Yes, scientists are actually building an elevator to space - Fabio Pacucci

Translator: Marjona Muradova

Sending rockets into space requires sacrificing expensive equipment,

Raketalarni kosmosga jo’natish qimmat uskunalarni qurbon qilishni talab qiladi

burning massive amounts of fuel, and risking potential catastrophe.

katta miqdordagi yoqilg’ini yoqish va yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo’lgan falokatlar

So in the space race of the 21st century,

Shunday qilib, 21-asrning kosmik poygasida,

some engineers are abandoning rockets for something much more exciting:

Ba’zi muhandislar hayajonli narsa uchun raketalardan voz kechishmoqda :

elevators.

liftlar

Okay, so maybe riding an elevator to the stars

Xo’sh, yulduzlarga liftda borish mumkin

isn't the most thrilling mode of transportation.

eng hayajonli transport turi emas.

But using a fixed structure to send smaller payloads

Ammo kichikroq yuklarni yuborish uchun qattiq tuzilmadan foydalanish

of astronauts and equipment into orbit

orbitaga kosmonavtlar va uskunalar

would be safer, easier, and cheaper than conventional rockets.

an’anaviy raketalardan xavfsizroq, osonroq va arzonroq bo’lar edi.

On a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket,

SpaceX Falcon 9 raketasida,

every kilogram of cargo costs roughly $7,500 to carry into orbit.

Har bir kilogramm yukni orbitaga olib chiqish uchun taxminan 7500 dollar turadi.

Space elevators are projected to reduce that cost by 95%.

Kosmik liftlar ushbu xarajatlarni 95% ga kamaytirishi taxmin qilinmoqda ..

Researchers have been investigating this idea since 1895,

Tadqiqotchilar bu g’oyani 1895 yildan beri o’rganib chiqishdi.

when a visit to what was then the world's tallest structure

o’sha paytdagi dunyodagi eng baland inshootga tashrif kelganingizda

inspired Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

ilhomlantirgan rus olimi Konstantin Tsiolkovskiy.

Tsiolkovsky imagined a structure thousands of kilometers tall,

U minglab kilomet balandlikdagi inshootni taasavur qildi

but even a century later, no known material is strong enough

ammo bir asr o’tgan bo’lsa ham, hech qanday ma’lum material kuchli emas

to support such a building.

bunday binoni qollab-quvvatlash uchun

Fortunately, the laws of physics offer a promising alternative design.

Yaxshiyamki, fizika qonunlari istiqbolli muqobil dizaynni taklif qiladi.

Imagine hopping on a fast-spinning carousel

Tez aylanayotgan karuselga sakrab tushayotganingizni tasavvur qiling

while holding a rope attached to a rock.

toshga bog’langan arqonni ushlab turganda.

As long as the carousel keeps spinning, the rock and rope will remain horizontal,

Karusel aylanishda davom etar ekan, tosh va arqon gorizontal holatda qoladi,

kept aloft by centrifugal force.

markazdan qochma kuch ta’sirida yuqorida saqlanadi.

If you're holding the rope, you'll feel this apparent, inertial acceleration

Agar siz arqonni ushlab tursangiz, bu aniq, inertial tezlanishni his qilasiz

pulling the rock away from the center of the rotating carousel.

aylanuvchi karusel markazidan toshni tortib olish .

Now, if we replace the carousel with Earth,

Endi karuselni Yer bilan almashtirsak ,

the rope with a long tether, and the rock with a counterweight,

uzun bog’ichli arqon va qarshi og’irlikdagi tosh,

we have just envisioned the modern space elevator—

Biz hozirgina zamonaviy kosmik liftni tasavvur qildik -

a cable pulled into space by the physics of our spinning planet.

aylanayotgan sayyoramiz fizikasi tomonidan kosmosga tortilgan kabel .

For this to work, the counterweight would need to be far enough away

Buning ishlashi uchun qarshi og’irlik etarlicha uzoqda bo’lishi kerak

that the centrifugal force generated by the Earth's spin

Yerning aylanishi natijasida hosil bo’lgan markazdan qochma kuch

is greater than the planet's gravitational pull.

sayyoraning tortishish kuchidan kattaroqdir .

These forces balance out at roughly 36,000 kilometers above the surface,

Bu kuchlar sirtdan taxmiman 36 000 km balandlikda muvozanatni saqlaydi ,

so the counterweight should be beyond this height.

shuning uchun qarshi og’irlik bu balandlikdan tashqarida bo’lishi kerak .

Objects at this specific distance are in geostationary orbit,

Ushbu aniq masofadagi ob’ektlar geostatsionar orbitada,

meaning they revolve around Earth at the same rate the planet spins,

ya’ni ular Yer atrofida sayyora aylanish tezligida aylanadi,

thus appearing motionless in the sky.

shunday qilib osmonda harakatsiz ko’rinadi.

Qarshi og’irlikning o’zi har qanday narsa bo’lishi mumkin,

The counterweight itself could be anything,

even a captured asteroid.

hatto qo’lga olingan asteroid ham.

From here, the tether could be released down through the atmosphere

Bu yerdan rishta atmosfera orqali tushishi mumkin edi

and connected to a base station on the planet's surface.

va sayyora yuzasidagi tayanch stansiyaga ulangan .

To maximize centrifugal acceleration,

Santrifüj tezlashuvini maksimal darajada oshirish uchun,

this anchor point should be close to the Equator.

bu langar nuqtasi Ekvatorga yaqin bo’lishi kerak .

And by making the loading station a mobile ocean base,

Va yuk stansiyasini mobil okean bazasiga aylantirib,

the entire system could be moved at will,

butun tizim o’z xohishiga ko’ra ko’chirilishi mumkin,

allowing it to maneuver around extreme weather,

ekstremal ob-havo sharoitida manevr qilish imkonini beradi ,

and dodge debris and satellites in space.

va kosmosdagi qoldiqlar va sun’iy yo’ldoshlardan qochish.

Once established, cargo could be loaded onto devices called climbers,

So’ng, yuk alpinistlar deb nomlangan qurilmalarga yuklanishi mumkin edi

which would pull packages along the cable and into orbit.

bu kabel boylab paketlarni va orbitaga tortadi .

These mechanisms would require huge amounts of electricity,

Ushbu mexanizmlar katta miqdorda elektr energiyasini talab qiladi ,

which could be provided by solar panels or potentially even nuclear systems.

quyosh panellari yoki potensial yoki yadro tizimlari tomonidan ta’minlanishi mumkin.

Current designs estimate that it would take about 8 days

Amaldagi dizaynlarga ko’ra, bu taxminan 8 kun davom etadi

to elevate an object into geostationary orbit.

ob’ektni geostatsionar orbitaga ko’tarish .

And with proper radiation shielding,

Va to’g’ri radiatsiya himoyasi bilan,

humans could theoretically take the ride too.

odamlar nazariy jihatdan ham haydashlari mumkin edi.

So, what's stopping us from building this massive structure?

Xo’sh,bu ulkan inshootni qurishimizga nima to’sqinlik qilmoqda ?

For one thing, a construction accident could be catastrophic.

Birinchidan, qurilishdagi baxtsiz hodisa halokatli bo’lishi mumkin.

But the main problem lies in the cable itself.

Ammo asosiy muammo kabelning o’zida.

In addition to supporting a massive amount of weight,

Katta miqdordagi vaznni qollash tashqari ,

the cable's material would have to be strong enough

kabelning materiali etarlicha mustahkam bo’lishi kerak

to withstand the counterweight's pull.

qarshi og’irlikning tortilishiga bardosh berish uchun.

And because this tension and the force of gravity would vary at different points,

Va bu kuchlanish va tortishish kuchi turli nuqtalarda o’zgarganligi sababli ,

its strength and thickness would need to vary as well.

uning kuchi va qalinligi ham har xil bo’lishi kerak.

Engineered materials like carbon nanotubes and diamond nano-threads

Uglerod nanotubalari va olmos nano-iplari kabi muhandislik materiallari

seem like our best hope for producing materials

bizning katta umidimiz materiallar ishlab chiqarish

strong and light enough for the job.

ish uchun etarlicha kuchli va engil.

But so far,

ammo hozirgacha,

we've only been able to manufacture very small nanotube chains.

Biz faqat juda kichik nanotuba zanjirlarini ishlab chiqara oldik .

Another option would be to build one somewhere with weaker gravity.

Yana bir variant - tortishish kuchi zaifroq joyda qurish .

Space elevators based on Mars or the Moon

Mars yoki Oyga asoslangan kosmik liftlar

are already possible with existing materials.

mavjud materiallar bilan allaqachon mumkin .

But the huge economic advantage of owning an Earth-based space elevator

Ammo Yerga asoslangan kosmik liftga ega bo’lishning katta iqtisodiy afzalligi

has inspired numerous countries to try and crack this conundrum.

ko’plab mamlakatlarni bu jumboqni yengib chiqishga ilhomlantirdi .

In fact, some companies in China and Japan

Aslida,Xitoy va Yaponiyadagi ba’zi kompaniyalar

are already planning to complete construction by 2050.

2050 yilgacha qurilishni yakunlashni rejalashtirmoqda .