The surprising reason birds sing - Partha P. Mitra

643,432 views ใƒป 2018-02-20

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sarah Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:10
This is a song sung by a brown thrasher.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋น ๊ท€์˜ ๋…ธ๋žซ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
But thatโ€™s just one of the thousand or more that it knows,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ, ํ˜น์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
and itโ€™s not the only avian virtuoso.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ช…์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
A wood thrush can sing two pitches at once.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ง€๋น ๊ท€๋Š” ๋‘ ์Œ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
A mockingbird can match the sounds around it, including car alarms.
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ํ‰๋‚ด์ง€๋น ๊ท€๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด์Œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And the Australian superb lyrebird
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ธˆ์กฐ๋Š”
๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€ ์ถค ์˜์‹์„ ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
has an incredible, elaborate song and dance ritual.
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00:41
These are just a few of the 4,000 species of songbirds.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 4,000์ข…์˜ ๋ช…๊ธˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Most birds produce short, simple calls,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์งง๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
but songbirds also have a repertoire of complex vocal patterns
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…๊ธˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋ ˆํผํ† ๋ฆฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:54
that help them attract mates,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง์„ ์œ ํ˜นํ•  ๋•Œ,
00:56
defend territory,
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์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋•Œ,
00:57
and strengthen their social bonds.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Each songbird species has its own distinct song patterns,
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๊ฐ ๋ช…๊ธˆ ์ข…์€ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:04
some with characteristic regional dialects.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํˆฌ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Experienced listeners can even distinguish individual birds by their unique songs.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
So how do birds learn these songs in the first place?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:18
How do they know to mimic the songs of their own species?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ข…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
Are they born knowing how to sing?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:25
A lot of what scientists know about bird song comes from studying zebra finches.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
A baby male zebra finch typically learns to sing from its father or other males,
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ,
01:36
starting while itโ€™s still a fledgling in the nest.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ฅ์ง€ ์† ์•„๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
First comes a sensory learning phase,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ต์œก ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ,
01:43
when the baby finch hears the songs sung around it and commits them to memory.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
The bird starts to vocalize during the motor learning phase,
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์šด๋™ ํ•™์Šต ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์•”๊ธฐํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
01:52
practicing until it can match the song it memorized.
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์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
As the bird learns, hearing the tutorโ€™s song over and over again
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:59
is helpfulโ€” up to a point.
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์ผ์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
If he hears it too many times, the imitation degradesโ€”
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
and the source matters.
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๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜ ์›์ฒœ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
If the song is played through a loudspeaker,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:09
he canโ€™t pick it up as easily.
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์ƒˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ตํžˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
But hide the same loudspeaker inside a toy painted to look like a zebra finch,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊พธ๋ฏผ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ์†์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:16
and his learning improves.
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์ƒˆ์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
What if the baby never hears another zebra finchโ€™s song?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:23
Interestingly enough, itโ€™ll sing anyway.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Isolated finches still produce what are called innate or isolate songs.
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
A specific tune might be taught,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ ์œจ์€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:34
but the instinct to sing seems to be hardwired into a songbirdโ€™s brain.
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๋…ธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ช…๊ธˆ์˜ ๋‡Œ ์†์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Innate songs sound different from the โ€œculturedโ€ songs
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๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด
02:42
learned from other finchesโ€”at first.
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
If isolated zebra finches start a new colony,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:48
the young birds pick up the isolate song from their parents.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
But the song changes from generation to generation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And after a few iterations,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋์—,
02:57
the melody actually starts to resemble
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๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•ผ์ƒ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€
02:59
the cultured songs sung by zebra finches in the wild.
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๋‹ฎ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Something about the learning process must be hardwired, too,
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋„๋Š”
03:07
drawing the birds towards the same song patterns again and again.
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ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This means that basic information about the zebra finch song
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธˆํ™”์กฐ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ง€์‹์ด
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:15
must be stored somewhere in its genome,
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03:18
imprinted there by millions of years of evolution.
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ „์ž์— ๊ฐ์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
At first, this might seem odd,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
as we usually think of genetic code as a source of biochemical or physical traits,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ƒํ™”ํ•™, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜•์งˆ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:29
not something like a behavior or action.
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03:31
But the two arenโ€™t fundamentally different;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
we can connect genomes to behavior through brain circuitry.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
The connection is noisy and quite complex.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์š”๋ž€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
It doesnโ€™t simply map single genes to single behaviors, but it exists.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„๋ช… ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Genomes contain codes for proteins that guide brain development,
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์œ ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋‡Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:50
such as molecules that guide the pathways of developing axons,
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์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถ•์‚ญ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:54
shaping distinct circuits.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋“ค์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Birdsโ€™ brains have so-called โ€œsong circuitsโ€
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š”
04:00
that are active when the birds sing.
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์†Œ์œ„ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
These circuits also respond to the song of a birdโ€™s own species
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์ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
์ž๊ธฐ ์ข…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์— ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
more strongly than to other speciesโ€™ songs.
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04:10
So the theory is that a birdโ€™s genes guide development of brain circuits
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š”
04:14
that relate to singing and the ability to learn songs.
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๋‡Œ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Then, exposure to songs shapes those neural circuits
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋กœ์˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ์€ ๊ทธ ์ข…์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋„๋ก
04:21
to produce the songs that are typical to that species.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Genetically encoded or innate behaviors arenโ€™t unique to songbirds.
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์€ ๋ช…๊ธˆ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Theyโ€™re widespread in the animal kingdom.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์™•๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Spectacular examples include
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ๋Š”
04:34
the long-distance migrations of monarch butterflies and salmon.
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์™•๋‚˜๋น„์™€ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
So what does this mean for humans?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:41
Are we also born with innate information written into our genomes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํšŒ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋•๋Š”
์œ ์ „์ž ์† ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
04:45
that helps shape our neural circuits,
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04:48
and ultimately results in something we know?
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:51
Could there be some knowledge
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ข…์—๋งŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŠน์ดํ•œ
04:53
that is unique and intrinsic to humans as a species?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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