Dean Kamen: The emotion behind invention

Dean Kamen: La emoción tras la invención

Traductor: John Walker Revisor: Fernando de la Cruz Naranjo Grisales

It's not about technology,

No se trata de tecnología.

it's about people and stories.

Se trata de personas e historias.

I could show you

Yo podría mostrarles

what recently was on television

lo que recientemente estuvo en televisión

as a high quality video:

como video de alta calidad

60 Minutes, many of you may have seen it.

60 Minutos, muchos de ustedes lo han visto.

And it was the now director of the entire piece

Y fue el actual director del grupo completo

of the veteran's administration --

de la administración de veteranos

who, himself, had lost an arm 39 years ago

quien, él mismo, perdió un brazo hace 39 años

in Vietnam --

en Vietnam,

who was adamantly opposed to these crazy devices

quien estaba firmemente opuesto a estos locos dispositivos

that don't work.

que no funcionan.

And it turns out that with 60 Minutes cameras rolling in the background,

Y resulta que con las cámaras de 60 Minutos grabando en el fondo

after he pretty much made his position clear on this --

después de que dejó muy clara su posición al respecto,

he had his hook and he had his --

tenia su gancho y tenia su --

he wore this arm for less than two hours

Él uso este brazo por menos de dos horas

and was able to pour himself a drink and got quite emotional over the fact

y fue capaz de servirse una bebida y se emocionó bastante del hecho

that, quote -- his quote --

que, citándose a sí mismo,

it's the first time he's felt like he's had an arm in 39 years.

esta es la primera vez que sentía tener un brazo en 39 años.

But that would sort of be jumping to the middle of the story,

Pero eso seria dar un salto a la mitad de la historia.

and I'm not going to show you that polished video.

Y no voy a mostrarles ese video pulido.

I'm going to, instead, in a minute or two,

Voy, a cambio, en un minuto o dos

show you an early, crude video

a mostrarles un video anticipado, tosco,

because I think it's

porque pienso que es

a better way to tell a story.

una mejor manera de contar una historia.

A few years ago I was visited by

Hace unos pocos años atrás fui visitado por

the guy that runs DARPA,

la persona que administra DARPA,

the people that fund all the advanced technologies

el grupo que financia todas las tecnologías avanzadas

that businesses and universities probably wouldn't take the risk of doing.

que las empresas y universidades probablemente no tomarían el riesgo de hacer.

They have a particular interest in ones that will help our soldiers.

Ellos tienen un interés particular en aquellas que ayudarán a nuestros soldados.

I get this sort of unrequested -- by me anyway -- visit,

Recibo esta inesperada, al menos por mi, visita.

and sitting in my conference room is a very senior surgeon

Y sentado en mi sala de conferencias está un cirujano de muy alto rango

from the military

del ejército

and the guy that runs DARPA.

y el señor que administra DARPA.

They proceed to tell me a story which comes down

Me vienen a contar una historia que que se resume

to basically the following. We have used such advanced technologies

básicamente en lo siguiente, hemos usado estas tecnologías avanzadas

now and made them available

ahora, y las tenemos disponibles

in the most remote places that we put soldiers:

en los lugares mas remotos en que ponemos los soldados,

hills of Afghanistan, Iraq ...

cerros de Afganistán, Iraq.

They were quite proud of the fact that

Estaban muy orgullosos del hecho que

you know, before the dust clears,

tu sabes, antes de que el polvo se asiente

if some soldier has been hurt

si algún soldado ha sido herido,

they will have collected him or her, they will have brought him back,

ellos ya lo habrán recogido, a él o ella, lo habrán traído de regreso.

they will be getting world-class triage emergency care

Ellos estarán obteniendo cuidado de emergencia de clase mundial

faster than you and I would be getting it if we were hurt

mas rápido de lo que usted o yo estaríamos recibiendo si fuésemos heridos

in a car accident in a major city in the United States.

en un accidente de auto en una de las grandes ciudades de Estados Unidos.

That's the good news.

Estas son las buenas noticias.

The bad news is if they've collected this person

La mala noticia, es que han recogido a esta persona

and he or she is missing an arm or leg,

y a el o ella les falta un brazo o una pierna,

part of the face, it's probably not coming back.

parte de la cara, probablemente no regresara.

So, they started giving me the statistics on how many of these kids had lost an arm.

Así que me dan las estadísticas de cuantos de estos chicos han perdido un brazo.

And then the surgeon pointed out, with a lot of anger,

Y luego el cirujano señaló, con mucho enojo,

he said, "Why is it? At the end of the Civil War,

dijo, "Por qué sucede que al final de la Guerra Civil

they were shooting each other with muskets. If somebody lost an arm,

se estaban disparando con mosquetes, y si alguien perdía un brazo

we gave them a wooden stick with a hook on it.

le dábamos un palo de madera con un gancho en él.

Now we've got F18s and F22s,

Ahora, tenemos F18s y F22s,

and if somebody loses an arm,

y si alguien pierde un brazo

we give them a plastic stick with a hook on it."

le damos una vara de plastico con un gancho."

And they basically said, "This is unacceptable,"

Y básicamente dijeron que esto es inaceptable.

and then the punchline: "So, Dean,

Y luego remato, "Entonces, Dean,

we're here because you make medical stuff.

estamos aquí porque haces cosas medicas.

You're going to give us an arm."

Nos vas a dar un brazo.

And I was waiting for the 500 pages of bureaucracy,

Y yo estaba esperando por 500 páginas de burocracia

paperwork and DODs.

y papeles y clausulas de seguridad.

No, the guy says,

No, el tipo dice,

"We're going to bring a guy into this conference room,

"Vamos a traer un hombre a esta sala de conferencias

and wearing the arm you're going to give us,

y usando el brazo que nos vas a dar

he or she is going to pick up a raisin or a grape

el o ella levantará una pasa o una uva

off this table.

de esta mesa.

If it's the grape, they won't break it."

Si es la uva, no la romperán."

Great he needs efferent, afferent, haptic response sensors.

Excelente necesita sensores de respuesta eferente, aferente y de tacto."

"If it's the raisin, they won't drop it."

"Si es la pasa, no se les caerá."

So he wants fine motor control: flex at the wrist,

Así que, quiere control motriz fino, flexión en la muñeca,

flex at the elbow, abduct and flex at the shoulder.

flexión en el codo, giro y flexión en el hombro.

Either way they were going to eat it.

De cualquier manera se lo iban a comer.

"Oh, by the way Dean. It's going to fit on a 50th percentile female frame --

"Ah, por cierto Dean, le debe quedar a un marco femenino medio,

namely 32 inches from the long finger --

a saber 81 cm del dedo largo,

and weigh less than nine pounds."

y pesar menos de 4 kg.

50th percentile female frame.

50avo por ciento de marco femenino.

"And it's going to be completely self contained including all its power."

Y va a ser totalmente independiente incluyendo su propia energía."

So, they finished that. And I, as you can tell,

Así que, terminaron eso. Y yo, como notaras,

am a bashful guy.

soy del tipo timido.

I told them they're nuts.

Les dije que estaban locos.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

They've been watching too much "Terminator."

Han estado viendo demasiado Terminator.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

Then, the surgeon says to me,

Luego el cirujano me dice,

"Dean, you need to know

"Dean, necesitas saber

more than two dozen of these kids have come back

más de dos docenas de estos chicos han regresado

bilateral."

bilaterales."

Now, I cannot imagine --

Ahora, no puedo imaginar,

I'm sorry, you may have a better

Disculpa, quizás tengas mejor

imagination than I do --

imaginación que yo.

I can't imagine losing my arm,

No puedo imaginar perder mi brazo,

and typically at 22 years old.

y típicamente a los 22 años.

But compared to that, losing two?

Comparado con eso, perder dos,

Seems like that would be an inconvenience.

me parece que sería inconveniente.

Anyway, I went home that night. I thought about it.

De cualquier manera, regresé a casa esa noche y pensé acerca de ello.

I literally could not sleep

Literalmente no pude dormir,

thinking about, "I wonder how you'd roll over

pensando, me pregunto como te darías la vuelta

with no shoulders."

sin hombros.

So, I decided we've got to do this.

Así que, decidí que tenemos que hacer esto.

And trust me, I've got a day job, I've got a lot of day jobs.

Y confía en mi tengo un empleo regular, tengo muchos empleos regulares.

Most of my day job keeps me busy

La mayor parte de mi trabajo regular me mantiene ocupado

funding my fantasies like FIRST and water and power ....

financiando mis fantasias como Primero y Agua y Energia.

And I've got a lot of day jobs.

Y tengo muchos trabajos regulares.

But I figured I gotta do this.

Pero pensé, "Tengo que hacer esto."

Did a little investigation,

Realicé un poco de investigación,

went down to Washington, told them

fui a Washington, les dije

I still think they're nuts but we're going to do it.

Sigo creyendo que están locos, pero lo vamos a hacer.

And I told them I'd build them an arm.

Y les dije que les construiría un brazo.

I told them it would probably take five years to get through the FDA,

Les dije que tomaría como 5 años que lo aprobara la FDA,

and probably 10 years to be reasonably functional.

y probablemente 10 años que fuera razonablemente funcional.

Look what it takes to make things like iPods.

Mira lo que toma hacer cosas como los Ipods.

"Great," he said, "You got two years."

"Excelente," dijo, "tienes dos años."

(Laughter)

(Risas)

I said, "I'll tell you what. I'll build you an arm

Y dije, "Te digo una cosa, Te construiré un brazo

that's under nine pounds

que pesa menos de 4 kilogramos,

that has all that capability in one year.

que tiene toda esa capacidad, en un año.

It will take the other nine to make it functional and useful."

Tomará los otros nueve hacerlo funcional y útil."

We sort of agreed to disagree.

Acordamos estar en desacuerdo.

I went back and I started putting a team together,

Regresé y empecé a formar el equipo,

the best guys I could find with a passion to do this.

los mejores que pude encontrar, con una pasión por hacer esto.

At the end of exactly one year

Y al final de exactamente un año

we had a device with 14 degrees of freedom,

teníamos un dispositivo con exactamente 14 grados de libertad.

all the sensors, all the microprocessors,

todos estos sensores y microprocesadores,

all the stuff inside.

todas las cosas adentro.

I could show you it with a cosmesis on it

Podría enseñártela con su cosmética

that's so real it's eerie, but then you wouldn't see

tan real que es inquietante, pero entonces no verías

all this cool stuff.

toda estas cosas interesantes.

I then thought it would be years

Luego pense que tomaria años

before we'd be able to make it really, really useful.

antes de que lo pudiésemos hacer realmente útil.

It turned out, as I think you could see

resulto, como creo podrás ver,

in Aimee's capabilities and attitudes,

en las capacidades y actitudes de Amy,

people with a desire to do something

las personas con deseos de lograr algo

are quite remarkable and nature is quite adaptable.

son muy capaces, la naturaleza es muy adaptable.

Anyway, with less than 10 hours of use,

De cualquier manera, con menos de 10 horas de uso,

two guys -- one that's bilateral.

dos personas, uno que es bilateral,

He's literally, he's got no shoulder on one side,

literalmente, no tiene hombro en un lado,

and he's high trans-humeral on the other.

y lo tiene alto trans-humeral en el otro.

And that's Chuck and Randy together,

Y ese es Chuck y Randy juntos,

after 10 hours -- were playing in our office.

después de 10 horas estaban jugando en nuestra oficina.

And we took some pretty cruddy home movies.

Hicimos unas filmaciones muy caseras.

At the end of the one I'm going to show, it's only about a minute

Y al final de la que voy a mostrar, solo es un minuto

and a couple of seconds long,

y un par de segundos de longitud,

Chuck does something that to this day I'm jealous of,

Chuck hace algo que hasta este día me da envidia,

I can't do it.

Yo no puedo hacerlo.

He picks up a spoon, picks it up,

Recoje una cuchara, la levanta,

scoops out some Shredded Wheat and milk,

toma unas tiras de maíz con leche,

holds the spoon level

mantiene su cuchara a nivel,

as he translates it, moving all these joints simultaneously,

al trasladarla, moviendo todas estas partes simultáneamente,

to his mouth, and he doesn't drop any milk.

hasta su boca, no riega una gota de leche.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

I cannot do that.

Yo no puedo hacer eso.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

His wife was standing behind me.

Su esposa estaba detrás mio.

She's standing behind me at the time

Esta parada atrás de mi en ese momento

and she says, "Dean,

y dice, "Dean,

Chuck hasn't fed himself in 19 years.

Chuck no se ha alimentado a si mismo en 19 años.

So, you've got a choice:

Asi que, tienes una opción:

We keep the arm, or you keep Chuck."

nos quedamos con el brazo o te quedas con Chuck."

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Risas)

So, can we see that?

Así que, podemos ver eso?

This is Chuck showing simultaneous control

Esto es Chuck mostrando control simultáneo

of all the joints.

de todas las articulaciones.

He's punching our controls guy. The guy behind him

Esta golpeando nuestra persona de controles. La persona detrás de él

is our engineer/surgeon,

es nuestro ingeniero/cirujano.

which is a convenient guy to have around.

Que es una persona conveniente de tener cerca.

There's Randy, these guys are passing a rubber

Ahi esta Randy, ellos se están pasando un

little puck between them.

pequeño disco de hule entre ellos.

And just as in the spirit of FIRST,

Y en el espíritu del primero,

gracious professionalism, they are quite proud of this,

profesionalismo gentil, están muy orgullosos de esto,

so they decide to share a drink.

así que deciden compartir una bebida.

This is a non-trivial thing to do, by the way.

Esto no es trivial, por cierto.

Imagine doing that with a wooden stick and a hook on the end of it,

Imagina hacer eso con un palo de madera con un gancho al final,

doing either of those.

haciendo cualquiera de esas cosas.

Now Chuck is doing something quite extraordinary,

Ahora Chuck esta haciendo algo bastante extraordinario,

at least for my limited physical skill.

al menos para mi limitada capacidad física.

And now he's going to do what DARPA asked me for.

Ahora va a hacer lo que DARPA me pidió,

He's going to pick up a grape -- he didn't drop it,

Va a recoger una uva, no se le cayo,

he didn't break it --

no la rompió.

and he's going to eat it.

Y se la va a comer.

So, that's where we were

Así que ahí es donde estábamos

at the end of about 15 months.

al final de aproximadamente 15 meses.

(Applause)

(Aplausos)

But, as I've learned from Richard,

Pero, como he aprendido de Richard,

the technology, the processors, the sensors, the motors,

la tecnología, los procesadores, los sensores, los motores,

is not the story.

no son la historia.

I hadn't dealt with this kind of problem

No había tratado con este tipo de problema

or frankly, this whole segment

o francamente, este segmento completo

of the medical world.

del mundo medico.

I'll give you some astounding things that have happened

Te voy a decir unas cosas sorprendentes que han sucedido

as we started this.

cuando comenzamos esto.

After we were pretty much convinced we had a good design,

Después de que nos convencimos de tener un diseño bueno,

and we'd have to make all the standard engineering trade-offs you always make --

y teníamos que hacer todos las compensaciones ingenieriles que tienes que hacer,

you can always get three out of four of anything you want;

siempre puedes obtener 3 de cada 4 cosas que quieres,

the weight, the size, the cost, the functionality --

el peso, el tamaño, el costo, la funcionalidad,

I put a bunch of guys in my plane

Puse a varias personas en mi avión,

and I said, "We're flying down to Walter Reed, and we're going talk to these kids,

y dije, volaremos a Walter Reed, y vamos a hablas con estos muchachos,

because frankly it doesn't matter whether we like this arm.

Porque francamente, no importa si nos gusta este brazo.

It doesn't matter whether the

No importa si

Department of Defense likes this arm."

al Departamento de Defensa le gusta este brazo.

When I told them that they weren't entirely enthusiastic,

Cuando les dije eso no estaban particularmente entusiasmados.

but I told them, "It really doesn't matter what their opinion is.

Pero les dije, realmente no importa cual sea su opinión.

There is only one opinion that matters,

Solo hay una opinión que importa,

the kids that are either going to use it or not."

la de los chicos que la van a usar o no.

I told a bunch of my engineers, "Look we're going to walk into Walter Reed,

Le dije a un grupo de mis ingenieros, "Miren, vamos a entrar a Walter Reed,

and you're going to see people, lots of them,

y vas a ver a personas, muchas de ellas,

missing major body parts.

que les faltan muchas partes del cuerpo.

They're probably going to be angry, depressed, frustrated.

Y probablemente estén enojados, deprimidos, frustrados.

We're probably going to have to give them support, encouragement.

Probablemente vamos a tener que darles apoyo y alentarlos,

But we've got to extract from them

pero tenemos que extraer de ellos

enough information to make sure we're doing the right thing."

suficiente información para estar seguros que hacemos lo correcto.

We walked into Walter Reed and I could not have been more wrong.

Entramos a Walter Reed y no pude haber estado más equivocado.

We did see a bunch of people,

Vimos a muchas personas,

a lot of them missing a lot of body parts,

a varias de ellas, les faltaba partes del cuerpo,

and parts they had left were burned;

y partes que les quedaban quemadas,

half a face gone, an ear burned off.

Faltaba media cara, una oreja incinerada.

They were sitting at a table. They were brought together for us.

Estaban a la mesa, fueron reunidos para nosotros.

And we started asking them all questions.

Y comenzamos a hacerles preguntas a todos.

"Look," I'd say to them, "We're not quite as good as nature yet.

"Miren," les decía, "No somos tan buenos como la naturaleza aun.

I could give you fine motor control,

Podría darles control motriz fino,

or I could let you curl 40 pounds;

o podría permitirte levantar 20 kilogramos,

I probably can't do both.

Probablemente no pueda hacer ambas.

I can give you fast control

Puedo darte control veloz

with low reduction ratios in these gears,

con ratio de baja reducción en los engranes,

or I can give you power;

o puedo darte poder,

I can't give you both.

no puedo darte ambos.

And we were trying to get them to all help us

Y estábamos tratando de que todos nos ayudaran

know what to give them.

para saber que darles.

Not only were they enthusiastic, they kept thinking

No solo estaban entusiasmados, seguían pensando que ellos

they're there to help us.

estaban ahí para ayudarnos a nosotros.

"Well, would it help if I ..."

"Bueno, ayudaría si yo --"

"Guys, and woman,

Hombres, y una mujer,

you've given enough.

han dado suficiente.

We're here to help you. We need data. We need to know

Estamos aquí para ayudarles a ustedes. Necesitamos datos. Necesitamos saber

what you need."

que necesitan.

After a half an hour, maybe, there was one guy at the far end of the table

Después de media hora, quizá, había un hombre al final de la mesa

who wasn't saying much.

que no decía mucho.

You could see he was missing an arm.

Podías ver que le faltaba un brazo.

He was leaning on his other arm.

Estaba recargado en su otro brazo.

I called down to the end, "Hey, you haven't said much.

Le hable al del fondo,"Oye, no has dicho mucho,

If we needed this or this, what would you want?"

si necesitáramos esto o el otro que quisieras?"

And he said, "You know,

Y dijo, "Sabes...

I'm the lucky guy at this table.

Yo soy el suertudo de esta mesa.

I lost my right arm,

Yo perdí mi brazo derecho,

but I'm a lefty."

pero soy zurdo."

(Laughter)

(Risas)

So, he wouldn't say much.

Así que, no decía mucho.

He had a great spirit, like all the rest of them had great spirits.

Tenia un gran espíritu, como el resto de ellos tenían gran espíritu.

And he made a few comments.

E hizo algunos comentarios.

And then the meeting ended. We said goodbye to all these guys.

Y la reunión termino.

And that guy pushed himself back from the table ...

Y el hombre se alejó de la mesa,

he has no legs.

no tenía piernas.

So, we left.

Así que, nos fuimos.

And I was thinking,

Y me quede pensando

"We didn't give them support and encouragement;

no les dimos apoyo ni aliento,

they gave it to us.

ellos nos lo dieron a nosotros.

They're not finished giving yet."

Ellos no han finalizado en dárnoslo.

It was astounding.

Era sorprendente.

So, we went back.

Así que, regresamos.

And I started working harder, faster.

Y comencé a trabajar mas duro, mas rápido.

Then we went out to Brooke Army Medical Center.

Luego fuimos a Brooke Army Medical Center.

And we saw lots of these kids, lots of them.

Y vimos a muchos de estos jóvenes, muchos de ellos.

And it was astounding

Y era sorprendente

how positive they are.

que tan positivos eran.

So, we went back,

Así que, regresamos.

and we've been working harder yet.

Y hemos estado trabajando aun más duro.

We're in clinical trials,

Estamos en pruebas clinicas,

we've got five of them on people.

y se los hemos puesto a 5 personas.

We're screaming along.

Vamos dando alaridos en el camino.

And I get a call and we go back

Me llaman y regresamos

to Washington.

a Washington.

We go back to Walter Reed,

Regresamos a Walter Reed

and a kid, literally,

Y un chico, literalmente

20 some-odd days before that

unos veinte días antes de eso

was blown up.

fue estallado.

And they shipped him to Germany

Y lo enviaron a Alemania

and 24 hours later they shipped him from Germany

y 2 horas después lo enviaron de Alemania

to Walter Reed.

a Walter Reed.

And he was there,

Y estaba ahí.

and they said we needed to come.

Y nos dijeron que teníamos que venir.

And I went down

Y fui,

and they rolled him into a room.

Y lo llevaron a una habitación,

He's got no legs.

No tiene piernas.

He's got no arms.

No tiene brazos.

He's got a small residual limb on one side.

Tiene una extremidad pequeña residual en un costado,

Half of his face is gone,

Le falta media cara,

but they said his vision is coming back.

pero dijeron que esta recuperando la vista.

He had one good eye.

Tenia un buen ojo.

His name is Brandon Marrocco.

Se llama Brandon Morroco.

And he said,

Y dijo,

"I need your arms,

"Necesito tus brazos,

but I need two of them."

Pero necesito dos."

"You'll get them."

Los tendrás.

This kid was from Staten Island.

Este chico era de Staten Island.

And he said, "I had a truck,

Y dijo, "Yo tenia una camioneta,

before I went over there,

antes de ir para allá,

and it had a stick.

y tenia palanca de cambios.

You think I'll be able to drive it?"

crees que la pueda manejar?"

"Sure."

Por supuesto.

And I turned around and went, "How are we going to do this?"

Me di la vuelta y me fui, "Como vamos ha hacer esto?"

(Laughter)

(Risas)

Anyway, he was just like all the rest of them.

De cualquier manera, era como el resto de ellos.

He doesn't really want a lot.

Realmente no pide mucho.

He wants to help. He told me that

Quiere ayudar. El me dijo que

he wanted to go back

quiere regresar

to help his buddies.

a ayudar a sus amigos.

So, I was on my way out here.

Así que, estaba en camino para acá

I was asked to stop at Texas.

Y se me pidió que parara en Texas.

There were 3,500 people,

Habian 3500 personas,

the Veteran's Administration,

la Administracion de Veteranos,

U.S. ... just 3,500 at this huge event

E.U. tenía solo 3500 en este inmenso evento

to help the families

para ayudar a las familias

of all the kids --

de todos los jóvenes,

some that have died, some that are

unos que han muerto. otros que han,

like Brandon --

como Brandon,

and they wanted me to speak.

Y querían que hablara.

I said, "What am I going to say?

Y dije, "Que voy a decir?"

This is not a happy thing. Look, if this happens to you,

Esto no es algo feliz. Mira, si esto te sucede

I can give you ... This stuff is

yo puedo darte -- Estas cosas aún

still not as good at the original equipment."

no son tan buenas como el equipo original."

"You need to come."

"Necesitas venir."

So, I went.

Así que fui.

And, as I think you get the point,

Y, como imagino captas el punto,

there were a lot people there recovering.

habían muchas personas ahi recuperándose.

Some further along than others.

Unos más que otros.

But universally, these people that had been through this

Pero universalmente, personas que han pasado por esto

had astounding attitudes,

tenían actitudes sorprendentes.

and just the fact that people care

Y el simple hecho de que a alguien le importe

makes a huge difference to them.

significa mucho para ellos.

I'll shut up, except one message

Me callare, excepto por un mensaje...

or concern I have.

o preocupación que tengo.

I don't think anybody does it intentionally,

No creo que nadie lo hace intencionalmente,

but there were people there literally talking about,

Pero habían personas ahí literalmente, hablando de

"Well, how much will they get?"

pues, cuanto van a recibir?

You know, this country is involved as we've all heard,

Tu sabes, este país esta involucrado, como todos han escuchado,

in this great healthcare debate.

en este gran debate sobre el cuidado de la salud.

"Who is entitled to what?

Quien tiene derecho a que?

Who is entitled to how much?

Quien tiene derecho a cuanto?

Who is going to pay for it?"

Quien lo va a pagar?

Those are tough questions.

Eso son preguntas difíciles.

I don't have an answer to that. Not everybody

No tengo la respuesta para eso. No todos

can be entitled to everything simply because you were born here.

pueden tener derecho a todo simplemente por nacer aquí.

It's not possible. It would be nice

No es posible. Seria agradable

but let's be realistic.

Pero seamos realistas.

They were tough questions. There's polarized groups down there.

Son preguntas difíciles. Hay grupos muy polarizados por ahí.

I don't know the answers.

No tengo las respuestas.

There are other questions that are tough.

Hay otras cuestiones difíciles.

"Should we be there?

Deberíamos estar ahí?

How do we get out?

Como nos salimos?

What do we need to do?" There's very polarized

Que necesitamos hacer? Existen muy polarizadas

answers to that question too,

respuestas a esa pregunta también.

and I don't have any answers to that.

Y no tengo ninguna respuesta para eso.

Those are political questions, economic questions,

Esas son cuestiones políticas y económicas,

strategic questions.

preguntas estratégicas.

I don't have the answer. But let me give you a simple

No tengo la respuesta. Pero déjame darte una simple

concern or maybe statement, then.

preocupación o quizá una afirmación, entonces.

It is an easy answer.

Es fácil de contestar.

I know what these kids deserve

Yo se lo que estos jóvenes merecen

on the healthcare side.

por parte del sistema de salud.

I was talking to one of them,

Estaba hablando con uno de ellos,

and he was really liking this arm --

y le estaba gustando mucho este brazo,

it's way, way, way better than a plastic

is mucho mejor que un palo de plástico

stick with a hook on it --

con un gancho.

but there's nobody in this room that would rather have that

Pero no hay nadie en este cuarto que prefiera tener eso

than the one you got.

que la que tienen ahora.

But I was saying to him, "You know,

Pero le estaba diciendo, "Sabes,

the first airplane

el primer avion

went 100 feet in 1903.

voló 30 metros en 1903.

Wilbur and Orville.

Wilber y Orville.

But you know what? It wouldn't have made an old pigeon jealous.

Pero no le daría celos a una vieja paloma.

But now we got Eagles out there,

Pero ahora tenemos águilas allí afuera,

F15s, even that Bald Eagle.

F15s, y la Águila Calva.

I've never seen a bird flying around at Mach 2.

Nunca he visto un pájaro volar a Mach II.

I think eventually we'll make these things extraordinary."

Creo que finalmente haremos estas cosas extraordinarias."

And I said to that kid,

Y como le dije al joven,

"I'll stop when your buddies

"Me detendré cuando tus amigos

are envious of your Luke arm

le tengan envidia a tu brazo de Luke (Ref. Imperio Contra Ataca)

because of what it can do, and how it does it.

por lo que puede hacer, y como lo hace.

And we'll keep working. And I'm not going to stop working

Y seguiré trabajando. Y no voy a dejar de trabajar

until we do that."

hasta que logremos eso."

And I think this country

Y creo que este país.

ought to continue its great debate,

debería continuar su gran debate.

whining and complaining, "I'm entitled." "You're a victim."

quejándose y lloriqueando, "Es mi derecho." "Eres una victima."

And whining and complaining about what our foreign policy ought to be.

Y lloriqueando y quejándose del lo que debe ser nuestra política externa.

But while we have the luxury of whining and complaining about

Pero mientras tengamos el lujo de lloriquear y quejarnos

who's paying for what and how much we get,

de quien paga que, y cuanto nos toca,

the people that are out there

las personas que están allá afuera

giving us that great privilege of whining and complaining,

dándonos ese gran privilegio de lloriquear y quejarnos,

I know what they deserve:

Yo se que ellos merecen,

everything humanly possible.

todo lo humanamente posible.

And we ought to give it to them.

Y se los debemos dar.

(Applause)

(Aplausos)