The infamous overpopulation bet: Simon vs. Ehrlich - Soraya Field Fiorio

566,970 views ใƒป 2021-08-31

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์€๋ฏผ ์ตœ ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
In 1980, two American professors bet $1,000
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1980๋…„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด
1,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
on a question with stakes that couldnโ€™t be higher:
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00:14
would the earth run out of resources to sustain a growing human population?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์›์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์˜€์ฃ .
00:19
One of them was Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž ํด ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
who wrote the bestselling 1968 book, โ€œThe Population Bomb.โ€
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1968๋…„์— ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ์ธ โ€˜์ธ๊ตฌ ํญํƒ„โ€™์„ ์ผ์ฃ .
00:27
The global population had grown rapidly since World War II,
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์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
00:30
and Ehrlich predicted that millions would starve to death
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์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:33
as the population increased faster than the food supply.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ตถ์–ด์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
He drew from the ideas of 18th century economist Thomas Malthus
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๊ทธ๋Š” 18์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ธ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ๋งฌ์„œ์Šค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
00:42
and related work from the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Malthus had posited that population growth,
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๋งฌ์„œ์Šค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:47
if unchecked over time, would always outpace food supply.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์•ž์„ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Through the 1970s, it seemed like Ehrlich was right:
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1970๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
famines, pollution, and political unrest
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๊ธฐ๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด
00:57
had many concerned that humanity was on the brink of such a crisis,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:01
and some governments considered and even implemented
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ œํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
policies to limit population growth.
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01:07
Betting against Ehrlich was Julian Simon, a professor of business and economics.
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์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
He analyzed historic data from around the world,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:15
and found no correlation between a growing population
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ €ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:18
and a decrease in standards of livingโ€”
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01:20
in fact, he found the opposite.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
He argued that Ehrlichโ€™s work, and that of Malthus before him,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ์•ž์„  ๋งฌ์„œ์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:27
was based on theoretical calculations,
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01:29
while the real-world data told a different story.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
But then, he departed from the data himself,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ณง ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
01:35
claiming human ingenuity would always find alternatives
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์ด
๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
to compensate for diminishing resources.
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01:41
If that seems overly optimistic to you, well, you're not alone.
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์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Ehrlich and other experts found Simonโ€™s claims preposterous.
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์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:51
In June 1980, Simon wrote a scathing article for Science Magazine
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1980๋…„ 6์›”, ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค์ง€์— ์‹ ๋ž„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ณ 
01:57
that incited a heated debate of published articles between the two men.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ด๋ค ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Simon said he should have placed a wager against Ehrlich years before,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „์— ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ
02:05
when Ehrlich ventured that,
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๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
โ€œEngland would not exist in the year 2000.โ€
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โ€œ2000๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€œ
02:11
Later that year, Simon called Ehrlich a false prophet
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๊ทธํ•ด ๋ง, ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
02:14
and challenged him to a bet.
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๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ๋„๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Their feud also touched on the debate
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹คํˆผ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
02:18
about whether to prioritize environmental protections or economic growth,
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:22
a key issue in the American presidential race
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋ฏธ ์นดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋กœ๋„๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์Ÿ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:25
between Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.
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02:28
After some debate, they set the final terms:
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์ข… ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
$200 on the price of each of five metals.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธˆ์†์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 200๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ 
02:36
If the price of the metal decreased or held steady over the next decade,
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๊ธˆ์† ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:40
Simon won.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ด ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ 
02:41
If the price increased, Ehrlich won.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Wait, what?
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์ž ๊น, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
02:46
Werenโ€™t we talking about overpopulation and famine?
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ž‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
02:49
What could the price of metals possibly have to do with that?
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๊ธˆ์† ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
02:52
Well, the reality is that the price of metals may not have been the best choiceโ€”
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธˆ์† ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
many factors impact these prices that have nothing to do with overpopulation.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ž‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—†๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ธˆ์† ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ฃ .
03:01
But their reasoning was as follows: metals are finite natural resources
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธˆ์†์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ธ๋ฐ
03:06
used in all sorts of manufacturing.
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03:08
Ehrlich believed a growing population would consume such finite resources,
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ 
03:12
and scarcity would drive the prices up.
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ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Simon thought humanity would find substitutes for the metals,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ
03:19
and the prices would stay stable or even decrease.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:23
So, what happened?
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:25
The world population continued to increase over the next 10 years,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
03:29
but the price of all five metals decreased,
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:32
making Simon the clear winner of a bet that may not have been a great proxy
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿํ–ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:36
for the question they were debating, anyway.
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03:39
As for the question itself, today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
03:42
their focus on overpopulation represent a snapshot of history.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ž‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Our understanding of what causes starvation and famine has progressed:
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๊ธฐ์•„์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
we have the resources to support a growing human population,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•  ์ž์›์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:53
but weโ€™re currently failing to distribute those resources equitably,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:57
and changing that should be our priority.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And we no longer see population size as a primary cause
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:03
of environmental degradation and climate change,
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04:06
or limiting population growth as a viable solution to these problems.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Rather, experts largely agree that our focus should be
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ
์ง€์†์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:14
on replacing unsustainable technologies and practices with sustainable ones,
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04:18
and that economic growth and environmental protections
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€
04:21
donโ€™t have to be at odds.
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์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
In October 1990, Julian Simon received a check from Paul Ehrlich.
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1990๋…„ 10์›”, ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ํด ์—๋ฅผ๋ฆฌํžˆ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
There was no note.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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