The wild world of carnivorous plants - Kenny Coogan

2,268,171 views ใƒป 2019-04-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Bom lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yun-seon Choi
00:08
Little do they know it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:09
but these six creatures are each about to experience a very unusual death.
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
One-by-one,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ
00:16
they will fall prey to the remarkable, predatory antics of...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ ๋„ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ํฌ์‹์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
00:20
a carnivorous plant.
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์‹์ถฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Around the world there are more than 600 plant species
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 600์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
00:26
that supplement a regular diet of sunlight, water, and soil
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ํ–‡๋น›, ๋ฌผ, ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์‹ ์™ธ์—๋„
00:30
with insects, microbes, or even frogs and rats.
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ, ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Scientists believe that carnivory in plants evolved separately
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ์€ ์ง„ํ™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
at least six times on our planet,
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00:42
suggesting that this flesh-munching adaptation
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์œก์‹์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€์š”.
00:45
holds a major benefit for plants.
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00:48
Carnivorous plants tend to grow in places with highly acidic soil,
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์‹์ถฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:53
which is poor in crucial nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ† ์–‘์—๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์†Œ์ธ ์งˆ์†Œ, ์ธ, ์นผ๋ฅจ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:59
In these hostile conditions,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
01:01
plants that are able to lure, trap, and digest prey
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜นํ•˜๊ณ , ํฌํšํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
01:05
have an advantage over those that rely on soil for their nutrients.
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์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ํ† ์–‘์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์กด์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Take this inhospitable bog,
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์žŽ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๊ตฐ๋ฆผํ•˜๋Š”
01:13
where pitcher plants reign supreme.
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์ด ํ™ฉํํ•œ ๋Šช์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:15
Drawn to the pitcherโ€™s vivid colors and alluring scent,
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ํฌ์ถฉ๋‚ญ์˜ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ๋ ค,
01:19
the fly closes in and slurps its nectar.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
But this pitcher species has an ingredient called coniine in its nectar,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์žก์ด ํ’€ ์ข…์€ ๊ฟ€ ์†์— ์ฝ”๋‹Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:27
a powerful narcotic to insects.
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๊ณค์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
As the coniine takes effect,
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์ฝ”๋‹Œ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด,
01:32
the fly grows sluggish, stumbles, and falls down the funnel
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ธฐ ๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ณ , ๋น„ํ‹€๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:37
into a pool of liquid at the base,
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๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ ์†์˜ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
where he drowns.
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01:41
Enzymes and bacteria in the liquid slowly break his body down
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์ด ์•ก์ฒด์†์˜ ํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋…น์—ฌ์„œ
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์žŽ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
into microscopic particles the pitcher plant can consume through its leaves.
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01:51
Occasionally,
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๊ฐ€๋” ๋” ํฐ ๋จน์ด๋“ค๋„
01:52
larger prey also tumbles into the fatal funnel of the pitcher plant.
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์žก์ด ํ’€์˜ ์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
The second victim faces off with the sticky sundew plant.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ œ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ˆ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ๋ˆ์ด์ฃผ๊ฑฑ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
The sundewโ€™s tiny leaves are equipped with a viscous secretion called mucilage.
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๋ˆ๋ˆ์ด์ฃผ๊ฑฑ์˜ ์žŽ์—๋Š” ์ ์งˆ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
The ant is swiftly trapped in this goo.
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ์ด ์ฐ๋“์ฐ๋“ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
As she struggles, enzymes begin to digest her body.
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๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์น˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ํšจ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Special tentacles sense her movement and curl around her,
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ด‰์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
๋‘˜๋‘˜ ๊ฐ์•„, ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ๋ถ™์žก์•„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
clenching her in their suffocating grip.
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02:22
Once she asphyxiates,
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—
02:23
which can happen in under an hour,
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ์‹ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
02:25
the tentacles unfurl again to snare their next victim.
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์ด‰์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ซ์„ ํŽผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Two down, four to go.
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๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ๋„ค ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
The next target meets his end underground,
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ์ ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜ ๋‚˜์„ ์‹ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
02:35
in the coils of the corkscrew plant.
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์ตœํ›„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
He enters the roots through a tiny slit in search of food.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
But inside, he quickly loses his way through the tangled labyrinth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
A forest of curved hairs prevents his escape,
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๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ํ„ธ์˜ ์ˆฒ์€ ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
02:50
guiding him into a central chamber with flesh-digesting enzymes
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
02:55
and deadly low levels of oxygen.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
In the murky depths of a nearby pond,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์—ฐ๋ชป์˜ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ,
03:02
a tadpole unwittingly swims into the path of the bladderwort,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹์ถฉ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š”
03:07
the speediest of all carnivorous plants.
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ํ†ต๋ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์ณ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
She treads on the bladderwortโ€™s trigger,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๋ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์žฅ์น˜ ์œ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์ž๋งˆ์ž,
03:13
and in milliseconds,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์—
03:14
a trapdoor swings open and sucks her in.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ด ํ™œ์ง ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Trapped half in and half out,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋จนํžŒ ์ฑ„
03:20
she struggles to free herself
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ํ’€๋ ค๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ๊ฐ„ํž˜์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
03:22
while the part of her body inside the plant gets digested.
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์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋จนํžŒ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์†Œํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Over the next few hours,
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
03:28
her writhing sets the trap off repeatedly,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์˜ ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ซ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:31
each time bringing her deeper into the plant
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
03:34
to be digested alive bit by bit.
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์‚ฐ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์†Œํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Meanwhile, this beetle is bewitched by sweet-smelling nectar.
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ด ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฟ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋„‹์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
The scent draws him closer and closer
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ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ฒจ
03:44
until he lands on the leaves of the worldโ€™s most infamous carnivorous plant.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•…๋ช…๋†’์€ ์‹์ถฉ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์žŽ ์œ„์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
His landing triggers tiny hairs on the surface of the leaves,
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๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ด ์žŽ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํ„ธ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด,
03:54
and the jaws of the venus fly trap snap shut around him.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ฅํ’€์˜ ํ„ฑ์€ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
The spikes interlock to seal his fate.
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๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชธ์„ ๋ด‰์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Once closed,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋‹ซํžˆ๋ฉด,
04:02
the leaves act like an external stomach that digests the beetleโ€™s soft tissues.
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์žŽ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์กฐ์ง์„ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์œ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
When they open again a few days later,
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๋ฉฐ์น ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•
04:11
only the dry husk of his exoskeleton remains.
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๊ทธ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์˜ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๊ป์งˆ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
The mayfly is the last creature standing.
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์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์‚ด์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
As she approaches the butterwort plant,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์‚ด์ด๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์žก์ด ์ œ๋น„๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ
04:21
she heads for the flowers that wave high above the plantโ€™s globs of adhesive goo.
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๊ทธ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐ๋“์ฐ๋“ํ•œ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์œ„๋กœ ์†Ÿ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ํ”๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
She alights on the petals, drinks the nectar, and takes off unscathed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์žŽ ์œ„์— ์•‰์•„ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด ์ผ ์—†์ด ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
These long flower stalks keep certain insects away from the carnivoreโ€™s trapsโ€”
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์ด ๊ธด ๊ฝƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ๋ซ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
a way of separating pollinators from food.
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์Œ์‹๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:41
Off the mayfly buzzes to live a long and fruitful lifeโ€“
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๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์‚ด์ด๋Š” ์œ™์œ™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธธ๊ณ  ํ’์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ..
04:46
oh.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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