Why bees hold the key to our future | Noah Wilson-Rich

63,485 views ใƒป 2019-04-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Pollinator decline is a grand challenge in the modern world.
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Of the 200,000 species of pollinators,
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์•ฝ 20๋งŒ ์ข…์˜ ์ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๊ณค์ถฉ ์ค‘์—์„œ
00:19
honeybees are the most well-understood,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ๋‹จ์—ฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:22
partly because of our long history with them dating back 8,000 years ago
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ค 8,000๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€
00:26
to our cave drawings in what is now modern-day Spain.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋™๊ตด ๋ฒฝํ™”์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
And yet we know that this indicator species is dying off.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Last year alone, we lost 40 percent of all beehives in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ 40%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
That number is even higher in areas with harsh winters,
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ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ
00:42
like here in Massachusetts,
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์ด๊ณณ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ 47%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
00:43
where we lost 47 percent of beehives
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00:46
in one year alone.
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๋‹จ 1๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์š”.
00:48
Can you imagine if we lost half of our people last year?
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•œ ํ•ด์— ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
00:52
And if those were the food-producing people?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
00:55
It's untenable.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
00:57
And I predict that in 10 years,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ •์ปจ๋Œ€
์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
we will lose our bees.
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01:04
If not for the work of beekeepers replacing these dead beehives,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ง‘๋“ค์— ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์†์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
01:08
we would be without foods that we rely upon:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋จน๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
fruits, vegetables,
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๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ์ฑ„์†Œ
01:13
crunchy almonds and nuts,
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๊ณ ์†Œํ•œ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ๋ฅ˜
01:15
tart apples,
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์ƒˆ์ฝคํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ
01:16
sour lemons.
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์‹œํผํ•œ ๋ ˆ๋ชฌ๋„์š”.
01:18
Even the food that our cattle rely upon to eat, hay and alfalfa -- gone,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์ผ ๊ฑด์ดˆ๋‚˜ ์•ŒํŒ”ํŒŒ ์‹๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
causing global hunger,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
01:26
economic collapse,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์–ด
01:27
a total moral crisis across earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ˜ผ๋ž€์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:31
Now, I first started keeping bees here in Cape Cod
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด๊ณณ ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑด
01:34
right after I finished my doctorate in honeybee immunology.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งํ›„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:45
Imagine getting such a degree in a good economy --
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:49
and it was 2009:
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ 2009๋…„์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:52
the Great Recession.
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๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ .
01:54
And I was onto something.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋”ฑ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I knew that I could find out how to improve bee health.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
01:59
And so the community on Cape Cod here in Provincetown
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ด๊ณณ ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด ์ง€์—ญ์€
02:03
was ripe for citizen science,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์–ด์„œ
02:04
people looking for ways to get involved and to help.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์ œ ์ผ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:07
And so we met with people in coffee shops.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:10
A wonderful woman named Natalie got eight beehives at her home in Truro,
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์ง‘์— ๋ฒŒํ†ต์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:13
and she introduced us to her friend Valerie,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด์ค€ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:15
who let us set up 60 beehives at an abandoned tennis court on her property.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒŒํ†ต 60๊ฐœ๋ฅผ
์ž๊ธฐ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค์žฅ์— ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And so we started testing vaccines for bees.
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:25
We were starting to look at probiotics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ์œ ์‚ฐ๊ท '์„ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
We called it "bee yogurt" --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ "๋ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅดํŠธ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์–ด์š”.
02:29
ways to make bees healthier.
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๋ฒŒ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:31
And our citizen science project started to take off.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Meanwhile, back in my apartment here,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์ €ํฌ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋’คํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:38
I was a bit nervous about my landlord.
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์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:40
I figured I should tell him what we were doing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:43
(Laughter)
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(์œณ์Œ)
02:44
I was terrified; I really thought I was going to get an eviction notice,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์› ์–ด์š”. ์•Œ๋ฉด ์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:47
which really was the last thing we needed, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
I must have caught him on a good day, though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
because when I told him what we were doing
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:54
and how we started our nonprofit urban beekeeping laboratory,
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๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์–‘๋ด‰ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ธ๋”๋‹ˆ
02:57
he said, "That's great! Let's get a beehive in the back alley."
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"๋ฉ‹์ง„๋ฐ์š”! ๋’ท๊ธธ์—๋„ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ๋‘ก์‹œ๋‹ค!" ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:01
I was shocked.
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์ •๋ง ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:02
I was completely surprised.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
I mean, instead of getting an eviction notice,
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ํ‡ด๊ฑฐ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:06
we got another data point.
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03:08
And in the back alley of this image,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €ํฌ ๋’ท๊ณจ๋ชฉ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
03:10
what you see here, this hidden beehive --
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์ด ์ค‘์— ๋ฒŒํ†ต์ด ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:13
that beehive produced more honey that first year
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๊ทธ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์—์„œ ์ฒซํ•ด์— ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€์ด
03:15
than we have ever experienced in any beehive we had managed.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
It shifted our research perspective forever.
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:21
It changed our research question away from "How do we save the dead and dying bees?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋งˆ์ € ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ
03:26
to "Where are bees doing best?"
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"๋ฒŒ์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ด ์–ด๋””์ผ๊นŒ?"์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:29
And we started to be able to put maps together,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋„ ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:31
looking at all of these citizen science beehives
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
from people who had beehives at home decks,
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์ง‘ ๋’ค๋œฐ ํˆ‡๋งˆ๋ฃจ์— ๋‘” ๋ฒŒํ†ต์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:36
gardens, business rooftops.
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์ •์›, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์˜ฅ์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
03:38
We started to engage the public,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
03:40
and the more people who got these little data points,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ
๋”์šฑ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
the more accurate our maps became.
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03:44
And so when you're sitting here thinking, "How can I get involved?"
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. "๋‚˜๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:47
you might think about a story of my friend Fred,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
03:50
who's a commercial real estate developer.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—…์ž์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:52
He was thinking the same thing.
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๊ทธ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
He was at a meeting,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ํšŒ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
03:55
thinking about what he could do for tenant relations
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ํ† ์ง€ ์ž„์ฐจ์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:58
and sustainability at scale.
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04:00
And while he was having a tea break,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๋˜ ์ค‘์—
04:01
he put honey into his tea and noticed on the honey jar
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์ฐจ์— ๊ฟ€์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฟ€๋ณ‘์— ์จ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์†์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์˜€์ฃ .
04:05
a message about corporate sustainability from the host company of that meeting.
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04:08
And it sparked an idea.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ๋œฉ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
He came back to his office.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๊ทธ๋Š”
04:12
An email, a phone call later, and -- boom! --
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ์ „ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์งœ์ž”!
04:15
we went national together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋””.
04:18
We put dozens of beehives on the rooftops of their skyscrapers
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์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ์ธต๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์— 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ๋‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:21
across nine cities nationwide.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ „๊ตญ 12๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์—์š”.
04:24
Nine years later --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  9๋…„ ๋’ค์—..
04:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:31
Nine years later, we have raised over a million dollars for bee research.
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9๋…„ ๋’ค, ์ €ํฌ ์–‘๋ด‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถˆ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We have a thousand beehives as little data points across the country,
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1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ 18๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€์ธก ์ง€์ ์„ ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:41
18 states and counting,
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04:43
where we have created paying jobs for local beekeepers, 65 of them,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 65๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:47
to manage beehives in their own communities,
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๊ฐ์ž ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:50
to connect with people, everyday people,
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งค์ผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:53
who are now data points together making a difference.
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๊ด€์ธก ์ง€์ ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋„“ํžˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
So in order to explain what's actually been saving bees,
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
05:00
where they're thriving,
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05:01
I need to first tell you what's been killing them.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
๋ฒŒ์„ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” 3๋Œ€ ์›์ธ์€
05:04
The top three killers of bees
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05:06
are agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides;
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๋†์•ฝ, ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ, ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†์—…์šฉ ํ™”ํ™•๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ
05:09
diseases of bees, of which there are many;
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘
05:12
and habitat loss.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์‹์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
So what we did is we looked on our maps
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒํ†ต ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
05:15
and we identified areas where bees were thriving.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์–ด๋”˜์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
This was mostly in cities, we found.
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ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋„์‹œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:21
Data are now showing that urban beehives produce more honey
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์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์• ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฟ€์ด ์ฑ„์ทจ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
than rural beehives and suburban beehives.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ทผ๊ต์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:26
Urban beehives have a longer life span than rural and suburban beehives,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์™ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:31
and bees in the city are more biodiverse;
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ 
05:34
there are more bee species in urban areas.
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋„ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:38
Right?
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๋ง์ด ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
05:39
Why is this?
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
05:41
That was our question.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
So we started with these three killers of bees,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” 3๋Œ€ ์›์ธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
05:45
and we flipped it:
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
05:46
Which of these is different in the cities?
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๊ทธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์ธ์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:48
So the first one, pesticides.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋†์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
We partnered up with the Harvard School of Public Health.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
We shared our data with them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
05:54
We collected samples from our citizen science beehives
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๋„์‹œ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•ด์„œ
05:57
at people's homes and business rooftops.
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05:58
We looked at pesticide levels.
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๋†์•ฝ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†์•ฝ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:00
We thought there would be less pesticides in areas where bees are doing better.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
That's not the case.
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06:05
So what we found here in our study is -- the orange bars are Boston,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€.. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์ƒ‰ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:09
and we thought those bars would be the lowest,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
there would be the lowest levels of pesticides.
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๋†์•ฝ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋†์•ฝ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ณณ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And, in fact, there are the most pesticides in cities.
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06:18
So the pesticide hypothesis for what's saving bees --
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๋†์•ฝ์ด ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค
06:21
less pesticides in cities --
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์ฆ‰, ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋†์•ฝ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:22
is not it.
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06:24
And this is very typical of my life as a scientist.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:28
Anytime I've had a hypothesis,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด
06:30
not only is it not supported, but the opposite is true.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:34
Which is still an interesting finding, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ฐธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด์ฃ ?
06:36
We moved on.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
The disease hypothesis.
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๋ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์ฃ .
06:38
We looked at diseases all over our beehives.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And what we found in a similar study to this one with North Carolina State is:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
06:45
there's no difference between disease in bees
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๋„์‹œ, ๋„์‹œ ๊ทผ๊ต, ์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
in urban, suburban and rural areas.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ณ‘๋“ค์–ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
Diseases are everywhere; bees are sick and dying.
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06:51
In fact, there were more diseases of bees in cities.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๋” ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
This was from Raleigh, North Carolina.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋กค๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:56
So again, my hypothesis was not supported. The opposite was true.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
We're moving on.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์ฃ .
07:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:04
The habitat hypothesis.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
This said that areas where bees are thriving have a better habitat --
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์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:10
more flowers, right?
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๊ฝƒ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
07:11
But we didn't know how to test this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
So I had a really interesting meeting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:15
An idea sparked with my friend and colleague Anne Madden,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์•ค ๋งค๋“ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:18
fellow TED speaker.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:19
We thought about genomics, kind of like AncestryDNA or 23andMe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
AncestryDNA๋‚˜ 23andME ๊ฐ™์€ DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:24
Have you done these?
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์— ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰์–ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ฃ .
07:26
You spit in a tube and you find out, "I'm German!"
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07:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:29
Well, we developed this for honey.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
So we have a sample of honey and we look at all the plant DNA,
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๋ฒŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ DNA๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
07:35
and we find out, "I'm sumac!"
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"์˜ป๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ด๊ตฐ!"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:38
And that's what we found here in Provincetown.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
07:40
So for the first time ever, I'm able to report to you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:43
what type of honey is from right here in our own community.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฟ€์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
HoneyDNA, a genomics test.
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HoneyDNA๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:48
Spring honey in Provincetown is from privet.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ด„์— ์ฅ๋˜ฅ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฟ€์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
What's privet? Hedges.
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์ฅ๋˜ฅ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ˆ์š”.
07:53
What's the message?
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์š”์ ์€์š”?
07:54
Don't trim your hedges to save the bees.
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๋ฒŒ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:58
I know we're getting crunchy and it's controversial,
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๋ง๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:01
so before you throw your tomatoes,
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์ ˆ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
08:02
we'll move to the summer honey, which is water lily honey.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฟ€์€ ์ˆ˜๋ จํ™” ๊ฟ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
If you have honey from Provincetown right here in the summer,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด์—์„œ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋“œ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:08
you're eating water lily juice;
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์ˆ˜๋ จํ™” ์ฃผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:10
in the fall, sumac honey.
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๊ฐ€์„์—๋Š” ์˜ป๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฟ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
We're learning about our food for the first time ever.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:15
And now we're able to report, if you need to do any city planning:
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๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด์ œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
What are good things to plant?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:21
What do we know the bees are going to that's good for your garden?
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์ •์›์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์•ผ ๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:24
For the first time ever for any community, we now know this answer.
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์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:28
What's more interesting for us is deeper in the data.
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๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
So, if you're from the Caribbean and you want to explore your heritage,
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ถœ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ ์กฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:35
Bahamian honey is from the laurel family,
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์›”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ณผ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋“œ์…”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:37
cinnamon and avocado flavors.
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๊ณ„ํ”ผ์™€ ์•„๋ณด์นด๋„ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜์ฃ .
08:40
But what's more interesting is 85 different plant species
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๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
85๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ํ•œ ์Šคํ‘ผ์˜ ๊ฟ€์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
in one teaspoon of honey.
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08:45
That's the measure we want, the big data.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Indian honey: that is oak.
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์ธ๋„ ๊ฟ€์€ ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Every sample we've tested from India is oak,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฟ€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
and that's 172 different flavors in one taste of Indian honey.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„ ๊ฟ€์—๋Š” 172 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
08:57
Provincetown honey goes from 116 plants in the spring
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ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด์˜ ๋ด„ ๊ฟ€์—๋Š” 116๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง›์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:01
to over 200 plants in the summer.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” 200๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
These are the numbers that we need to test the habitat hypothesis.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋งŒํผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:07
In another citizen science approach,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
09:09
you find out about your food and we get some interesting data.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
We're finding out now that in rural areas,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
there are 150 plants on average in a sample of honey.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 150์ข…์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:18
That's a measure for rural.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ ๊ทผ๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ์„ธ์š”?
09:20
Suburban areas, what might you think?
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09:22
Do they have less or more plants in suburban areas with lawns
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๋„์‹œ ๊ทผ๊ต์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž”๋””๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:26
that look nice for people but they're terrible for pollinators?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณค์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณณ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:30
Suburbs have very low plant diversity,
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๋„์‹œ ๊ทผ๊ต๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
so if you have a beautiful lawn,
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:34
good for you, but you can do more.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:37
You can have a patch of your lawn that's a wildflower meadow
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋“ค๊ฝƒ์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
09:40
to diversify your habitat,
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:42
to improve pollinator health.
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๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Anybody can do this.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
09:46
Urban areas have the most habitat, best habitat,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€, ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
as you can see here: over 200 different plants.
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์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, 200์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์ฃ .
09:53
We have, for the first time ever, support for the habitat hypothesis.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
We also now know how we can work with cities.
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ์ง€๋„ ์ด์ œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:00
The City of Boston has eight times better habitat
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ๋„์‹ฌ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ทผ๊ต์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด 8๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
than its nearby suburbs.
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10:04
And so when we work with governments, we can scale this.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
You might think on my tombstone, it'll say,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌ˜๋น„์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์จ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:10
"Here lies Noah. Plant a flower." Right?
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"๋…ธ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž ๋“  ์ด๊ณณ, ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”" ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
10:12
I mean -- it's exhausting after all of this.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
But when we scale together,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
10:17
when we go to governments and city planners --
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:20
like in Boston, the honey is mostly linden trees,
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๋ณด๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฟ€์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:22
and we say, "If a dead tree needs to be replaced, consider linden."
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"์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”."
10:25
When we take this information to governments, we can do amazing things.
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์ •๋ถ€์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
10:29
This is a rooftop from Fred's company.
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10:31
We can plant those things on top of rooftops worldwide
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด
10:34
to start restoring habitat and securing food systems.
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
We've worked with the World Bank
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:39
and the presidential delegation from the country of Haiti.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
We've worked with wonderful graduate students at Yale University and Ethiopia.
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์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€์™€๋„ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
In these countries, we can add value to their honey
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟ€์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:48
by identifying what it is,
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10:49
but informing the people of what to plant
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ์„์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์„œ
10:51
to restore their habitat and secure their food systems.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
But what I think is even more important is when we think about natural disasters.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌ์•™์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
For the first time,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
11:00
we now know how we can have a baseline measure of any habitat
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ธก์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
before it might be destroyed.
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11:05
Think about your hometown.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:06
What risks does the environment pose to it?
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์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:10
This is how we're going to save Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ‘ธ์—๋ฅดํ† ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
We now have a baseline measure of honey,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
honey DNA from before and after the storm.
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ํƒœํ’ ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€ DNA๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:20
We started in Humacao.
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๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ๋งˆ์นด์˜ค ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
This is right where Hurricane Maria made landfall.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ด์ฃ .
11:24
And we know what plants to replace and in what quantity and where
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋””์— ์‹ฌ์„์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
by triangulating honey DNA samples.
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๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€ DNA ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:32
You might even think about right here,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:34
the beautiful land that connected us, that primed us,
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
all the citizen science to begin with,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ 
11:38
the erosion, the winter storms
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์นจ์‹์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒจ์šธ ํญํ’์ด ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์„ธ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:40
that are getting more violent every year.
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11:43
What are we going to do about this,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋•…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:45
our precious land?
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11:46
Well, looking at honey DNA,
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๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€ DNA๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
11:48
we can see what plants are good for pollinators that have deep roots,
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์ด ๋•…์— ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ข‹์„์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
that can secure the land,
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์ด ๋•…์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ค„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:53
and together, everybody can participate.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And the solution fits in a teaspoon.
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ํ‹ฐ์Šคํ‘ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:58
If your hometown might get swept away or destroyed by a natural disaster,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌ์•™์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
we now have a blueprint suspended in time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
for how to restore that on Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:09
or perhaps even in a greenhouse on Mars.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:14
I know it sounds crazy, but think about this:
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์ •์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:17
a new Provincetown,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์Šคํƒ€์šด.
12:19
a new hometown,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ํ–ฅ.
12:21
a place that might be familiar that's also good for pollinators
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์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋”์—†์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ.
12:24
for a stable food system,
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12:25
when we're thinking about the future.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:29
Now, together, we know what's saving bees --
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
by planting diverse habitat.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
Now, together, we know how bees are going to save us --
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
by being barometers for environmental health,
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์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
12:42
by being blueprints, sources of information,
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์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„, ์ •๋ณด์›์ด ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:44
little data factories suspended in time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์€ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋ณด์ฐฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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