljivo ime

and of course, resources.

i, naravno, resurse.

In other words, we act a lot like corporate brands.

Drugim riječima, mi djelujemo uglavnom kao korporativni brendovi.

Now, this is often referred to as the problem of silos.

To se često spominje kao problem organizacijskih silosa.

Now, silos are understandable.

Organizacijski silosi su razumljivi.

They carve up our complex world into manageable chunks.

Oni dijele naš složeni svijet na lako obradive blokove.

They help us feel less overwhelmed.

Oni nam pomažu da se osjećamo manje shrvani.

But in the process, they also train our brains to tune out

No, u tom procesu oni također treniraju naš mozak da se isključi

when somebody else's issue comes up

kad iskrsne nečiji tuđi problem

and when somebody else's issue needs our help and support.

i kada nečiji tuđi problem treba našu pomoć i podršku.

And they also keep us from seeing glaring connections between our issues.

A također nas i sprečavaju da vidimo očiglednu povezanost naših problema.

So for instance, the people fighting poverty and inequality

Tako, na primjer, ljudi koji se bore protiv siromaštva i nejednakosti

rarely talk about climate change.

rijetko govore o klimatskim promjenama.

Even though we see time and again

Iako uvijek iznova vidimo

that it's the poorest of people

da su najsiromašniji ljudi

who are the most vulnerable to extreme weather.

ti koji su najranjiviji u slučaju ekstremnih vremenskih uvjeta.

The climate change people rarely talk about war and occupation.

Ljudi klimatskih promjena rijetko govore o ratu i okupaciji,

Even though we know that the thirst for fossil fuels

iako znamo da je žeđ za fosilnim gorivima

has been a major driver of conflict.

glavni pokretač sukoba.

The environmental movement has gotten better at pointing out

Pokret za očuvanje okoliša popravio se ističući

that the nations that are getting hit hardest by climate change

da su zemlje koje najviše pogađaju klimatske promjene,

are populated overwhelmingly by black and brown people.

nastanjene pretežno crnim i smeđim narodima.

But when black lives are treated as disposable

No, kada se crni životi tretiraju kao jednokratna roba

in prisons, in schools and on the streets,

u zatvorima, u školama i na ulicama,

these connections are too rarely made.

ta povezanost se suviše rijetko spominje.

The walls between our silos

Zidovi između naših silosa

also means that our solutions, when they emerge,

također znače da naša rješenja, kada se pojave,

are also disconnected from each other.

također nisu međusobno povezana.

So progressives now have this long list of demands that I was mentioning earlier,

Dakle, progresivne grupe imaju tu dugu listu zahtjeva koje sam prije spomenula,

those "yeses."

te "da"-ove.

But what we're still missing

No, još uvijek nam nedostaje

is that coherent picture of the world we're fighting for.

ta koherentna slika svijeta za koji se borimo.

What it looks like, what it feels like, and most of all, what its core values are.

Kako izgleda, kakav je iznutra i prije svega, koje su mu temeljne vrijednosti.

And that really matters.

A to je stvarno važno.

Because when large-scale crises hit us

Jer kad nas pogode krize velikih razmjera

and we are confronted with the need to leap somewhere safer,

i suočeni smo s potrebom da skočimo nekamo na sigurno,

there isn't any agreement on what that place is.

ne postoji nikakav sporazum o tome koje je to mjesto.

And leaping without a destination

A skakati bez odredišta

looks a lot like jumping up and down.

jako liči na skakanje gore - dolje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Fortunately, there are all kinds of conversations and experiments going on

Na sreću, raznovrsni razgovori i eksperimenti su u tijeku,

to try to overcome these divisions that are holding us back.

kako bi se pokušalo prebroditi te podijeljenosti koje nas zadržavaju.

And I want to finish by talking about one of them.

I željela bih završiti govoreći o jednoj od njih.

A couple of years ago, a group of us in Canada

Prije nekoliko godina, grupa nas u Kanadi

decided that we were hitting the limits

zaključila je da smo dosegli granice

of what we could accomplish in our various silos.

onoga što bismo mogli postići u našim različitim silosima.

So we locked ourselves in a room for two days,

Pa smo se zaključali u sobu na dva dana

and we tried to figure out what bound us together.

i pokušali ustanoviti što je to što nas povezuje.

In that room were people who rarely get face to face.

U toj su sobi bili ljudi koji su se rijetko sreli licem u lice.

There were indigenous elders with hipsters working on transit.

Bilo je tamo indijanskih starješina i hipstera koji su se bavili prometom.

There was the head of Greenpeace

Bio je tamo direktor Greenpeacea

with a union leader representing oil workers and loggers.

s vođom sindikata naftnih radnika i drvosječa.

There were faith leaders and feminist icons and many more.

Bilo je tamo vjerskih vođa, feminističkih ikona i mnogih drugih.

And we gave ourselves a pretty ambitious assignment:

I dali smo si prilično ambiciozan zadatak:

agreeing on a short statement describing the world after we win.

da se složimo o kratkoj izjavi koja će opisivati svijet nakon što pobijedimo.

The world after we've already made the transition to a clean economy

Svijet nakon što smo već prešli na čistu ekonomiju

and a much fairer society.

i ostvarili mnogo pravednije društvo.

In other words,

Drugim riječima,

instead of trying to scare people about what will happen if we don't act,

umjesto da pokušavamo uplašiti ljude onime što će se dogoditi ako ne djelujemo,

we decided to try to inspire them with what could happen if we did act.

odlučili smo ih pokušati inspirirati onim što bi se moglo dogoditi ako djelujemo.

Sensible people are always telling us

Razumni ljudi su nam uvijek govorili

that change needs to come in small increments.

da promjena mora doći u malim količinama.

That politics is the art of the possible

Da je politika umjetnost mogućeg

and that we can't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.

i da ne možemo dozvoliti da savršeno bude neprijatelj dobra.

Well, we rejected all of that.

No, mi smo sve to odbacili.

We wrote a manifesto, and we called it "The Leap."

Napisali smo manifest i nazvali ga "Skok".

I have to tell you that agreeing on our common "yes"

Moram vam reći da sporazumijevanje o našem zajedničkom "da"

across such diversity of experiences

s obzirom na toliku raznolikost iskustava

and against a backdrop of a lot of painful history

i mnogo bolne prošlosti u pozadini,

was not easy work.

nije bio lak posao.

But it was also pretty thrilling.

Ali, bilo je i prilično uzbudljivo.

Because as soon as we gave ourselves permission to dream,

Jer čim smo si dali dozvolu da sanjamo,

those threads connecting much of our work became self-evident.

te niti koje povezuju većinu onoga što radimo, postale su očigledne.

We realized, for instance,

Shvatili smo, na primjer,

that the bottomless quest for profits

da neutaživa žeđ za profitima

that is forcing so many people to work more than 50 hours a week,

koja tjera tako mnogo ljudi da rade više od 50 sati tjedno,

without security,

bez osiguranja,

and that is fueling this epidemic of despair

i koja hrani tu epidemiju očaja,

is the same quest for bottomless profits and endless growth

je ona ista neutaživa žeđ za profitima i beskonačnim rastom

that is at the heart of our ecological crisis

koja je u srcu naše ekološke krize

and is destabilizing our planet.

i koja destabilizira naš planet.

It also became clear what we need to do.

Također je postalo jasno što moramo učiniti.

We need to create a culture of care-taking.

Moramo stvoriti kulturu skrbi.

In which no one and nowhere is thrown away.

U kojoj nitko nigdje neće biti odbačen.

In which the inherent value of all people and every ecosystem is foundational.

U kojoj inherentna vrijednost svih ljudi i svakog ekosustava čini temelj.

So we came up with this people's platform,

Stoga smo osmislili tu narodnu platformu,

and don't worry, I'm not going to read the whole thing to you out loud --

i, ne brinite, neću čitati cijelu stvar ovdje naglas -

if you're interested, you can read it at theleap.org.

ako vas zanima, možete je pročitati na theleap.org.

But I will give you a taste of what we came up with.

No, dat ću vam naznaku onoga što smo smislili.

So we call for that 100 percent renewable economy in a hurry,

Dakle, mi tražimo 100 posto obnovljivu ekonomiju, žurno.

but we went further.

Ali, išli smo i dalje.

Calls for new kinds of trade deals,

Tražimo nove vrste trgovačkih sporazuma,

a robust debate on a guaranteed annual income,

snažnu debatu o zajamčenom godišnjem dohotku,

full rights for immigrant workers,

puna prava za radnike imigrante,

getting corporate money out of politics,

uklanjanje korporativnog novca iz politike,

free universal day care, electoral reform and more.

besplatnu dnevnu brigu o djeci, izbornu reformu i još mnogo toga.

What we discovered is that a great many of us

Ono što smo otkrili je da velika većina nas

are looking for permission to act less like brands and more like movements.

traži dozvolu da djelujemo kao pokreti, a ne kao brendovi.

Because movements don't care about credit.

Jer pokreti ne mare za priznanje.

They want good ideas to spread far and wide.

Oni žele širiti dobre ideje nadaleko i naširoko.

What I love about The Leap

Sviđa mi se kod The Leapa to

is that it rejects the idea that there is this hierarchy of crisis,

što on odbija ideju da postoji ta hijerarhija krize

and it doesn't ask anyone to prioritize one struggle over another

i nikoga ne traži da daje prednost jednoj borbi u odnosu na drugu

or wait their turn.

ili da čeka svoj red.

And though it was birthed in Canada,

Iako je rođen u Kanadi,

we've discovered that it travels well.

otkrili smo da dobro putuje.

Since we launched, The Leap has been picked up around the world

Otkad smo ga lansirali, The Leap je prihvaćen širom svijeta,

with similar platforms,

sa sličnim platformama

being written from Nunavut to Australia,

koje se pišu od Nunavuta do Australije,

to Norway to the UK and the US,

do Norveške, Velike Britanije i SAD-a,

where it's gaining a lot of traction in cities like Los Angeles,

gdje ima velikog odjeka u gradovima poput Los Angelesa,

where it's being localized.

gdje je dobio lokalnu verziju.

And also in rural communities that are traditionally very conservative,

Također, u ruralnim zajednicama koje su tradicionalno vrlo konzervativne,

but where politics is failing the vast majority of people.

no, gdje je politika iznevjerila veliku većinu ljudi.

Here's what I've learned from studying shocks and disasters for two decades.

Evo što sam naučila istražujući šokove i katastrofe tijekom 20 godina.

Crises test us.

Krize nas testiraju.

We either fall apart or we grow up fast.

Mi se ili raspadamo ili rastemo ubrzano,

Finding new reserves of strength and capacity that we never knew we had.

pronalazeći nove rezerve snage i kapacitete koje nismo ni znali da imamo.

The shocking events that fill us with dread today

Šokantni događaji koji nas danas ispunjavaju strahom,

can transform us, and they can transform the world for the better.

mogu promijeniti nas i mogu promijeniti svijet nabolje.

But first we need to picture the world that we're fighting for.

No, prvo moramo oslikati svijet za koji se borimo.

And we have to dream it up together.

I moramo ga zajedno izmisliti.

Right now, every alarm in our house is going off simultaneously.

Ovoga časa, svaki alarm u našoj kući zvoni istovremeno.

It's time to listen.

Vrijeme je da poslušamo.

It's time to leap.

Vrijeme je da skočimo.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)