Why is cotton in everything? - Michael R. Stiff

2,286,591 views ใƒป 2020-01-23

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Nicole Lee-Wright ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:06
Centuries ago, the Inca developed ingenuous suits of armor
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์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „, ์ž‰์นด๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ๊ณผ ์ฒ ํ‡ด์˜ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€์—
00:11
that could flex with the blows of sharp spears and maces,
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์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํœ˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฐ‘์˜ท์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ ,
00:15
protecting warriors from even the fiercest physical attacks.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
These hardy structures were made not from iron or steel,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์‡ ์™€ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:24
but rather something unexpectedly soft: cotton.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
These thickly woven, layered quilts of cotton
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๋‘ํ…๊ฒŒ ์งœ์—ฌ์ ธ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ์†œ ๋ˆ„๋น” ์ฒœ์€
00:31
could distribute the energy from a blow across a large surface area,
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ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฅธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด,
00:36
shielding warriors without restricting their mobility.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
These seemingly contradictory featuresโ€”
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™ธ๊ฒฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค,
00:42
strength and flexibility, softness and durabilityโ€”
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์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›€๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€
00:46
have their roots in the intricate biology of the nearly invisible cotton fiber.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฉด ์„ฌ์œ  ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
These fibers begin life deep within a cotton flower,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ  ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ชฉํ™” ์•ˆ์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์ธ
00:56
on the surface of a seed.
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์”จ์•—์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
As many as 16,000 fibers will festoon a single seed,
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๋งŒ 6์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์€ ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์”จ์•—์„ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:03
bulging from the seedโ€™s surface like miniature water balloons.
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์ถ•์†ŒํŒ ๋ฌผํ’์„ ๋“ค๊ฐ™์ด ์”จ์•—์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค.
01:07
Each cotton fiber, no matter how large it grows,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฉด ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
01:10
is made of just one cell.
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์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
That cell has multiple layers of cell wall.
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๊ทธ ์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ ์ธต์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:16
After a few days, the sides of the first layer,
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๋ฉฐ์น  ๋’ค์—, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธต์˜ ๋ฉด๋“ค,
01:20
called the primary cell wall,
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์ผ์ฐจ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:22
stiffen, pushing cell growth in one direction
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ 
01:25
and causing the fiber to elongate.
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
The fiber elongates quickly for about 16 days.
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋žต 16์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Then it begins the next stage: strengthening the cell wall.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ฃ .
01:36
It does this by making more of the carbohydrate cellulose.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์˜ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
01:40
Cellulose will make up 34% of the cell wall at this stage
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์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์˜ 34%๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ 
01:45
and swiftly increases.
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
This new growth also reinforces the cell wall
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ
01:50
by going against the grain of the existing wall.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
The strengthened wall is more rigid, restricting further growth.
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๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด์ ธ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:58
That means if the fiber remodels its walls too early,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์žฌํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:01
it will be short,
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๊ทธ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์€ ์งง์•„ ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:02
and ultimately make rough, weak fabrics.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
But if cell wall strengthening begins too late,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:08
the wall wonโ€™t be sturdy enoughโ€”
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๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
02:10
producing fibers that are too weak to hold fabrics together well.
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์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ฝํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
In ideal growing conditionsโ€”
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์ ์ • ์˜จ๋„, ๋ฌผ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ, ๋ณ‘์ถฉํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€
02:17
with the right temperature, water, fertilizer, pest control, and lightโ€”
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น›์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ
02:23
a cotton fiber can grow up to 3.6 centimeters long
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๋ฉด ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋Š” 3.6 ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
with only a 25 micrometer width.
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๋„ˆ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ 25 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
02:32
Long, fine fibers can wrap around one another
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๋” ์งง๊ณ  ๋œ ๊ณ ์šด ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šด ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋“ค์€
02:35
better than shorter, less fine fibers,
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์Œ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
which means those long, fine fibers make stronger threads
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šด ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ .
02:41
that hang together better as fabric.
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์ง๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:44
Cotton with these qualities has diverse usesโ€”
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฉด์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
from soft textiles to the U.S. dollar bill,
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์˜ท๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€ํ๊นŒ์ง€,
02:50
which is 75% cotton.
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์ง€ํ์˜ 75%๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
The next crucial stage of the cotton fiberโ€™s growth
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๋ฉด ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
02:56
begins as it thickens its secondary cell wall
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์ด์ฐจ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:59
by depositing large quantities of cellulose into the secondary layer.
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์ด์ฐจ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ด์•„๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Cellulose goes on to make up over 90% of the fiberโ€™s weight.
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์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 90%์ด์ƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
The more cellulose that gets deposited,
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๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ง„ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก
03:10
the denser that secondary layer becomesโ€”
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์ด์ฐจ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ 
03:13
and this determines the strength of the final fiber.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ข… ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
This stage is essential for developing long-lasting material
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
for the likes of, say, a t-shirt.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:22
The garmentโ€™s capacity to withstand years of washing and wear
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋นจ๋ž˜์™€ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์˜๋ณต์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
03:26
is largely determined by the density of that secondary cell wall.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ฐจ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
On the other hand,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ท๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›€์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
03:31
its softness is strongly influenced by the length of the fiber,
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03:35
established with the remodeling of the primary wall layer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ฐจ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ ์ธต์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Finally, after about 50 days, the fiber is fully grown.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์•ฝ 50์ผ ํ›„์—, ๊ทธ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:44
The living matter within the cell dies off,
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์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฉธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:47
leaving behind only the cellulose.
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์˜ค์ง ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
The dried cotton seed pod, or boll, that surrounds the fibers cracks open,
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ธ์ธ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ ๋ชฉํ™”์”จ ๊ป์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ผฌํˆฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ
03:55
unveiling a burst of several thousand fiber cells in a fluffy mass.
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์†œํ„ธ์— ์‹ธ์ธ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
The thread-like fibers we seeโ€” thinner than a human hairโ€”
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋“ค์€
04:05
are the remains of those dense, dried out walls of cellulose.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฉธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Tens of thousands of these fibers spun into yarn
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์‹ค๋กœ ์งœ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ๋“ค์€
04:13
will go on to make everything from fabric, to coffee filters, diapers,
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์ง๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด, ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ, ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:17
and fishing nets.
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๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And with the help of modern science,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
04:21
cotton might soon be softer, stronger, and more resilient than ever
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๋ฉด์€ ๊ณง ๋” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
04:26
as researchers investigate how to optimize its growth
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์˜์–‘์š”์†Œ, ๋‚ ์”จ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ „ํ•™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ
04:29
based on nutrients, weather conditions, and genetics.
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๋ฉด์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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