How do wind turbines work? - Rebecca J. Barthelmie and Sara C. Pryor

989,656 views ・ 2021-04-22

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Soohyun Park κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:08
Every 24 hours, wind generates enough kinetic energy
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λ°”λžŒμ΄ 24μ‹œκ°„λ§ˆλ‹€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μš΄λ™ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ”
00:12
to produce roughly 35 times more electricity than humanity uses each day.
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인λ₯˜κ°€ 맀일 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ „κΈ°λŸ‰μ˜ μ•½ 35λ°°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
And unlike coal or oil, this resource is totally renewed each day.
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그리고 μ„νƒ„μ΄λ‚˜ μ„μœ μ™€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 이 μžμ›μ€ 맀일 μ™„μ „νžˆ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
So how can we harness this incredible amount of energy,
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:27
and is it possible to create a world powered entirely by wind?
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또 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”λžŒλ§Œμ„ 동λ ₯μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 세상을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:32
The basic principle of wind energy is simple.
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풍λ ₯ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ μ›λ¦¬λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
A series of sails or blades mounted around a rotor catch the wind
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λ‘œν„° μ£Όμœ„μ— μž₯착된 돛 λ˜λŠ” λ‚ κ°œκ°€ λ°”λžŒμ„ λ°›μ•„
00:39
and translate its kinetic energy into rotational energy.
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λ°”λžŒμ˜ μš΄λ™ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό νšŒμ „ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
Traditional windmills use that rotational energy to grind wheat or pump water.
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전톡적인 ν’μ°¨λŠ” 이 νšŒμ „ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 밀을 λΉ»κ±°λ‚˜ 물을 νΌμ˜¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
But in modern wind turbines, it turns a generator that creates electricity.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ—μ„œ
νšŒμ „ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” λ°œμ „κΈ°λ₯Ό 돌렀 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
This conversion from wind to rotational energy to electricity
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°”λžŒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νšŒμ „ μ—λ„ˆμ§€, 그리고 μ „κΈ°λ‘œμ˜ λ³€ν™˜μ΄
00:58
has defined wind turbines since their invention in the late 19th century.
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19μ„ΈκΈ° 말에 발λͺ…λœ 이후 풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ˜ μ •μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
And there are three primary factors that determine just how much energy
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ κ²°μ •μ§“λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 μ£Όμš” μš”μ†ŒλŠ”
01:06
they can produce: the size and orientation of the blades,
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λ‚ κ°œμ˜ 크기와 λ°©ν–₯,
01:10
the blade’s aerodynamic design, and the amount of wind turning the rotor.
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λ‚ κ°œμ˜ μœ μ²΄μ—­ν•™μ μΈ λ””μžμΈ,
λ‘œν„°λ₯Ό λŒλ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ˜ μ–‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
First up, blade orientation.
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λ¨Όμ € λ‚ κ°œμ˜ λ°©ν–₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ£ .
01:18
Wind turbines can be designed with their rotor
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풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ˜ λ‘œν„°λŠ” 수직 μΆ•μ΄λ‚˜ μˆ˜ν‰ 좕을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
on a vertical axis or a horizontal axis.
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01:24
Vertical blades can pick up wind coming from any direction,
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수직 λ‚ κ°œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ°©ν–₯의 λ°”λžŒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:27
but with much less efficiency than horizontal axis rotors.
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μˆ˜ν‰ μΆ• λ‘œν„°λ³΄λ‹€ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ 훨씬 λ–¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
Horizontal designs allow blades to capture the wind’s full force
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μˆ˜ν‰ λ””μžμΈμ€ λ°”λžŒμ˜ λ°©ν–₯을 따라 λ°”λžŒμ„ λ§žλ°›λ„λ‘ νšŒμ „ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:36
by tracking the wind’s direction and turning to face it.
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λ‚ κ°œλŠ” λ°”λžŒμ΄ 가진 λͺ¨λ“  νž˜μ„ μž‘μ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
This turning process is called yawing,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νšŒμ „ 과정을 μš”μž‰(yawing)이라고 ν•˜λ©°
01:42
and older windmills achieved it through manual monitoring.
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μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ ν’μ°¨λŠ” μˆ˜λ™μœΌλ‘œ μš”μž‰μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Today, wind sensors and computer systems automatically adjust the blades
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” λ°”λžŒ μ„Όμ„œμ™€ 컴퓨터 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ‚ κ°œλ₯Ό μ •λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ •ν•˜μ—¬
01:51
with expert precision to capture as much energy as possible.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Outside rotor orientation,
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λ‘œν„°μ˜ λ°©ν–₯뿐만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:58
the blades themselves need to be shaped to maximize efficiency.
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λ‚ κ°œ 자체의 λͺ¨μ–‘ μ—­μ‹œ νš¨μœ¨μ„± κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
While early designs used flat blades,
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초기 λ””μžμΈμ€ ν‰ν‰ν•œ λ‚ κ°œμ˜€μœΌλ‚˜
02:04
modern blades are curved like airplane wings.
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ” λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° λ‚ κ°œμ²˜λŸΌ νœ˜μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
Wind travels faster over the curved surface,
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λ°”λžŒμ€ 곑면 μœ„λ₯Ό 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
02:10
creating a low-pressure pocket above the blade that forces it upwards.
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λ‚ κ°œ μœ„μ— 저기압을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ”λ° 이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚ κ°œκ°€ μœ„λ‘œ λ°€μ–΄μ˜¬λ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Since the amount of lift depends on the angle
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μ–‘λ ₯의 ν¬κΈ°λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ΄ λ‚ κ°œμ— λŒ€ν•΄
02:16
at which the wind is moving relative to the blade,
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 각도에 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§€λ―€λ‘œ
02:19
modern blades also incorporate a twist,
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ λ‚ κ°œλŠ” 비틀림을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:22
optimizing how much of the blade can cut into the wind.
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λ‚ κ°œκ°€ λ°”λžŒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλŠ” 정도λ₯Ό μ΅œμ ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
Made of fiberglass and resin layers, these blades are strong enough
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λ‚ κ°œλŠ” μœ λ¦¬μ„¬μœ μ™€ ν•©μ„±μˆ˜μ§€ 측으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λ©°
λΉ„, 번개, νƒ€λŠ” λ“―ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ 20λ…„ 이상을 μž‘λ™ν•  만큼 κ°•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
to operate through rain, lightning, and blistering sunlight for over 20 years.
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02:36
Even with aerodynamic blades and a horizontal rotor,
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μœ μ²΄μ—­ν•™μ μΈ λ‚ κ°œμ™€ μˆ˜ν‰ λ‘œν„°κ°€ μžˆλ”λΌλ„
02:39
a wind turbine can only capture wind if it's in a windy environment.
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풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ€ λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆ€λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ°”λžŒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Wind speeds typically increase the higher into the atmosphere you travel.
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일반적으둜 λŒ€κΈ° μ€‘μ—μ„œ 풍속은 고도가 λ†’μ•„μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
So today, most turbines are well over 100 meters tall,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν„°λΉˆμ€ 높이가 100mλ₯Ό ν›Œμ© λ„˜μœΌλ©°
02:52
with equally large rotor diameters.
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λ‘œν„°μ˜ 직경 μ—­μ‹œ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
A turbine of this height and size can capture a huge amount of wind,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 높이와 크기의 ν„°λΉˆμ€ λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ λ°”λžŒμ„ 받을 수 있고
02:59
generating enough electricity every year to power 750 American homes.
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맀년 750개의 λ―Έκ΅­ 가정이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
A wind farm of 200 similarly sized turbines
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 크기의 ν„°λΉˆ 200개둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ 풍λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†ŒλŠ”
03:07
could power over 150,000 American homesβ€” or twice as many European homesβ€”
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미ꡭ의 15만 가ꡬ,
λ˜λŠ” 유럽의 30만 가ꡬ에 1λ…„ λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ „λ ₯을 곡급할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
for an entire year.
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03:15
Offshore wind farms contain an even greater number of even larger turbines.
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해상 풍λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œμ—λŠ” 더 큰 ν„°λΉˆμ΄ 더 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
In 2019, the largest wind turbine ever built
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2019λ…„μ—λŠ” 역사상 κ°€μž₯ 큰 풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ΄
03:24
began operating off the coast of the Netherlands.
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œ ν•΄μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 가동을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
With a rotor diameter of 220 meters, just one of these turbines
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λ‘œν„°μ˜ 직경이 220m인 이 ν„°λΉˆλ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„
03:31
can meet the annual power needs of 16,000 European households.
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유럽 16,000 κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ μ—°κ°„ μ „λ ₯ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό 감당할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Despite its amazing potential, wind energy still faces challenges.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 잠재λ ₯에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
풍λ ₯ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ—λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Wind may be a free and unlimited fuel,
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λ°”λžŒμ€ 무료이며 κ³ κ°ˆλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ—°λ£ŒμΌμ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
03:44
but no matter how large or efficient a turbine is
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ν„°λΉˆμ΄ 아무리 크고 νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄λΌλ„
03:47
there's a mathematical limit to how much wind it can convert into electricity.
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λ°”λžŒμ„ μ „κΈ°λ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ–‘μ—λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
German physicist Albert Betz calculated
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독일 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μž μ•Œλ² λ₯΄νŠΈ 베츠의 계산에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄
03:54
that since some wind must remain to keep the blades spinning,
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λ‚ κ°œκ°€ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ νšŒμ „ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ°”λžŒμ΄ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:57
a turbine can only ever capture 59.3% of the wind’s energy.
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ν„°λΉˆμ€ λ°”λžŒμ΄ 가진 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 59.3%λ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Additionally, some people feel turbines disrupt natural scenery,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ ν„°λΉˆμ΄ μžμ—° 경관을 λ§μΉœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 있으며
04:07
and wind energy’s intermittent availability
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풍λ ₯ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 간헐적 κ°€μš©μ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:10
can make it difficult to integrate into electrical grids.
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μ „λ ₯망에 ν†΅ν•©λ˜κΈ°λ„ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
But even with these challenges, modern wind turbines have made wind energy
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŒμ—λ„ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ€
풍λ ₯을 κ°€μž₯ 효율적이고 μ €λ ΄ν•œ μ „κΈ° κ³΅κΈ‰μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
the most efficient and inexpensive source of electricity.
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04:21
Wind turbines already provide essential energy for communities around the world.
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풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ€ 이미 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ— ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
And for many farmers, hosting a wind turbine
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λ§Žμ€ λ†λΆ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 풍λ ₯ ν„°λΉˆμ„ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:29
can be a reliable source of additional income.
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μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ λΆ€μˆ˜μ  μˆ˜μž…μ›μ΄ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
With continued improvements in wind forecasting,
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λ°”λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 예츑, μ „λ ₯망 기반 μ‹œμ„€,
04:35
electrical grid infrastructure and energy storage,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ €μž₯ 기술이 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œμ„ λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:38
wind power might blow away all our energy problems.
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풍λ ₯은 λͺ¨λ“  μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 문제λ₯Ό 날렀버릴 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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