Could the Earth be swallowed by a black hole? - Fabio Pacucci

1,020,101 views ・ 2018-09-20

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kevin Park κ²€ν† : Minjeong Lee
00:06
From asteroids capable of destroying entire species,
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ν•œ μ’…μ‘± 전체λ₯Ό λ©Έμ’…μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ†Œν–‰μ„±λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
00:10
to gamma-ray bursts and supernovae that could exterminate life on Earth,
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κ°λ§ˆμ„  폭발과 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…체λ₯Ό λ©Έμ’…μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ΄ˆμ‹ μ„±κΉŒμ§€
00:16
outer space has no shortage of forces that could wreak havoc on our tiny planet.
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우주 κ³΅κ°„μ—λŠ” 이 μž‘μ€ 행성을 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•΄ 버릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 힘이 μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
But there’s something in space
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ£Όμ—λŠ”
00:24
that seems more terrifying than any of these –
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이 쀑 κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 것보닀 λ¬΄μ„œμš°λ©°
주변에 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 μ—†μ• λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 무언가가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
something that wipes out everything it comes near.
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00:31
Could the Earth be swallowed by a black hole?
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지ꡬ가 λΈ”λž™ν™€μ— λΉ¨λ €λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:36
A black hole is an object so dense
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄λž€ 밀도가 높은 물체둜
00:39
that space and time around it are inescapably modified,
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μ£Όλ³€μ˜ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ λ³€ν˜•μ‹œν‚€λ©° μ†μœΌλ‘œ 끝없이 λΉ¨μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
warped into an infinite sink.
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00:46
Nothing, not even light, can move fast enough
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 물체도, μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” λΉ› μ‘°μ°¨ 빨리 움직여
00:50
to escape a black hole’s gravitational pull
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ˜ 쀑λ ₯을 λ²—μ–΄λ‚  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
once it passes a certain boundary,
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일단 μ „ν™˜μ μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” 경계선을 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄μš”.
00:56
known as the event horizon.
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00:58
Thus, a black hole is like a cosmic vacuum cleaner with infinite capacity,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ λ¬΄ν•œν•œ 힘의 우주 μ§„κ³΅μ²­μ†ŒκΈ° κ°™μ•„μ„œ
01:03
gobbling up everything in its path, and letting nothing out.
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μ£Όλ³€ κ²½λ‘œμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 집어삼킀고 아무것도 내보내지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
To determine whether a black hole could swallow the Earth,
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄ 지ꡬλ₯Ό 삼킬 수 μžˆλŠ” 지 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ €λ©΄
01:12
we first have to figure out where they are.
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μš°μ„  λΈ”λž™ν™€μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ 빛을 내보내지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ° μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:15
But since they don’t emit light, how’s that possible?
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01:18
Fortunately, we’re able to observe their effect on the space around them.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄ 주변에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
When matter approaches a black hole,
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ν•œ 물질이 λΈ”λž™ν™€ 주변에 λ‹€κ°€κ°€λ©΄
01:25
the immense gravitational field accelerates it to high speed.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ νž˜μ„ 가진 쀑λ ₯μž₯이 κ·Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ•„μ£Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κ°€μ†μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
This emits an enormous amount of light.
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μ΄λ•Œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 빛이 방좜되죠.
01:33
And for objects too far away to be sucked in,
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빨렀듀어가기에 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 멀리 μžˆλŠ” 물체에
01:35
the massive gravitational force still affects their orbits.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 쀑λ ₯이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ ꢀ도에 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
If we observe several stars orbiting around an apparently empty point,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 별이
ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 빈 곡간을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ νšŒμ „ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
01:45
a black hole could be leading the dance.
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κ·Έ μš΄λ™μ˜ 쀑심에 λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
Similarly, light that passes close enough to an event horizon
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이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ
빛이 μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 지평선에 κ·Όμ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ§€λ‚˜κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
01:52
will be deflected in a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.
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κ·Έ 빛은 쀑λ ₯ 렌즈라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ ν˜„μƒμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 휘게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Most of the black holes that we’ve found can be thought of as two main types.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
주둜 두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
The smaller ones, called stellar mass black holes,
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ν•­μ„±μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 비ꡐ적 μž‘μ€ 것듀은
02:05
have a mass up to 100 times larger than that of our sun.
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νƒœμ–‘μ˜ 100λ°°κ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
They’re formed when a massive star consumes all its nuclear fuel
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이듀은 μ΄ˆλŒ€ν˜• 항성이 λͺ¨λ‘ μ—°μ†Œλœ ν›„
02:14
and its core collapses.
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핡심 λΆ•κ΄΄κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
We’ve observed several of these objects as close as 3000 light-years away,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ 3천 κ΄‘λ…„ κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œλ„ λͺ‡ 번 κ΄€μΈ‘λœ 적이 있으며
02:22
and there could be up to 100 million small black holes
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μž‘μ€ λΈ”λž™ν™€λ“€μ€ 우리 μ€ν•˜μ—λ§Œ
02:26
just in the Milky Way galaxy.
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1μ–΅ 개 정도 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
So should we be worried?
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•΄μ•Ό λ κΉŒμš”?
02:31
Probably not.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Despite their large mass,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ§ˆλŸ‰μ΄ 큼에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:34
stellar black holes only have a radius of around 300 kilometers or less,
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ν•­μ„±μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€λ“€μ˜ λ°˜κ²½μ€ 300km 이내이고
02:40
making the chances of a direct hit with us miniscule.
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μ΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ™€ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ©λŒν•  ν™•λ₯ μ„ μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ κ°’μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Although because their gravitational fields
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ˜ 쀑λ ₯μž₯은 μ•„μ£Ό 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έμžˆλ”λΌλ„
02:46
can affect a planet from a large distance,
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ν•œ 행성에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:48
they could be dangerous even without a direct collision.
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직접적인 좩돌이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ μœ„ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
If a typical stellar-mass black hole were to pass in the region of Neptune,
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λ§Œμ•½ 일반적인 크기의 ν•­μ„±μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄
ν•΄μ™•μ„± 주변을 μ§€λ‚œλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
02:57
the orbit of the Earth would be considerably modified,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ κΆ€λ„λŠ” κ½€ 많이 변경될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
with dire results.
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λ”μ°ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜λ©° 말이죠.
03:03
Still, the combination of how small they are and how vast the galaxy is
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ 맀우 μž‘μœΌλ©° 우주의 ν¬κΈ°λŠ” ꡉμž₯히 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:08
means that stellar black holes don’t give us much to worry about.
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ν•­μ„±μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 크게 κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
But we still have to meet the second type:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ΄ 있죠.
03:14
supermassive black holes.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄ˆλŒ€μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
These have masses millions or billions times greater than that of our sun
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이듀은 우리 νƒœμ–‘μ˜ μˆ˜μ‹­, μˆ˜λ°±μ–΅ λ°° μ΄μƒμ˜
μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ 가지고 있고
03:22
and have event horizons that could span billions of kilometers.
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λ²”μœ„κ°€ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°μΈ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 지평선을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
These giants have grown to immense proportions
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이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 물체듀은 λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ„ 집어삼킀고
03:30
by swallowing matter and merging with other black holes.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λΈ”λž™ν™€κ³Ό 합쳐지며 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ 크기가 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Unlike their stellar cousins,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚¬μ΄ŒμΈ ν•­μ„±μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
03:36
supermassive black holes aren’t wandering through space.
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μ΄ˆλŒ€μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€λ“€μ€ 우주 곡간을 λ– λ„λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
03:39
Instead, they lie at the center of galaxies, including our own.
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우리 μ€ν•˜λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ€ν•˜κ³„λ“€μ˜ 쀑심에 놓여 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Our solar system is in a stable orbit around a supermassive black hole
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우리 νƒœμ–‘κ³„λŠ” 우리 μ€ν•˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ”
μ΄ˆλŒ€μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€ μ£Όμœ„μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ ꢀ도λ₯Ό 돌고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
that resides at the center of the Milky Way,
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03:53
at a safe distance of 25,000 light-years.
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2만 5천 κ΄‘λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 거리λ₯Ό λ‘κ³ μ„œ 말이죠.
03:57
But that could change.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŠ” λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
If our galaxy collides with another,
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λ§Œμ•½ 우리 μ€ν•˜κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€ν•˜μ™€ μΆ©λŒν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:01
the Earth could be thrown towards the galactic center,
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μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” μ€ν•˜κ³„μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λΆ€λ‘œ 던져져
04:04
close enough to the supermassive black hole
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μ΄ˆλŒ€μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ— λΉ¨λ €λ“€ 수 μžˆμ„λ§ŒνΌ
04:06
to be eventually swallowed up.
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κ°€κΉŒμ›Œ 질 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
In fact, a collision with the Andromeda Galaxy
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사싀 μ•ˆλ“œλ‘œλ©”λ‹€ μ€ν•˜μ™€μ˜ 좩돌이
04:12
is predicted to happen 4 billion years from now,
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μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 40μ–΅ λ…„ 후에 일어날 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 예츑이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
04:16
which may not be great news for our home planet.
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우리 ν–‰μ„±μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 그닀지 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ μ†Œμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
But before we judge them too harshly,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ λ‚˜μ˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
04:22
black holes aren’t simply agents of destruction.
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ κ·Έμ € 파괴만 ν•˜λŠ” 물질이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
They played a crucial role in the formation of galaxies,
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ μ€ν•˜κ°€ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
the building blocks of our universe.
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우리 우주의 ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
04:31
Far from being shadowy characters in the cosmic play,
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λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ μš°μ£ΌλΌλŠ” ν•œ μ—°κ·Ήμ—μ„œ κ·Έ 역할이 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
04:35
black holes have fundamentally contributed
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사싀 λΈ”λž™ν™€μ€ 우주λ₯Ό 밝고 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 곳으둜 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
04:37
in making the universe a bright and astonishing place.
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핡심적인 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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