Why bees hold the key to our future | Noah Wilson-Rich

63,576 views ใƒป 2019-04-10

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: El Houcine AIT MHAND ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Fatima Zahra El Hafa
00:12
Pollinator decline is a grand challenge in the modern world.
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ูŠุดูƒู„ ุชุถุงุคู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ู‘ูุญุงุช ุชุญุฏูŠุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ.
00:16
Of the 200,000 species of pollinators,
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ู…ู† ุจูŠู† 200.000 ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุญุงุชุŒ
00:19
honeybees are the most well-understood,
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ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุนุณู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูู‡ู…ุงู‹ ูˆูˆุถูˆุญุงู‹ุŒ
00:22
partly because of our long history with them dating back 8,000 years ago
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎู†ุง ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ู…ุนู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ 8.000 ุณู†ุฉ
00:26
to our cave drawings in what is now modern-day Spain.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู ููŠู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ.
ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ู‚ุฑุถ.
00:30
And yet we know that this indicator species is dying off.
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00:34
Last year alone, we lost 40 percent of all beehives in the United States.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูู‚ุทุŒ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง 40 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
00:39
That number is even higher in areas with harsh winters,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุณุŒ
00:42
like here in Massachusetts,
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ู…ุซู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุงุณุงุชุดูˆุณุชุณุŒ
00:43
where we lost 47 percent of beehives
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ุญูŠุซ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง 47 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„
00:46
in one year alone.
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ููŠ ุนุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท.
00:48
Can you imagine if we lost half of our people last year?
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู ุณูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŸ
00:52
And if those were the food-producing people?
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุกุŸ
00:55
It's untenable.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุทุงู‚.
00:57
And I predict that in 10 years,
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ูˆุชูˆู‚ุนุช ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
01:00
we will lose our bees.
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ุณู†ูู‚ุฏ ู†ุญู„ู†ุง.
01:04
If not for the work of beekeepers replacing these dead beehives,
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ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠู‚ู… ุงู„ู†ุญุงู„ูˆู† ุจุชุนูˆูŠุถ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
01:08
we would be without foods that we rely upon:
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ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง:
01:11
fruits, vegetables,
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ููˆุงูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆุฎุถุฑุŒ
01:13
crunchy almonds and nuts,
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ูˆู„ูˆุฒ ูˆุฌูˆุฒ ู…ู‚ุฑู…ุดูŠู†ุŒ
01:15
tart apples,
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ูˆูุทุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุชูุงุญุŒ
01:16
sour lemons.
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ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถ.
01:18
Even the food that our cattle rely upon to eat, hay and alfalfa -- gone,
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุชุงุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุทูŠุนู†ุง (ุงู„ุชุจู† ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุณูŠู…) ุณูŠุฎุชููŠุŒ
01:24
causing global hunger,
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ู…ู…ุง ุณูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงุนุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
01:26
economic collapse,
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ูˆุงู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุŒ
01:27
a total moral crisis across earth.
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ูˆุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:31
Now, I first started keeping bees here in Cape Cod
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ "ูƒูŠุจ ูƒูˆุฏ"
01:34
right after I finished my doctorate in honeybee immunology.
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ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
01:37
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
01:40
(Applause)
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01:45
Imagine getting such a degree in a good economy --
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุธู„ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุฌูŠุฏ!
01:49
and it was 2009:
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ 2009:
01:52
the Great Recession.
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"ุงู„ูƒุณุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ".
01:54
And I was onto something.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุชุงุญ ู…ู‡ู….
01:56
I knew that I could find out how to improve bee health.
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ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
01:59
And so the community on Cape Cod here in Provincetown
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู…ุฌุชู…ุน "ูƒูŠุจ ูƒูˆุฏ" ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ "ุจุฑูˆููŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู†"
02:03
was ripe for citizen science,
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู‡ูŠุฆุงู‹ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒูŠุŒ
02:04
people looking for ways to get involved and to help.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ุทุฑู‚ ู„ู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
02:07
And so we met with people in coffee shops.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู‡ูŠ.
02:10
A wonderful woman named Natalie got eight beehives at her home in Truro,
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ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู†ุงุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ุญู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ "ุชุฑูˆุฑูˆ"ุŒ
02:13
and she introduced us to her friend Valerie,
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ูˆู‚ุฏู…ุชู†ุง ู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ูุงู„ูŠุฑูŠุŒ
02:15
who let us set up 60 beehives at an abandoned tennis court on her property.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู…ุญุช ู„ู†ุง ุจุฅู†ุฒุงู„ 60 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุญู„ ููŠ ู…ู„ุนุจ ุชู†ุณ ู…ู‡ุฌูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถู‡ุง.
02:21
And so we started testing vaccines for bees.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุฌุฑุจ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
02:25
We were starting to look at probiotics.
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ.
02:27
We called it "bee yogurt" --
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ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง "ูŠูˆุบูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู†ุญู„"...
02:29
ways to make bees healthier.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุฑู‚ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
02:31
And our citizen science project started to take off.
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ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ุงุน.
02:35
Meanwhile, back in my apartment here,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุซู†ุงุกุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู‚ุชูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
02:38
I was a bit nervous about my landlord.
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ุชู…ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑ.
02:40
I figured I should tell him what we were doing.
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ููƒุฑุช ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ ุจู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:44
I was terrified; I really thought I was going to get an eviction notice,
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ูƒู†ุช ุฎุงุฆูุงู‹ุ› ููƒุฑุช ุญู‚ุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฅุดุนุงุฑุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุทุฑุฏุŒ
02:47
which really was the last thing we needed, right?
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠุก ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุŒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŸ
02:50
I must have caught him on a good day, though,
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุจุฏ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุฌูŠุฏุŒ
02:52
because when I told him what we were doing
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุดุนุฑุชู‡ ุจู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡
02:54
and how we started our nonprofit urban beekeeping laboratory,
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ูˆูƒูŠู ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ูุนูŠ ู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ุŒ
02:57
he said, "That's great! Let's get a beehive in the back alley."
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ู‚ุงู„: "ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน! ู„ู†ุถุน ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุญู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ."
03:01
I was shocked.
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ุตูุฏู…ุช.
03:02
I was completely surprised.
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ุดุนุฑุช ุจุงู„ุฐู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู….
03:04
I mean, instead of getting an eviction notice,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุนูˆุถ ุฃู† ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดุนุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุทุฑุฏุŒ
03:06
we got another data point.
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ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
03:08
And in the back alley of this image,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
03:10
what you see here, this hidden beehive --
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ู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎููŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡...
03:13
that beehive produced more honey that first year
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ุฃู†ุชุฌุช ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุนุณู„ุงู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
03:15
than we have ever experienced in any beehive we had managed.
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ู…ู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุดุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
03:19
It shifted our research perspective forever.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุบูŠุฑุช ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุจุฏ.
03:21
It changed our research question away from "How do we save the dead and dying bees?"
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ู„ุช ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ู…ู† "ูƒูŠู ู†ู†ู‚ุฐ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชุถุฑุŸ"
03:26
to "Where are bees doing best?"
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ุฅู„ู‰ "ุฃูŠู† ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุŸ"
03:29
And we started to be able to put maps together,
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ูˆู†ุฌุญู†ุง ููŠ ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุทุŒ
03:31
looking at all of these citizen science beehives
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒูŠ
03:34
from people who had beehives at home decks,
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ู…ู† ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ุญู„ ููˆู‚ ุณุทูˆุญ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
03:36
gardens, business rooftops.
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ูˆุญุฏุงุฆู‚ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุณุทูˆุญ ุดุฑูƒุงุชู‡ู….
03:38
We started to engage the public,
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ุดุฑุนู†ุง ููŠ ุฅุดุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ุŒ
03:40
and the more people who got these little data points,
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ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ุงุฒุฏุงุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
03:43
the more accurate our maps became.
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ุฎุฑุงุฆุทู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฏู‚ุฉ.
03:44
And so when you're sitting here thinking, "How can I get involved?"
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุชููƒุฑ: "ูƒูŠู ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุดุงุฑูƒุŸ"
03:47
you might think about a story of my friend Fred,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ูุฑูŠุฏุŒ
03:50
who's a commercial real estate developer.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุทูˆุฑ ุนู‚ุงุฑุงุช ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ.
03:52
He was thinking the same thing.
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ูƒุงู† ูŠููƒุฑ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
03:54
He was at a meeting,
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ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุŒ
03:55
thinking about what he could do for tenant relations
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠููƒุฑ ุจู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
03:58
and sustainability at scale.
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ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน.
04:00
And while he was having a tea break,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงุญุฉ ุดุงูŠุŒ
04:01
he put honey into his tea and noticed on the honey jar
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ุฎู„ุท ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุจุงู„ุนุณู„ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุนุณู„
04:05
a message about corporate sustainability from the host company of that meeting.
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ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถูŠูุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน.
04:08
And it sparked an idea.
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ูˆุฃู„ู‡ู…ุช ููƒุฑุฉู‹.
04:10
He came back to his office.
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ุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจู‡.
04:12
An email, a phone call later, and -- boom! --
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ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุŒ ุซู… ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉุŒ ูˆุญุฏุซุช ุทูุฑุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ!
04:15
we went national together.
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ุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‹ ู†ุดุงุทู†ุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุทู†.
04:18
We put dozens of beehives on the rooftops of their skyscrapers
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ุฃู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ุนุดุฑุงุช ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทูˆุญ ู†ุงุทุญุงุช ุงู„ุณุญุงุจ ููŠ ู…ุฏู†ู‡ู…
04:21
across nine cities nationwide.
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ููŠ ุชุณุน ู…ุฏู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุทู†.
04:24
Nine years later --
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ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช...
04:25
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
04:31
Nine years later, we have raised over a million dollars for bee research.
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ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
04:36
We have a thousand beehives as little data points across the country,
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ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุขู„ุงู ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ
04:41
18 states and counting,
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18 ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุŒ
04:43
where we have created paying jobs for local beekeepers, 65 of them,
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ุญูŠุซ ุฎู„ู‚ู†ุง ูุฑุต ุนู…ู„ ุจุฃุฌุฑ ู„ู„ู†ุญุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ 65 ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ
04:47
to manage beehives in their own communities,
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ู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ
04:50
to connect with people, everyday people,
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ูˆู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูˆู†ุŒ
04:53
who are now data points together making a difference.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุดูƒู„ูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆูŠุญุฏุซูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚.
04:57
So in order to explain what's actually been saving bees,
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู…ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุฐ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ุŒ
05:00
where they're thriving,
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ูˆุฃูŠู† ูŠุฒุฏู‡ุฑุŒ
05:01
I need to first tell you what's been killing them.
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ู„ุง ุจุฏ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูƒู… ุนู…ุง ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡.
ุฃู‡ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุชูุชูƒ ุจุงู„ู†ุญู„:
05:04
The top three killers of bees
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05:06
are agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides;
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุขูุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนุดุงุจ ูˆุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุ›
05:09
diseases of bees, of which there are many;
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ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุ›
05:12
and habitat loss.
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ูˆูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฆู„.
05:13
So what we did is we looked on our maps
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุฎุฑุงุฆุทู†ุง
05:15
and we identified areas where bees were thriving.
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ูˆุญุฏุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ูŠุฒุฏู‡ุฑ.
05:18
This was mostly in cities, we found.
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ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุญุฏุซุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†.
ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนุณู„ุงู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
05:21
Data are now showing that urban beehives produce more honey
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05:24
than rural beehives and suburban beehives.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฑูŠููŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠ.
05:26
Urban beehives have a longer life span than rural and suburban beehives,
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ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠุฉ ุชุชู…ุชุน ุจุนู…ุฑ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠู ูˆุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠุŒ
05:31
and bees in the city are more biodiverse;
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ูˆูŠุชู…ุชุน ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุจุชู†ูˆุน ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑุ›
05:34
there are more bee species in urban areas.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู†ุญู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุถุฑ.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:38
Right?
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ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŸ
05:39
Why is this?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
05:41
That was our question.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุณุคุงู„ู†ุง.
05:43
So we started with these three killers of bees,
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ุฅุฐู† ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ูุชูƒ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
ูˆู‚ู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ:
05:45
and we flipped it:
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05:46
Which of these is different in the cities?
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ุฃูŠู‘ูŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ุŸ
05:48
So the first one, pesticides.
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ุฅุฐู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูƒุงู† ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุขูุงุช.
05:50
We partnered up with the Harvard School of Public Health.
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ุนู‚ุฏู†ุง ุดุฑุงูƒุฉู‹ ู…ุน "ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูุงุฑุฏ ู„ู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ".
05:52
We shared our data with them.
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ุชู‚ุงุณู…ู†ุง ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชู†ุง ู…ุนู‡ู….
05:54
We collected samples from our citizen science beehives
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ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒูŠุฉ
ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุทูˆุญ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช.
05:57
at people's homes and business rooftops.
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05:58
We looked at pesticide levels.
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ูุญุตู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุขูุงุช.
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุญุณู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
06:00
We thought there would be less pesticides in areas where bees are doing better.
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ุชู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ.
06:04
That's not the case.
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06:05
So what we found here in our study is -- the orange bars are Boston,
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุซู„ ุจูˆุณุทู†ุŒ
06:09
and we thought those bars would be the lowest,
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ
06:11
there would be the lowest levels of pesticides.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุขูุงุช.
ููŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ู‹ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†.
06:14
And, in fact, there are the most pesticides in cities.
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06:18
So the pesticide hypothesis for what's saving bees --
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ุฅุฐู† ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุญูุธ ุงู„ู†ุญู„...
06:21
less pesticides in cities --
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ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†...
06:22
is not it.
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ู„ูŠุณุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.
06:24
And this is very typical of my life as a scientist.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ูƒุนุงู„ู….
06:28
Anytime I've had a hypothesis,
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠ ูุฑุถูŠุฉุŒ
06:30
not only is it not supported, but the opposite is true.
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ู„ุง ุชูƒุฒู† ูู‚ุท ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุนู…ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
06:33
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:34
Which is still an interesting finding, right?
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŸ
06:36
We moved on.
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ู…ุถูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹.
06:37
The disease hypothesis.
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ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ.
06:38
We looked at diseases all over our beehives.
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ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
06:41
And what we found in a similar study to this one with North Carolina State is:
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ูˆู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ "ู†ูˆุฑุซ ูƒุงุฑูˆู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ":
06:45
there's no difference between disease in bees
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุญู„
06:47
in urban, suburban and rural areas.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ูˆุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑูŠุงู.
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ูุ› ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆูŠู…ูˆุช.
06:49
Diseases are everywhere; bees are sick and dying.
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06:51
In fact, there were more diseases of bees in cities.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†.
06:54
This was from Raleigh, North Carolina.
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ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฑุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู†ูˆุฑุซ ูƒุงุฑูˆู„ุงูŠู†ุง.
06:56
So again, my hypothesis was not supported. The opposite was true.
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ู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ู…ุฏุนู…ุงู‹. ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูƒุงู† ุตุญูŠุญุงู‹.
07:00
We're moving on.
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ู…ุถูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹.
07:02
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:04
The habitat hypothesis.
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ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฆู„
07:06
This said that areas where bees are thriving have a better habitat --
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ู…ูุงุฏู‡ุง ุฃู† ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ุชุชู…ุชุน ุจู…ูˆุงุฆู„ ุฃูุถู„...
07:10
more flowers, right?
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ุจุฒู‡ูˆุฑู ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ
07:11
But we didn't know how to test this.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ู†ุฎุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง.
07:13
So I had a really interesting meeting.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ู…ู‡ู….
07:15
An idea sparked with my friend and colleague Anne Madden,
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ุฎุทุฑุช ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุขู† ู…ุงุฏู†ุŒ
07:18
fellow TED speaker.
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ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠ TED.
07:19
We thought about genomics, kind of like AncestryDNA or 23andMe.
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ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุฃูˆ 23andMe.
07:24
Have you done these?
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ู‡ู„ ุณุจู‚ ุฃู† ู‚ู…ุชู… ุจู‡ุฐุงุŸ
ุชุจุตู‚ ููŠ ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ูˆุชูƒุชุดู: "ุฃู†ุง ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠ!"
07:26
You spit in a tube and you find out, "I'm German!"
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07:28
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุนุณู„.
07:29
Well, we developed this for honey.
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07:31
So we have a sample of honey and we look at all the plant DNA,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุณู„ ูˆุจุญุซู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุชุŒ
07:35
and we find out, "I'm sumac!"
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ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง: "ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุณู…ุงู‚!"
(ุถุญูƒ)
07:37
(Laughter)
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07:38
And that's what we found here in Provincetown.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฑูˆููŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู†.
07:40
So for the first time ever, I'm able to report to you
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุจู„ุบูƒู…
07:43
what type of honey is from right here in our own community.
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ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ.
07:46
HoneyDNA, a genomics test.
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ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุนุณู„ุŒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู….
07:48
Spring honey in Provincetown is from privet.
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ุนุณู„ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ูุฑูˆููŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู†ุงุก.
07:51
What's privet? Hedges.
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู†ุงุกุŸ ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุงู„ุชุญูˆุท.
07:53
What's the message?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉุŸ
07:54
Don't trim your hedges to save the bees.
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ู„ุง ุชุดุฐุจูˆุง ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุงู„ุชุญูˆุท ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู†ุญู„.
07:57
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:58
I know we're getting crunchy and it's controversial,
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ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูุŒ
08:01
so before you throw your tomatoes,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุฑู…ูˆุง ุทู…ุงุทู…ูƒู…ุŒ
08:02
we'll move to the summer honey, which is water lily honey.
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ุณู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุณู„ ุงู„ุตูŠูุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุณู„ ุฒู†ุจู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
08:05
If you have honey from Provincetown right here in the summer,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุนุณู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุจุฑูˆููŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠูุŒ
08:08
you're eating water lily juice;
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ูุฃู†ุชู… ุชุดุฑุจูˆู† ุนุตูŠุฑ ุฒู†ุจู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุ›
08:10
in the fall, sumac honey.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠูุŒ ุนุณู„ ุงู„ุณู…ุงู‚.
08:12
We're learning about our food for the first time ever.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุทุนุงู…ู†ุง ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
08:15
And now we're able to report, if you need to do any city planning:
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุจู„ูŠุบุŒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ุฃูŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุญุถุฑูŠ:
08:19
What are good things to plant?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุณู† ุบุฑุณู‡ุŸ
08:21
What do we know the bees are going to that's good for your garden?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุชูƒุŸ
08:24
For the first time ever for any community, we now know this answer.
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ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ.
08:28
What's more interesting for us is deeper in the data.
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉู‹ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุชุฌุฐุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
08:31
So, if you're from the Caribbean and you want to explore your heritage,
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ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุจูŠ ูˆุฃุฑุฏุชู… ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ุซุฑุงุชูƒู…ุŒ
08:35
Bahamian honey is from the laurel family,
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ูุฅู† ุนุณู„ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุจู‡ุงู…ุง ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ุŒ
08:37
cinnamon and avocado flavors.
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ู†ูƒู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃููˆูƒุงุฏูˆ.
08:40
But what's more interesting is 85 different plant species
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉู‹ ู‡ูˆ 85 ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู†ุจุงู†ูŠุงู‹ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุงู‹
08:43
in one teaspoon of honey.
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ููŠ ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุดุงูŠ ุนุณู„.
08:45
That's the measure we want, the big data.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ: ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
08:47
Indian honey: that is oak.
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ุงู„ุนุณู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ: ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุท.
08:50
Every sample we've tested from India is oak,
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ูƒู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงุฎุชุจุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุทุŒ
08:53
and that's 172 different flavors in one taste of Indian honey.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ุซู„ 172 ู†ูƒู‡ุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุณู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ.
08:57
Provincetown honey goes from 116 plants in the spring
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ูŠุชู†ูˆุน ุนุณู„ ุจุฑูˆููŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู† ู…ู† 116 ู†ุจุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 200 ู†ุจุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู.
09:01
to over 200 plants in the summer.
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09:04
These are the numbers that we need to test the habitat hypothesis.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฆู„.
09:07
In another citizen science approach,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑุงู‹ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒูŠุŒ
09:09
you find out about your food and we get some interesting data.
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ุชูƒุชุดู ุทุนุงู…ูƒ ูˆู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ู‡ุงู…ุฉ.
09:12
We're finding out now that in rural areas,
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุดู ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑูŠุงูุŒ
09:14
there are 150 plants on average in a sample of honey.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 150 ู†ุจุชุฉู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนุณู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
09:18
That's a measure for rural.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฏุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฃุฑูŠุงู.
09:20
Suburban areas, what might you think?
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ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนุณุงูƒู… ุชุธู†ูˆู†ุŸ
09:22
Do they have less or more plants in suburban areas with lawns
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ู‡ู„ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฌ
09:26
that look nice for people but they're terrible for pollinators?
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ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู„ู‚ุญุงุชุŸ
09:30
Suburbs have very low plant diversity,
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ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠ ุจุชู†ูˆุน ู†ุจุงุชูŠ ุฌุฏ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุŒ
09:32
so if you have a beautiful lawn,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ู…ุฑุฌ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุŒ
09:34
good for you, but you can do more.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ.
09:37
You can have a patch of your lawn that's a wildflower meadow
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠู‚ุชูƒู… ู…ุฑุฌุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฃุฒู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ
09:40
to diversify your habitat,
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ู„ุชู†ูˆูŠุน ู…ูˆุฆู„ูƒู…ุŒ
09:42
to improve pollinator health.
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ูˆู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุญุงุช.
09:44
Anybody can do this.
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ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐุง.
09:46
Urban areas have the most habitat, best habitat,
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ุชู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุถุฑ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฆู„ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ
09:50
as you can see here: over 200 different plants.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง: ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 200 ู†ุจุชุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
09:53
We have, for the first time ever, support for the habitat hypothesis.
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ู†ุฏุนู…ุŒ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฆู„.
09:57
We also now know how we can work with cities.
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฏู†.
10:00
The City of Boston has eight times better habitat
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ุชู…ู„ูƒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจูˆุณุทู† ู…ูˆุงุฆู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุจุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช
10:03
than its nearby suburbs.
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ู…ู† ุถูˆุงุญูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ.
10:04
And so when we work with governments, we can scale this.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ู‡ุง.
ุฑุจู…ุง ุชููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‚ุจุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู…ู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉุŒ
10:08
You might think on my tombstone, it'll say,
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"ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุฑู‚ุฏ ู†ูˆุญ. ุงุฒุฑุน ุฒู‡ุฑุฉ." ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŸ
10:10
"Here lies Noah. Plant a flower." Right?
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10:12
I mean -- it's exhausting after all of this.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ...ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
10:16
But when we scale together,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ูˆุณุน ู†ุทุงู‚ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ
10:17
when we go to governments and city planners --
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุทุทูŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏู†...
ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุจูˆุณุทู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุนุณู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฒููˆู†ุŒ
10:20
like in Boston, the honey is mostly linden trees,
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10:22
and we say, "If a dead tree needs to be replaced, consider linden."
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ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„: "ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุดุฌุฑุฉ ู…ูŠุชุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ุŒ ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฒููˆู†."
10:25
When we take this information to governments, we can do amazing things.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
10:29
This is a rooftop from Fred's company.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณุทุญ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ูุฑูŠุฏ.
10:31
We can plant those things on top of rooftops worldwide
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุบุฑุณ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููˆู‚ ุณุทูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:34
to start restoring habitat and securing food systems.
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ู„ู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฆู„ ูˆุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ูุธู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ.
10:38
We've worked with the World Bank
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ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ
10:39
and the presidential delegation from the country of Haiti.
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ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ุจุนุซุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠุชูŠ.
10:42
We've worked with wonderful graduate students at Yale University and Ethiopia.
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ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง ู…ุน ุทู„ุจุฉ ู…ุชุฎุฑุฌูŠู† ุฑุงุฆุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠูŠู„ ูˆุฅุซูŠูˆุจูŠุงุŒ
10:46
In these countries, we can add value to their honey
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุซู…ู† ุนุณู„ู‡ู…
10:48
by identifying what it is,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุŒ
10:49
but informing the people of what to plant
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุบุฑุณู‡
10:51
to restore their habitat and secure their food systems.
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ู„ุฅุญูŠุงุก ู…ูˆุงุฆู„ู‡ู… ูˆุชุฃู…ูŠู† ู†ูุธู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ.
10:55
But what I think is even more important is when we think about natural disasters.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู‡ู… ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ูุญูŠู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุฑุซ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ
ูˆู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
10:59
For the first time,
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ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ู†ุญูˆุฒ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกู‹ ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุงู‹ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฆู„
11:00
we now know how we can have a baseline measure of any habitat
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11:03
before it might be destroyed.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ.
11:05
Think about your hometown.
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุณู‚ุท ุฑุฃุณูƒู….
11:06
What risks does the environment pose to it?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุถุฏู‡ุŸ
11:10
This is how we're going to save Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ู†ู‚ุฐ ุจู‡ุง ุจูˆุฑุชูˆุฑูŠูƒูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฅุนุตุงุฑ ู…ุงุฑูŠุง.
11:14
We now have a baseline measure of honey,
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠ ู„ู„ุนุณู„ุŒ
11:17
honey DNA from before and after the storm.
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ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุนุณู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนุงุตูุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง.
11:20
We started in Humacao.
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ูˆู…ุงูƒุงูˆ.
11:22
This is right where Hurricane Maria made landfall.
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ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุญูŠุซ ุญุฏุซ ุฅุนุตุงุฑ ู…ุงุฑูŠุง.
11:24
And we know what plants to replace and in what quantity and where
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ูˆู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชุณุชุจุฏู„ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุฃูŠู†
11:28
by triangulating honey DNA samples.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุซู„ูŠุซ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุนุณู„.
11:32
You might even think about right here,
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ู‚ุฏ ุชููƒุฑูˆู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจู‡ู†ุงุŒ
11:34
the beautiful land that connected us, that primed us,
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ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุนู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุนูุฏู†ุงุŒ
11:36
all the citizen science to begin with,
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฏุก ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒูŠุŒ
11:38
the erosion, the winter storms
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ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุงุตู ุงู„ุดุชูˆูŠุฉ
11:40
that are getting more violent every year.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุนุงู….
11:43
What are we going to do about this,
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตุŒ
11:45
our precious land?
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ุฃุฑุถู†ุง ุงู„ุซู…ูŠู†ุฉุŸ
11:46
Well, looking at honey DNA,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุนุณู„ุŒ
11:48
we can see what plants are good for pollinators that have deep roots,
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู„ุญ ู„ู„ู…ู„ู‚ุญุงุช ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
11:51
that can secure the land,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุคู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
11:53
and together, everybody can participate.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุดุงุฑูƒ ุณูˆูŠุฉู‹.
11:55
And the solution fits in a teaspoon.
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ูˆุงู„ุญู„ ุชุชุณุน ู„ู‡ ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุดุงูŠ.
11:58
If your hometown might get swept away or destroyed by a natural disaster,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุณู‚ุท ุฑุฃุณูƒ ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฌุฑุงู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ ุจุณุจุจ ูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ
12:03
we now have a blueprint suspended in time
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ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎุทุฉู‹ ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
12:06
for how to restore that on Earth,
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ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
12:09
or perhaps even in a greenhouse on Mars.
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฏููŠุฆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ู…ุงุฑุณ.
12:14
I know it sounds crazy, but think about this:
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ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌู†ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง:
12:17
a new Provincetown,
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ุจุฑูŠู†ุณุชุงูˆู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
12:19
a new hometown,
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ู…ุณู‚ุท ุฑุฃุณ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
12:21
a place that might be familiar that's also good for pollinators
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ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฃู„ูˆูุงู‹ู‘ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุง ู„ู„ู…ู„ู‚ุญุงุช
12:24
for a stable food system,
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ู†ุธุงู… ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ู‚ุงุฑุŒ
12:25
when we're thinking about the future.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
12:29
Now, together, we know what's saving bees --
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู‚ุฐ ุงู„ู†ุญู„...
12:32
by planting diverse habitat.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุบุฑุณ ู…ูˆุฆู„ ู…ุชู†ูˆุน.
12:34
Now, together, we know how bees are going to save us --
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ุณูŠุญู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุญู„...
12:38
by being barometers for environmental health,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณุงู‹ ู„ู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉุŒ
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุทุทุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู…ุตุฏุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ
12:42
by being blueprints, sources of information,
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12:44
little data factories suspended in time.
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ู…ุตุงู†ุน ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†.
12:48
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
12:49
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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