How do pregnancy tests work? - Tien Nguyen

9,379,722 views ・ 2015-07-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seoyun Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
The earliest known pregnancy test dates back to 1350 BC in Ancient Egypt.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ°€μž₯ 였래된 μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ”
기원전 1350년에 μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
According to the Egyptians,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈμ˜ μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬ 방법은
00:14
all you have to do is urinate on wheat and barley seeds, and wait.
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λ°€κ³Ό 보리의 싹에 μ†Œλ³€μ„ λ³Έ λ’€ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
If either sprouts, congratulations, you're pregnant!
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λ§Œμ•½ λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μ„œ 싹이 νŠΌλ‹€λ©΄, 당신은 μž„μ‹ ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And if wheat sprouts faster, it's a girl, but if barley, it's a boy.
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λ˜ν•œ, 빨리 μžλž€ 것이 밀이라면 λ”Έ, 보리라면 아듀을 μž„μ‹ ν•œ 것이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
In 1963, a small study reproduced this test
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1963년에 이 검사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•΄λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό,
00:32
and found that it predicted pregnancy with a respectable 70% accuracy,
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이 κ²€μ‚¬μ˜ μ μ€‘μœ¨μ΄ 70%λ‚˜ 됨을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
though it couldn't reliably tell the sex of the baby.
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μ•„κΈ°μ˜ 성별은 λ§žμΆ”μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 말이죠.
00:40
Scientists hypothesized that the test worked
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 검사가 μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 이유λ₯Ό
00:43
because pregnant women's urine contains more estrogen,
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μ”¨μ•—μ˜ μ„±μž₯을 μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œν‚¨ μ—μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œκ²μ΄
00:46
which can promote seed growth.
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μž„μ‹  μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μ†Œλ³€μ— 더 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Now it's easy to take this ancient method for granted
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ 이 고전적인 방식을 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
because modern pregnancy tests give highly accurate results within minutes.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν˜„λŒ€ μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „λ³΄λ‹€ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ³  빨리 이루어지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
So how do they work?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, ν˜„λŒ€ μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
00:59
Over-the-counter pregnancy tests are all designed to detect one thing:
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό νƒμ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
a hormone called HCG.
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λ°”λ‘œ HCGλΌλŠ” 호둜λͺ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
HCG is produced in the earliest stages of pregnancy
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HCGλŠ” μž„μ‹  μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μƒμ„±λ˜κ³ ,
01:09
and starts a game of telephone
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λͺΈμ— μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•΄μ„œ,
01:10
that tells the body not to shed the inner lining of the uterus that month.
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κ·Έ λ‹¬μ˜ 월경이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
As the pregnancy progresses,
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μž„μ‹ ν•œ λ’€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄,
01:16
HCG supports the formation of the placenta,
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HCGλŠ” νƒœλ°˜μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ„ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
which transfers nutrients from mother to fetus.
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이 νƒœλ°˜μ€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ„ νƒœμ•„μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 역할을 ν•˜μ£ .
01:23
The test starts when urine is applied to the exposed end of the strip.
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κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” λ§‰λŒ€μ˜ 끝뢀뢄을 μ†Œλ³€μœΌλ‘œ μ μ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
As the fluid travels up the absorbent fibers,
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μ†Œλ³€μ€ ν‘μˆ˜μ„±μ΄ κ°•ν•œ μ„¬μœ λ₯Ό 따라 μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³ ,
01:30
it will cross three separate zones, each with an important task.
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μ„Έ 개의 ꡬ역을 ν†΅κ³Όν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 과정은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
01:35
When the wave hits the first zone, the reaction zone,
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μ†Œλ³€μ΄ 첫번째 ꡬ역인 λ°˜μ‘ ꡬ역을 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
01:38
Y-shaped proteins called antibodies will grab onto any HCG.
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항체라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” Yμžν˜•μ˜ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ HCG듀을 λͺ¨λ‘ μž‘μ•„λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Attached to these antibodies is a handy enzyme
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이 항체듀에 λΆ™μ–΄μžˆλŠ” νš¨μ†ŒλŠ” κ½€λ‚˜ μœ μš©ν•΄μ„œ
01:47
with the ability to turn on dye molecules, which will be crucial later down the road.
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λΆ„μžλ“€μ˜ 색을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 있으며, 바뀐 색은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Then the urine picks up all the AB1 enzymes
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그리고 μ†Œλ³€μ€ AB1νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό
01:56
and carries them to the test zone, which is where the results show up.
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κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ κ΅¬μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 데리고 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Secured to this zone are more Y-shaped antibodies
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이 κ΅¬μ—­μ—λŠ” Yμžν˜• λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 더 λ§Žμ•„μ„œ
02:03
that will also stick to HCG on one of its five binding sites.
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HCGλ₯Ό 5개의 ꡬ역쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— μž‘μ•„λ‘κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Scientists call this type of test a sandwich assay.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 검사λ₯Ό μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
If HCG is present, it gets sandwiched between the AB1 enzyme and AB2,
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λ§Œμ•½ HCGκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, νš¨μ†Œ AB1, AB2 사이에 끼게 되며
02:19
and sticks to the test zone,
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ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ ꡬ역에 λ‹¬λΌλΆ™κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
allowing the attached dye-activating enzyme to do its job
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그리고 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€ μ—Όλ£Œλ₯Ό λ‚΄λΏœμœΌλ©°
02:24
and create a visible pattern.
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λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μ–‘을 λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
If there's no HCG, the wave of urine and enzymes just passes on by.
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λ§Œμ•½ HCGκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄, μ†Œλ³€κ³Ό νš¨μ†Œλ“€μ€ ꡬ역을 κ·Έλƒ₯ ν†΅κ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Finally, there's one last stop to make, the control zone.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œλ³€μ€ ν†΅μ œ ꡬ역을 μ§€λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:36
As in any good experiment,
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쒋은 μ‹€ν—˜λ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ,
02:38
this step confirms that the test is working properly.
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이 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈκ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ κ²€μ¦ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Whether the AB1 enzymes never saw HCG,
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AB1 νš¨μ†Œκ°€ HCGλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚œ 적이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜,
02:44
or they're extras because Zone 1 is overstocked with them,
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여뢄일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 지역 1은 κ³Όμž‰ κ³΅κΈ‰λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
all the unbound AB1 enzymes picked up in Zone 1 should end up here
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지역 1μ—μ„œ 골라진 λͺ¨λ“  ν•΄λ°©λœ AB1 νš¨μ†Œλ“€μ€ 그곳에 머물게 되며
02:53
and activate more dye.
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염색을 더 ν™œμ„±ν™” ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
So if no pattern appears, that indicates that the test was faulty.
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λ§Œμ•½ νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ 보여지지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ‹œν—˜μ΄ 잘λͺ»λ¬λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
These tests are pretty reliable, but they're not failproof.
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이 μ‹œν—˜μ€ κ½€λ‚˜ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ‹€νŒ¨ν• λ¦¬κ°€ μ—†λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
For instance, false negatives can occur
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, κ±°μ§“μŒμ„±μ€ 일어날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
if concentrations of HCG aren't high enough for detection.
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λ§Œμ•½ HCG의 농도가 감지될 μ •λ„λ‘œ 높지 μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
03:09
After implantation, HCG levels double every two to three days,
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착상 이후, HCG λ ˆλ²¨μ€ μ΄ν‹€μ—μ„œ 삼일 κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ 두배가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
so it may just be too early to tell.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 결정짓기에 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 이λ₯Έ 것 일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
And beverages can dilute the urine sample,
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그리고 μŒλ£ŒλŠ” μ†Œλ³€ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ 묽게 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
which is why doctors recommend taking the test first thing in the morning.
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 아침에 첫번째둜 μž„μ‹ κ²€μ‚¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μΆ”μ²œν•˜μ£ .
03:22
On the other hand, false positives can come from other sources of HCG,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”, 거짓 μŒμ„±μ€ HCG의 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·Όμ›μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
like IVF injections, ectopic pregnancies,
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IVF μ£Όμ‚¬λ‚˜ 자ꢁ μ™Έ μž„μ‹ ,
03:30
or certain cancers such as uterine cancer or testicular cancer,
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λ˜λŠ” μžκΆμ•”μ΄λ‚˜ κ³ ν™˜μ•”μ²˜λŸΌ λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ 암에 μ˜ν•˜μ—¬
03:34
making it possible for one of these tests to tell a man he's pregnant.
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남성이 μž„μ‹ ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 결과도 λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 있죠.
03:39
The best way for a woman to find out for sure is at the doctor's office.
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여성이 κ°€μž₯ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법은 μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ μ°Ύμ•„κ°€λŠ” 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
The doctors are also looking for HCG,
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€λ„ HCGλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
but with tests that are more sensitive and quantitative,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 더 μ„Έμ‹¬ν•˜κ³  양적이죠.
03:49
which means they can determine the exact level of HCG in your blood.
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그럼으둜 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ ν”Ό μ†μ˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ HCG λ ˆλ²¨μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 있죠.
03:54
A few minutes can feel like forever
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μž„μ‹  검사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 기닀릴 λ•ŒλŠ”
03:56
when you're waiting on the results of a pregnancy test.
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λͺ‡ 뢄이 평생같이 느껴질 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
But in that brief time, you're witnessing the power of the scientific method.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 과학적 λ°©λ²•μ˜ νž˜μ„ 직접 보고 계신거죠.
04:04
That one little stick lets you ask a question,
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이 짧은 λ§‰λŒ€κΈ°λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ .
04:07
perform a controlled experiment,
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λŒ€μ‘° μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ ,
04:09
and then analyze the results to check your original hypothesis.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 본래 κ°€μ„€κ³Ό κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ£ .
04:13
And the best part is you won't even have to wait until the next harvest.
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 점은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‹€μŒ μˆ˜ν™•κΉŒμ§€ 기닀리지 μ•Šμ•„λ„ λœλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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