The race to decode a mysterious language - Susan Lupack

800,959 views ・ 2020-07-14

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
In the early 1900s on the island of Crete,
0
6600
3030
1900λ…„λŒ€ 초 ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 섬,
00:09
British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans uncovered nearly 3,000 tablets
1
9630
4542
영ꡭ κ³ κ³ ν•™μž μ•„μ„œ μ—λ²ˆμŠ€ 경이
μ΄μƒν•œ 문양이 μƒˆκ²¨μ§„ μ ν† νŒμ„ μ•½ μ‚Όμ²œ 개 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
inscribed with strange symbols.
2
14172
2490
00:16
He thought these symbols represented the language spoken
3
16662
2770
κ·ΈλŠ” 이 문양이 μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 였래된 λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 언어라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
by Europe’s oldest civilization.
4
19432
2490
00:21
Their meaning would elude scholars for 50 years.
5
21922
4000
μ˜€μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 문자의 μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λ₯Ό ν‘ΈλŠ” 데 골λͺ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Evans discovered these tablets amid the colorful frescoes
6
25922
3291
μ—λ²ˆμŠ€κ°€ 이 νŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 곳은
ν¬λ…Έμ†ŒμŠ€ κΆμ „μ˜ ν™”λ €ν•œ ν”„λ ˆμŠ€μ½”ν™”μ™€ 미둜 같은 볡도 μ‚¬μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
and maze-like hallways of the palace of Knossos.
7
29213
3640
00:32
He called the civilization Minoanβ€”
8
32853
2550
κ·ΈλŠ” 이 λ¬Έλͺ…을 λ―Έλ…Έμ•ˆμ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €λŠ”λ°,
00:35
after the mythical Cretan ruler, King Minos.
9
35403
3380
μ‹ ν™”μ˜ ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ ν†΅μΉ˜μžμΈ λ―Έλ…ΈμŠ€ μ™•μ˜ 이름을 λ”΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
He thought the script, dubbed Linear B, represented the Minoan language,
10
38783
4556
κ·ΈλŠ” μ„ λ¬Έμž B라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμžκ°€ λ―Έλ…Έμ•„ λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 언어라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆκ³ ,
00:43
and scholars all over the world came up with their own theories.
11
43339
4007
μ „ 세계 ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ €λ§ˆλ‹€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ‚΄λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Was it the lost language of the Etruscans?
12
47346
2590
μ—νŠΈλ£¨λ¦¬μ•„μΈμ˜ 사라진 μ–Έμ–΄μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:49
Or perhaps it represented an early form of Basque?
13
49936
3460
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ°”μŠ€ν¬μ–΄μ˜ 초기 ν˜•νƒœμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:53
The mystery intensified because Evans guarded the tablets closely––
14
53396
4000
μ—λ°˜μŠ€κ°€ νŒμ„ 꽁꽁 숨겼기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜λ¬Έμ μ€ 컀져만 κ°”λŠ”λ°
00:57
only 200 of the inscriptions were published during his lifetime––
15
57396
3660
평생 λ™μ•ˆ 단지 이백 μž₯만 κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμ„ μ •λ„μ˜€μ£ .
01:01
but he couldn’t decipher the script.
16
61056
2300
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŠ” ν•΄λ…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
However, he did make two accurate observations:
17
63356
3880
그런데, κ·ΈλŠ” 두 가지 μ •ν™•ν•œ 관찰을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
the tablets were administrative records, and the script was a syllabary,
18
67236
4120
μ ν† νŒμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ€ ν–‰μ • κΈ°λ‘μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , κΈ€μžλŠ” 음절 문자 체계λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ„œ
01:11
where each symbol represented both a consonant and a vowel,
19
71356
3450
각각의 κΈ°ν˜ΈλŠ” 자음과 λͺ¨μŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³ ,
01:14
mixed with characters that each represented a whole word.
20
74806
3590
κΈ€μžκ°€ μ„œλ‘œ λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ 단어λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Evans worked on Linear B for three decades before a scholar from Brooklyn, New York,
21
78396
5330
μ—λ°˜μŠ€κ°€ μ„ λ¬Έμž Bλ₯Ό μ‚Όμ‹­ λ…„κ°„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ λ‹€μŒμ—
λ‰΄μš• 브루클린의 μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€ 코버가
01:23
named Alice Kober set out to solve the mystery.
22
83726
3520
수수께끼λ₯Ό ν’€λ €κ³  λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Kober was a professor of Classics at Brooklyn College
23
87246
3200
μ½”λ²„λŠ” 브루클린 λŒ€ν•™ κ³ μ „ν•™ ꡐ수둜
01:30
when few women held such positions.
24
90446
3050
λ‹Ήμ‹œλ‘œλŠ” λ“œλ¬Έ μ—¬μ„±μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
To help in her quest, she taught herself many languages––
25
93496
3400
μžμ‹ μ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ…ν•™ν•˜λ©°
01:36
knowledge she knew she would need to decipher Linear B.
26
96896
3330
μ„ λ¬Έμž B 해독에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 지식을 λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
For the next two decades, she analyzed the symbols.
27
100226
3710
κ·Έ ν›„ 이십 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 문자λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Working from the few available inscriptions,
28
103936
2500
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ μ‘°κΈˆμ—μ„œ
01:46
she recorded how often each symbol appeared.
29
106436
3030
각 κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Then she recorded how frequently each symbol appeared next to another.
30
109466
3800
그리고 각 κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 기호 μ˜†μ— μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
She stored her findings on scrap paper in cigarette cartons
31
113266
3420
이차 μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆμ€ ν•„κΈ° μš©ν’ˆμ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ„œ
01:56
because writing supplies were scarce during the Second World War.
32
116686
3710
연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό νŒŒμ§€μ— 적어 담뱃갑에 λͺ¨μ•„λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
By analyzing these frequencies,
33
120396
1760
이 λΉˆλ„λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨,
02:02
she discovered that Linear B relied on word endings
34
122156
3090
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„ λ¬Έμž Bκ°€ μ–΄λ―Έλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
to give its sentences grammar.
35
125246
1900
02:07
From this she began to build a chart of the relations between the signs,
36
127146
4100
μ΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ¬Έμžλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 관계도λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:11
coming closer than anyone before to deciphering Linear B.
37
131246
4000
λˆ„κ΅¬λ³΄λ‹€λ„ μ„ λ¬Έμž B 해독에 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ‹€κ°€μ„œκ²Œ 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
But she died, probably of cancer, in 1950 at the age of 43.
38
135246
5684
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 1950λ…„ λ§ˆν” 셋에 μ•”μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
While Kober was analyzing the Knossos tablets,
39
140930
2600
코버가 ν¬λ…Έμ†ŒμŠ€ νŒμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ,
02:23
an architect named Michael Ventris was also working to crack Linear B.
40
143530
4700
마이클 λ²€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€λΌλŠ” 건좕가도 μ„ λ¬Έμž B 해독에 νž˜μ“°κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
He had become obsessed with Linear B as a schoolboy after hearing Evans speak.
41
148230
5160
κ·ΈλŠ” 학생 λ•Œ μ—λ²ˆμŠ€μ˜ 강연을 λ“£κ³  μ„ λ¬Έμž B에 λΉ μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
He even worked on deciphering the script while serving in World War II.
42
153390
4596
심지어 이차 μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ μ°Έμ „ 쀑에도 해독에 νž˜μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
After the war, Ventris built on Kober’s grid
43
157986
2990
μ’…μ „ ν›„, λ²€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” μ½”λ²„μ˜ ν‘œμ—
02:40
using a newly published cache of Linear B inscriptions
44
160976
3240
또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„ λ¬Έμž B νŒμ—μ„œ 얻은 정보λ₯Ό λŒ€μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
excavated from a different archeological site called Pylos, on mainland Greece.
45
164216
5283
그리슀 λ³Έν† μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³ κ³ ν•™ μœ μ μ§€μΈ νŒŒμΌλ‘œμŠ€μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œ 발견된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
His real breakthrough came when he compared the tablets from Pylos
46
169499
3410
그의 본격적인 λŒνŒŒκ΅¬λŠ” 파일둜슀 판과 ν¬λ…Έμ†ŒμŠ€ νŒμ„ 비ꡐ해
02:52
with those from Knossos
47
172909
1600
02:54
and saw that certain words appeared on tablets from one site but not the other.
48
174509
5133
ν•˜λ‚˜μ—λŠ” μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμ—λŠ” λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œ λ°μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
He wondered if those words represented the names of places
49
179642
3150
κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έ 단어듀이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 것이
각 지역에 μžˆλŠ” μ§€μ—­μ˜ 이름일 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΈ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
specific to each location.
50
182792
2470
03:05
He knew that over centuries, place names tend to remain constant,
51
185262
3830
κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ‡ λ°± λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ, 지역 이름이 변함없이 μœ μ§€λœ 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
03:09
and decided to compare Linear B
52
189092
1700
ν‚€ν”„λ‘œμŠ€ μ„¬μ˜ κ³ λŒ€ 음절 λ¬Έμžμ™€ μ„ λ¬Έμž Bλ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
to an ancient syllabary from the island of Cyprus.
53
190792
3794
03:14
The Cypriot script was used hundreds of years after Linear B,
54
194586
3950
ν‚€ν”„λ‘œμŠ€ λ¬ΈμžλŠ” μ„ λ¬Έμž Bλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 수백 년이 μ§€λ‚œ 후에 μ‚¬μš©λœ λ¬Έμžμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
03:18
but some of the symbols were similarβ€”
55
198536
2060
λͺ‡λͺ‡ κΈ€μžλŠ” λͺ¨μ–‘이 λΉ„μŠ·ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
he wondered if the sounds would be similar, too.
56
200596
2750
κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, λ°œμŒλ„ μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„μŠ·ν• μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
When Ventris plugged some of the sounds of the Cypriot syllabary
57
203346
3180
λ²€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€κ°€ ν‚€ν”„λ‘œμŠ€ 문자 μΌλΆ€μ˜ λ°œμŒμ„
03:26
into the Linear B inscriptions,
58
206526
1900
μ„ λ¬Έμž B에 λŒ€μž…ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
03:28
he came up with the word Knossos,
59
208426
2190
μ—λ°˜μŠ€κ°€ νŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ λ„μ‹œμΈ ν¬λ…Έμ†ŒμŠ€λž€ 단어와 λ§ˆμ£Όμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
the name of the city where Evans had discovered his tablets.
60
210616
3800
03:34
In a domino effect, Ventris unraveled Linear B,
61
214416
3380
도미노가 λ„˜μ–΄μ§€λ“―μ΄ λ²€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” μ°¨λ‘€μ°¨λ‘€ μ„ λ¬Έμž Bλ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄λƒˆλŠ”λ°,
03:37
with each word revealing more clearly that the language of Linear B
62
217796
3645
각 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” λ―Έλ…Έμ•„μ–΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ–΄λΌλŠ” 것이 더 λͺ…ν™•ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
was not Minoan, but Greek.
63
221441
2780
03:44
Ventris died in a car crash four years later, at the age of 34.
64
224221
4519
사 λ…„ ν›„ λ²€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” μ„œλ₯Έλ„€ 살에 ꡐ톡 μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜,
03:48
But his discovery rewrote a chapter of history.
65
228740
3660
그의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 역사λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Evans had insisted that the Minoans conquered the mainland Greeks,
66
232400
3500
μ—λ°˜μŠ€λŠ” λ―Έλ…ΈμŠ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그리슀 λ³Έν† λ₯Ό μ •λ³΅ν–ˆκ³ ,
03:55
and that was why examples of Linear B were found on the mainland.
67
235900
3490
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ„ λ¬Έμž Bκ°€ λ³Έν† μ—μ„œ 발견된 것이라고 μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
But the discovery that Linear B represented Greek, and not Minoan,
68
239390
3740
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„ λ¬Έμž Bκ°€ λ―Έλ…Έμ•„μ–΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ–΄λΌλŠ” λ°œκ²¬μ€
λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
showed that the opposite had happened:
69
243130
2000
04:05
mainland Greeks invaded Crete and adopted the Minoan script for their own language.
70
245130
5109
κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ΄ ν¬λ ˆνƒ€λ₯Ό μΉ¨λž΅ν•˜κ³ 
λ―Έλ…Έμ•„μ–΄λ₯Ό κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ μ±„νƒν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
But the story isn’t over yet.
71
250239
2450
그런데 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 끝이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
The actual language of the Minoans,
72
252689
2200
μ‹€μ œ λ―Έλ…ΈμŠ€μ˜ 언어인,
04:14
represented by another script called Linear A,
73
254889
2950
μ„ λ¬Έμž AλΌλŠ” λ¬ΈμžλŠ”
04:17
has yet to be deciphered.
74
257839
2040
아직 ν•΄λ…λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  수수께끼둜 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
It remains a mysteryβ€” at least for now.
75
259879
3423
적어도 μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λŠ”μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7