The wild world of carnivorous plants - Kenny Coogan

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Little do they know it,

Ne znaju šta im se sprema,

but these six creatures are each about to experience a very unusual death.

ali ovih šest stvorenja upravo će doživeti vrlo neobičnu smrt.

One-by-one,

Jedan po jedan,

they will fall prey to the remarkable, predatory antics of...

postaće plen izvanrednih lukavih predatora...

a carnivorous plant.

biljaka mesožderki.

Around the world there are more than 600 plant species

Širom sveta postoji više od 600 vrsta biljaka

that supplement a regular diet of sunlight, water, and soil

koje redovnu ishranu sunčevom svetlošću, vodom i zemljom dopunjuju

with insects, microbes, or even frogs and rats.

insektima, mikrobima, pa čak i žabama i pacovima.

Scientists believe that carnivory in plants evolved separately

Naučnici smatraju da se mesožderstvo kod biljaka odvojeno razvilo

at least six times on our planet,

bar šest puta na našoj planeti,

suggesting that this flesh-munching adaptation

što ukazuje da ovo prilagođavanje na proždiranje mesa

holds a major benefit for plants.

predstavlja veliku korist za biljke.

Carnivorous plants tend to grow in places with highly acidic soil,

Biljke mesožderke obično rastu na mestima sa veoma kiselim zemljištem,

which is poor in crucial nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

koje je siromašno ključnim hranljivim sastojcima

kao što su azot, fosfor i kalijum.

In these hostile conditions,

U ovim neprijateljskim uslovima,

plants that are able to lure, trap, and digest prey

biljke koje su u stanju da namame, zarobe i svare plen

have an advantage over those that rely on soil for their nutrients.

imaju prednost nad onima koje se oslanjaju na tlo da bi dobile hranljive materije.

Take this inhospitable bog,

Uzmite za primer ovu negostoljubivu močvaru,

where pitcher plants reign supreme.

gde su biljke vrčevci vrhovni vladari.

Drawn to the pitcher’s vivid colors and alluring scent,

Privučena živopisnim bojama i privlačnim mirisom vrča,

the fly closes in and slurps its nectar.

mušica uđe unutra i posrče nektar.

But this pitcher species has an ingredient called coniine in its nectar,

Ali ova vrsta vrčevca u svom nektaru ima sastojak zvani konin,

a powerful narcotic to insects.

snažan narkotik za insekte.

As the coniine takes effect,

Kako konin ostvaruje dejstvo,

the fly grows sluggish, stumbles, and falls down the funnel

muva postaje troma, spotiče se i pada niz levak

into a pool of liquid at the base,

u bazen tečnosti na dnu,

where he drowns.

gde se udavi.

Enzymes and bacteria in the liquid slowly break his body down

Enzimi i bakterije u tečnosti polako razlože njeno telo

into microscopic particles the pitcher plant can consume through its leaves.

na mikroskopske čestice koje vrčevac može da potroši kroz svoje listove.

Occasionally,

Povremeno, veći plen takođe upadne u kobni levak vrčevca.

larger prey also tumbles into the fatal funnel of the pitcher plant.

The second victim faces off with the sticky sundew plant.

Druga žrtva se suočava sa lepljivom rosuljom.

The sundew’s tiny leaves are equipped with a viscous secretion called mucilage.

Sićušni listovi rosulje su opremljeni gustim sekretom zvanim biljni lepak.

The ant is swiftly trapped in this goo.

Mrav se brzo zarobi u ovom lepku.

As she struggles, enzymes begin to digest her body.

Dok se bori, enzimi počinju da vare njegovo telo.

Special tentacles sense her movement and curl around her,

Specijalni pipci osete pokrete i uvijaju se oko njega,

clenching her in their suffocating grip.

stiskajući ga tako da guše.

Once she asphyxiates,

Kada se uguši,

which can happen in under an hour,

što se može desiti za manje od jednog sata,

the tentacles unfurl again to snare their next victim.

pipci se ponovo rašire kako bi uhvatili sledeću žrtvu.

Two down, four to go.

Dva su uhvaćena, ostala su četiri.

The next target meets his end underground,

Sledeća meta se suočava sa svojim krajem pod zemljom,

in the coils of the corkscrew plant.

u zavojnicama biljke vadičep.

He enters the roots through a tiny slit in search of food.

Ulazi u korene kroz mali prorez u potrazi za hranom,

But inside, he quickly loses his way through the tangled labyrinth.

ali se unutra brzo izgubi kroz zamršeni lavirint.

A forest of curved hairs prevents his escape,

Šuma zakrivljenih dlačica sprečava njegovo bekstvo

guiding him into a central chamber with flesh-digesting enzymes

i vodi ga u centralnu komoru sa enzimima koji razlažu meso

and deadly low levels of oxygen.

i smrtonosno niskim nivoom kiseonika.

In the murky depths of a nearby pond,

U mračnim dubinama obližnjeg jezera,

a tadpole unwittingly swims into the path of the bladderwort,

punoglavac se plivajući nesvesno nađe na putu mešinke,

the speediest of all carnivorous plants.

najbrže od svih biljaka mesožderki.

She treads on the bladderwort’s trigger,

Nagazi na mešinkin mamac

and in milliseconds,

i u roku od nekoliko milisekundi, poklopac se otvara i usisava ga unutra.

a trapdoor swings open and sucks her in.

Trapped half in and half out,

Zarobljen napola unutra,

she struggles to free herself

bori se da se oslobodi

while the part of her body inside the plant gets digested.

dok biljka vari njegov deo koji je unutar nje.

Over the next few hours,

Tokom narednih nekoliko sati,

her writhing sets the trap off repeatedly,

njegovo previjanje iznova pokreće zamku,

each time bringing her deeper into the plant

pri čemu ga svaki put ubacuje dublje u biljku

to be digested alive bit by bit.

koja ga svari živog komad po komad.

Meanwhile, this beetle is bewitched by sweet-smelling nectar.

U međuvremenu, ova buba je začarana mirisom nektara.

The scent draws him closer and closer

Miris je privlači sve bliže i bliže

until he lands on the leaves of the world’s most infamous carnivorous plant.

dok ne sleti na lišće najozloglašenije biljke mesožderke na svetu.

His landing triggers tiny hairs on the surface of the leaves,

Njeno sletanje aktivira sitne dlake na površini lišća

and the jaws of the venus fly trap snap shut around him.

i čeljusti Venerine muholovke se zatvaraju oko njega.

The spikes interlock to seal his fate.

Šiljci se ukrste da bi zapečatili njenu sudbinu.

Once closed,

Kada se zatvori,

the leaves act like an external stomach that digests the beetle’s soft tissues.

lišće funkcioniše kao spoljašnji stomak koji vari meko tkivo bube.

When they open again a few days later,

Kada se ponovo otvori nekoliko dana kasnije,

only the dry husk of his exoskeleton remains.

ostaje samo suva ljuštura njegovog egzoskeleta.

The mayfly is the last creature standing.

Vodeni cvet je jedini preostali stvor.

As she approaches the butterwort plant,

Dok se približava biljci masnici,

she heads for the flowers that wave high above the plant’s globs of adhesive goo.

kreće prema cvetovima koji se talasaju visoko iznad lepljive smese biljke.

She alights on the petals, drinks the nectar, and takes off unscathed.

Spušta se na latice, pije nektar i odlazi netaknut.

These long flower stalks keep certain insects away from the carnivore’s traps—

Ove duge cvetne stabljike čuvaju neke insekte podalje od zamki mesožderki,

a way of separating pollinators from food.

što je način za odvajanje oprašivača od hrane.

Off the mayfly buzzes to live a long and fruitful life–

Vodeni cvet je odzujao da živi dug i plodan život -

oh.

oh.