How to spot a counterfeit bill - Tien Nguyen

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

It's estimated that for every 10,000 bills in the U.S.,

Procenjeno je da je u Americi na svakih 10 000 novčanica

one of those bills is fake.

jedna od tih novčanica lažna.

To možda ne zvuči kao mnogo,

That may not sound like much,

ali se svodi na milione dolara u realnom kešu.

but it adds up to millions of dollars in cold hard cash.

Counterfeit money has the potential to cause all sorts of problems,

Falsifikovani novac ima potencijal da prouzrokuje razne probleme,

from leaving you short $20 to destabilizing national economies.

od toga da vas ostavi u manjku za $20 do destabilizacije nacionalnih ekonomija.

Ipak, ne brinite.

But don't worry.

You can help catch the counterfeits.

Možete pomoći da se falsifikatori uhvate.

All you need are some simple tools and a bit of chemistry.

Sve što vam je potrebno jesu jednostavni alati i malo hemije.

Prvo, anti-falsifikatorska olovka za detekciju.

First up, the anti-counterfeit detection pen.

Olovka izgleda kao marker

The pen looks like a highlighter

and contains a solution of potassium iodide

i sadrži rastvor kalijum jodida

i elementarni jod.

and elemental iodine.

It reveals of the presence of starch,

Otkriva prisustvo skroba,

which is commonly used to strengthen regular printer paper,

koji se obično koristi za ojačavanje običnog papira za štampanje,

ali neće se naći u pravom novcu.

but won't be found in real money.

To je zato što su autentične novčanice napravljene od pamuka i lana

That's because authentic bills are made of cotton and linen

and are threaded with tiny red and blue fibers.

i isprepletene su sićušnim crvenim i plavim vlaknima.

That material is made by a single, highly-guarded company

Taj materijal je napravila jedna visoko obezbeđena kompanija

called Crane and Company,

pod imenom „Krejn i kompani“,

koja štampa valute

which has been printing currency

od kad ih je Pol Rivir zamolio da finansiraju Revolucionarni rat.

since Paul Revere asked them to help finance the Revolutionary War.

The starch in many counterfeit bills, on the other hand,

S druge strane, skrob u mnogim krivotvorenim novčanicama

is made of two molecules:

izgrađen je od dva molekula,

amylopectin and amylose.

amilopektina i amilaze.

Amilaza je ta koja odaje falsifikat.

It's amylose that gives the fake away.

Its long chain of sugar molecules connected by oxygen atoms

Njen dugački lanac šećernih molekula povezan atomima kiseonika

forms a helical structure, like DNA.

formira spiralnu strukturu, poput DNA.

Jodid voli da se progura unutar ovog navoja

Iodide likes to squeeze inside this coil,

forming a new compound that leaves a dark mark on the paper.

formirajući novo jedinjenje koje ostavlja tamni obris na papiru.

Međutim, uz odsustvo skroba, nema hemijske reakcije

However, in the absence of starch, there is no chemical reaction

and the mark will look light yellow.

i žig će izgledati bledo-žuto.

Dakle, ako falsifikat nije štampan na skrobnom papiru,

So if the fake isn't printed on starchy paper,

rastvor joda vam ne može pomoći.

iodine solutions can't help you.

That's one of the reasons U.S. bills printed since 1996

To je jedan od razloga

što su američke novčanice štampane od 1966. godine

have been chemically enhanced to include another counterfeit countermeasure:

hemijski poboljšane da uključe još jednu protivmeru,

a strip that fluoresces under UV light.

traku koja postaje fluorescentna pod UV svetlom.

That's the same kind of light used at black light parties

To je isto svetlo koje se koristi na zabavama sa crnim svetlom

and airport security lines.

i sigurnosnim linijama na aerodromima.

The polyester strip printed with invisble ink

Traka od poliestera odštampana nevidljivim mastilom

širine je samo 1mm

is just one millimeter wide

and is found in different positions depending on a bill's value.

i može se naći na različitom mestu u zavisnosti od vrednosti novčanice.

If you hold your dollar up to natural light,

Ako držite dolar na prirodnoj svetlosti,

you can see the amount and the word USA printed on the band.

možete videti vrednost i reč SAD odštampanu na poleđini.

But under UV light, these strips really shine.

Međutim, ispod UV svetla, ove tračice zaista svetle.

They contain molecules that can be excited by absorbing certain amounts of energy,

One sadrže molekule koji mogu da ekscitiraju

kada apsorbuju određenu količinu energije,

specifically, that given off by common UV light sources.

konkretno, onu koja se dobije od uobičajenog izvora UV svetlosti.

As these excited molecules return to their original states,

Kako se ti ekscitirani molekuli vraćaju u prvobitno stanje,

they lose a bit of energy as heat and then radiate the rest as light.

gube delić energije u obliku toplote, a ostatak zrači kao svetlost.

Energy is inversely related to wavelength,

Energija je inverzno povezana sa talasnom dužinom,

što znači da duže talasne dužine imaju manju energiju.

which means that the longer wavelengths have lower energy.

Tako, manja energija koju odaje traka

So the lower energy light given off by the strip

means longer wavelengths that fall in the visible range,

podrazumeva dugu talasnu dužinu koja spada u vidljivi spektar

and suddenly we can see that which had been invisible.

i odjednom možemo videti one koje su bile nevidljive.

Ako se svetleća traka ne ukaže na novijoj novčanici,

And if a glowing strip doesn't show up on a recent bill,

you have a fake on your hands.

imate falsifikat u ruci.

For times when you're not dealing with counterfeit masterminds,

Kada se ne bavite genijalnim falsifikatorima,

traženje jednostavnih vidljivih znakova će pomoći.

looking for simple visual cues will do.

Make sure the portrait looks lifelike and not flat,

Utvrdite da portret izgleda realno, a ne ravno,

the seal has perfectly even sawtooth points,

da pečat ima savršene, čak i nazubljene vrhove,

da je granica mastila neprekinuta,

the inked border is unbroken,

and the serial number has precisely equal spacing between each number.

a serijski broj ima potpuno jednak razmak između svakog broja.

Dakle, sledeći put kad naiđete na sumnjiv novac,

So the next time you come across some dubious dough,

pogledajte malo bolje,

have a closer look,

izvadite svoj rastvor joda,

pull out your iodine solution,

or take it to a rave

ili ga odnesite na rejv žurku

and you just might catch a counterfeit.

i možda uhvatite falsifikatora.