The controversial origins of the Encyclopedia - Addison Anderson

457,437 views ใƒป 2016-02-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sujin Byeon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Denis Diderot left a dungeon outside Paris on November 3, 1749.
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๋ฐ๋‹ˆ ๋””๋“œ๋กœ๋Š” 1749๋…„ 11์›” 3์ผ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ ํ’€๋ ค๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
He'd had his writing burned in public before,
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์ด์ „์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:15
but this time, he'd gotten locked up under royal order
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์™•๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:18
for an essay about a philosopher's death bed rejection of God.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ข… ์ง์ „์— ์‹ ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
To free himself, Denis promised never to write things like that again.
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์„๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งน์„ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
So he got back to work on something a little like that,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:31
only way worse,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ข€ ๋” ํฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
and much bigger.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:34
In 1745, publisher Andrรฉ le Breton had hired Diderot
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1745๋…„, ์ถœํŒ์—…์ž ์•™๋“œ๋ ˆ ๋ฅด ๋ธŒ๋ฅดํ†ต๋Š” ๋””๋“œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:38
to adapt the English cyclopedia,
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์˜์–ดํŒ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „
00:41
or a universal dictionary of arts and sciences
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๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์‚ฌ์ „์„
00:45
for French subscribers.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
A broke writer, Diderot survived by translating,
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๋ฌด์ผํ‘ผ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ 
00:50
tutoring,
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ 
00:51
and authoring sermons for priests,
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์„ฑ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ต๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:53
and a pornographic novel once.
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ ํ”„๋กœ๋…ธ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Le Breton paired him with co-editor Jean le Rond d'Alembert,
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๋ฅด ๋ธŒ๋ฅดํ†ต์€ ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๋กœ์™€ ์žฅ ๋ฅด ๋กฑ ๋‹ฌ๋ž‘๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
a math genius found on a church doorstep as a baby.
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์žฅ ๋ฅด ๋กฑ ๋‹ฌ๋ž‘๋ฒ ๋ฅด ๊ฐ“๋‚œ์•„์ด ๋•Œ ๊ตํšŒ ๋ฌธ์•ž์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ฒœ์žฌ์˜€์ฃ .
01:02
Technical dictionaries, like the cyclopedia, weren't new,
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๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์ „์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์ „์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
01:05
but no one had attempted one publication covering all knowledge,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‹ด์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
so they did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:11
The two men organized the French Enlightenment's brightest stars
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:14
to produce the first encyclopedia,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
or rational dictionary of the arts, sciences, and crafts.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ชจ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:22
Assembling every essential fact and principle in, as it turned out,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
01:27
over 70,000 entries,
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7๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ œ์–ด์—
01:30
20,000,000 words
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2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ
01:32
in 35 volumes of text and illustrations
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ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ 35๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
created over three decades of researching,
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30๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:39
writing,
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๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ 
01:40
arguging,
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ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:41
smuggling,
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๋ฐ€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:42
backstabbing,
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๋ชจ๋žตํ•˜๊ณ 
01:43
law-breaking,
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์œ„๋ฒ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:44
and alphabetizing.
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์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
To organize the work,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:48
Diderot adapted Francis Bacon's "Classification of Knowledge"
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๋””๋“œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค ๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ์˜ ์ง€์‹ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
into a three-part system based on the mind's approaches to reality:
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:56
memory,
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๊ธฐ์–ต
01:57
reason,
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์ด์„ฑ
01:58
and imagination.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:00
He also emphasized the importance of commerce,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์—…
02:02
technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ 
02:03
and crafts,
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
poking around shops to study the tools and techniques of Parisian laborers.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
To spotlight a few of the nearly 150 philosoph contributers,
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150๋ช…์˜ ์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
02:14
Jean Jacques Rousseau, Diderot's close friend,
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๋””๋“œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€๋˜ ์žฅ ์žํฌ ๋ฃจ์†Œ๋Š”
02:17
wrote much of the music section in three months,
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์Œ์•… ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
02:20
and was never reimbursed for copy fees.
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์›๊ณ ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
His entry on political economy holds ideas he'd later develop further
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์ž…๋ถ€์—๋Š”
ํ›—๋‚  '์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ก '์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
in "The Social Contract."
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02:29
D'Alembert wrote the famous preliminary discourse,
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๋‹ฌ๋ž‘๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜์˜
02:32
a key statement of the French Enlightenment,
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์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฌธ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
championing independent investigative reasoning
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์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:37
as the path to progress.
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02:39
Louis de Jaucourt wrote a quarter of the encyclopedia,
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๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ 1/4์„ ์ €์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฃจ์ด ๋“œ ์ฃผ์ฝ”๋ฅด๋Š”
02:43
18,000 articles,
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1๋งŒ 8์ฒœ ํŽธ์˜ ๊ธ€
02:45
5,000,000 words,
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5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
02:46
unpaid.
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๋ฌด๋ณด์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ €์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Louis once spent 20 years writing a book on anatomy,
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๋ฃจ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™ ์ฑ…์„ 20๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ €์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:51
shipped it to Amsterdam to be published uncensored,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ด์—†์ด ์ถœํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘
02:53
and the ship sank.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์นจ๋ชฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:55
Voltaire contributed entries,
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๋ณผํ…Œ๋ฅด๋Š”
02:57
among them history,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ
02:58
elegance,
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๊ต์–‘
02:59
and fire.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ €์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Diderot's entries sometimes exhibit slight bias.
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๋””๋“œ๋กœ์˜ ์ €์ˆ ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
In "political authority," he dismantled the divine right of kings.
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'์ •์น˜๊ถŒ๋ ฅ'ํŽธ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™•๊ถŒ์‹ ์ˆ˜์„ค์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Under "citizen,"
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'์‹œ๋ฏผ' ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:10
he argued a state was strongest without great disparity in wealth.
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๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด์•ผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Not surprising from the guy who wrote poetry about mankind strangling its kings
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์‚ฌ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์™•์„ ๋ชฉ์กธ๋ผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
03:20
with the entrails of a priest.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So Diderot's masterpiece wasn't a hit with the king or highest priest.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋””๋“œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑธ์ž‘์€ ์™•๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ„ ์„ฑ์ง์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Upon release of the first two volumes,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์ด ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:29
Louie XV banned the whole thing but enjoyed his own copy.
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๋ฃจ์ด 15์„ธ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œ์ปธ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์žฅ๋ณธ์€ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Pope Clement XIII ordered it burned.
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๊ตํ™ฉ ํด๋ ˆ๋ฉ˜์Šค 13์„ธ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:37
It was "dangerous,"
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:38
"reprehensible,"
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๋น„๋‚œ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:40
as well as "written in French,"
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์˜
03:42
and in "the most seductive style."
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ํ˜น์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ฒด๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
He declared readers excommunicated
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๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:46
and wanted Diderot arrested on sight.
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๋””๋“œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
But Diderot kept a step ahead of being shut down,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋””๋“œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐœ ์•ž์„œ
03:52
smuggling proofs outside France for publication,
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์ถœํŒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋นผ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ
03:55
and getting help from allies in the French Regime,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ฒด์ œ ๋‚ด ๋™๋งน๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
including the King's mistress, Madame de Pompadour,
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๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์™•์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์ธ ๋งˆ๋‹ด ํํŒŒ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณผ
04:01
and the royal librarian and censor, Malesherbes,
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์™•์‹ค ์‚ฌ์„œ์ด์ž ๊ฒ€์—ด๊ด€์ธ ๋ง์ œ๋ฅด๋ธŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:05
who tipped Diderot off to impending raids,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋””๋“œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์Šต์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ท€๋”ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:07
and even hid Diderot's papers at his dad's house.
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๋””๋“œ๋กœ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ง‘์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Still, he faced years of difficulty.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์†์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
D'Alembert dropped out.
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๋‹ฌ๋ž‘๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†์„ ๋—๊ณ 
04:15
Rousseau broke off his friendship over a line in a play.
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๋ฃจ์†Œ์™€์˜ ์นœ๋ถ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋์ด ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
04:18
Worse yet, his publisher secretly edited some proofs
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ถœํŒ์—…์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด
๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋œ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
to read less radically.
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04:25
The uncensored pages reappeared in Russia in 1933,
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๋ฌด๊ฒ€์—ด๋ณธ์€ 1933๋…„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:30
long after Diderot had considered the work finished
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์ด๋Š” ๋””๋“œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—…์„ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:32
and died at lunch.
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ์ฐธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
The encyclopedia he left behind is many things:
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
a cornerstone of the Enlightenment,
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๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ดˆ์„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:40
a testament to France's crisis of authority,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์™•๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:43
evidence of popular opinions migration from pulpit and pew
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์„ค๊ต๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋„์„์—์„œ
04:48
to cafe, salon, and press.
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์นดํŽ˜์™€ ์‚ด๋กฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
It even has recipes.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:53
It's also irrepressibly human,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
as you can tell from Diderot's entry about a plant named aguaxima.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด '๋ฒ”์ฒœํ™”'๋ผ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผํŽธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์‹ ์–ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:00
Read it yourself, preferably out loud in a French accent.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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