Why should you read James Joyce's "Ulysses"? - Sam Slote

2,933,062 views ・ 2017-10-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jane Cho κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
James Joyce's "Ulysses" is widely considered to be both a literary masterpiece
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μ œμž„μŠ€ 쑰이슀의 "μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€"λŠ” 문학적 κ±Έμž‘μ΄λΌλŠ” 것과
00:13
and one of the hardest works of literature to read.
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읽기에 κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ¬Έν•™ μž‘ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ 널리 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
It inspires such devotion that once a year on a day called Bloomsday,
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일년에 ν•œλ²ˆ λΈ”λ£ΈμŠ€λ°μ΄λΌλŠ” 날에 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ ν—Œμ‹ μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
thousands of people all over the world dress up like the characters,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 수천λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ“±μž₯ 인물처럼 λΆ„μž₯ν•˜κ³ ,
00:24
take to the streets,
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거리둜 λͺ°λ €λ‚˜μ™€
00:26
and read the book aloud.
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κ·Έ 책을 큰 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
And some even make a pilgrimage to Dublin
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그리고 λͺ‡ λͺ…은 심지어 λ”λΈ”λ¦°μœΌλ‘œ μˆœλ‘€λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
just to visit the places so vividly depicted in Joyce's opus.
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단지 쑰이슀의 μž‘ν’ˆμ— μ•„μ£Ό μƒμƒνžˆ λ¬˜μ‚¬λœ μž₯μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
00:36
So what is it about this famously difficult novel
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그럼 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 이 유λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ†Œμ„€μ΄
00:38
that inspires so many people?
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무엇에 κ΄€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:42
There's no one simple answer to that question,
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κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
but there are a few remarkable things about the book
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 책에 κ΄€ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 λ†€λΌμš΄ 것듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
that keep people coming back.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λŒμ•„μ˜€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
00:49
The plot, which transpires over the course of a single day,
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ν•˜λ£¨ μ•ˆμ— λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ꡬ성은
00:52
is a story of three characters:
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μ„Έ λ“±μž₯μΈλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Stephen Dedalus, reprised from Joyce's earlier novel,
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쑰이슀의 초기 μ†Œμ„€ "μ Šμ€ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€μ˜ μ΄ˆμƒ"μ—μ„œ
00:58
"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man";
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λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μŠ€ν‹°λΈ λ””λœλŸ¬μŠ€
01:01
Leopold Bloom, a half-Jewish advertising canvasser for a Dublin newspaper;
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더블린 μ‹ λ¬Έ μ™ΈνŒμ›μ΄μž λ°˜μœ λŒ€μΈμΈ λ ˆμ˜€ν΄λ“œ λΈ”λ£Έ
01:06
and Bloom's wife Molly, who is about to embark on an affair.
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그리고 λ°”λžŒμ„ ν”Όμš°λ €λŠ” λΈ”λ£Έμ˜ μ•„λ‚΄ λͺ°λ¦¬
01:11
Stephen is depressed because of his mother's recent death.
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μŠ€ν‹°λΈμ€ 졜근 그의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 죽음 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°μšΈμ¦μ— λΉ μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
Meanwhile, Bloom wanders throughout the city.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— 블룸은 λ„μ‹œ 전체λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
He goes to a funeral,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μž₯λ‘€μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ°€κ³ ,
01:18
his work,
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직μž₯,
01:19
a pub,
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μˆ μ§‘,
01:20
and so on,
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그리고 등등을 λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
01:21
avoiding going home because Molly is about to begin her affair.
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λͺ°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°”λžŒμ„ ν”Όμš°λ €κ³  ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 집에 κ°€λŠ” 것을 ν”Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Where it really starts to get interesting, though,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •λ§λ‘œ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ›Œμ§€λŠ” 뢀뢄은
01:28
is how the story's told.
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κ·Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 전달 λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
Each chapter is written in a different style.
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각 μž₯은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μŠ€νƒ€μΌλ‘œ μ”Œμ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
15 is a play,
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15μž₯은 μ—°κ·Ή,
01:35
13 is like a cheesy romance novel,
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13은 λŠλΌν•œ 둜맨슀 μ†Œμ„€ κ°™κ³ ,
01:38
12 is a story with bizarre, exaggerated interruptions,
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12λŠ” μ΄μƒν•˜κ³ , κ³Όμž₯된 간섭이 μžˆλŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
11 uses techniques, like onomatopoeia, repetitions, and alliteration
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11은 μ˜μ„±μ–΄, 반볡 및 λ³€ν˜•κ³Ό 같은 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
to imitate music,
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λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:49
and 14 reproduces the evolution of English literary prose style,
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그리고 14λŠ” 영ꡭ의 λ¬Έν•™ μ‚°λ¬Έμ²΄μ˜ 진화λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
from its beginnings in Anglo-Saxon right up to the 20th century.
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μ•΅κΈ€λ‘œ μƒ‰μŠ¨μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹œμž‘λΆ€ν„° 20μ„ΈκΈ°κΉŒμ§€
01:59
That all culminates in the final chapter
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그것은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μž₯μ—μ„œ μ ˆμ •μ— λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
which follows Molly's stream of consciousness
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λͺ°λ¦¬μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ˜ 흐름을 λ”°λ₯΄λŠ”
02:05
as it spools out in just eight long paragraphs
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단지 8개의 κΈ΄ λ¬Έλ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ ν’€μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λŠ”λ°
02:08
with almost no punctuation.
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ꡬ두점이 거의 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
The range of styles Joyce uses in "Ulysses"
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μ‘°μ΄μŠ€κ°€ μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ˜ 닀양성은
02:13
is one of the things that makes it so difficult,
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책을 μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
but it also helps make it enjoyable.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것은 λ˜ν•œ 책을 즐길 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And it's one of the reasons that the book is held up
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그리고 κ·Έ 책이 문학적 λͺ¨λ”λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ˜ 핡심적인 λ¬Έμž₯λ“€ μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ
02:21
as one of the key texts of literary modernism,
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λ– λ°›λ“œλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:24
a movement characterized by overturning traditional modes of writing.
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κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ˜ 전톡적 방식을 μ™„μ „νžˆ 뒀집은 μ›€μ§μž„ λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Joyce fills his narrative gymnastic routines
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μ‘°μ΄μŠ€λŠ” 그의 μ„œμˆ μ  λ‹¨λ ¨μ˜ 일상듀을 μ±„μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
with some of the most imaginative use of language you'll find anywhere.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ‚˜ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 창의적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Take, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
02:38
"The figure seated on a large boulder at the foot of a round tower
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"λ‘₯κ·Ό 탑 μ•„λž˜ μ»€λ‹€λž€ λ°”μœ„ μœ„μ— 앉아 μžˆλŠ” 인물은
02:42
was that of a broadshouldered deepchested stronglimbed frankeyed redhaired
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μ–΄κΉ¨ λ„“κ³  κ°€μŠ΄μ΄ 깊고 μ ˆλ¦„λ°œμ΄μ΄κ³  λΉ¨κ°„ 머리이고
02:48
freelyfreckled shaggybearded widemouthed largenosed longheaded deepvoiced
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μ£Όκ·ΌκΉ¨ 있고 μž…μ΄ 크고 μ½”κ°€ λ„“κ³  머리가 κΈΈμ­‰ν•˜κ³  κΉŠμ€ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œκ³ 
02:54
barekneed brawnyhanded hairlegged ruddyfaced sinewyarmed hero."
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맨 무릎과 건μž₯ν•œ 손과 털이 λ§Žμ€ 닀리와 λΆˆκ·Έλ ˆν•œ 얼꡴을 가진 근윑질의 μ˜μ›…μ΄λ‹€."
03:00
Here, Joyce exaggerates the description of a mangy old man in a pub
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‘°μ΄μŠ€λŠ” μˆ μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ§€μ €λΆ„ν•œ 노인에 λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…을 κ³Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
to make him seem like an improbably gigantesque hero.
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κ·Έλ₯Ό 사싀 같지 μ•Šμ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ›…μœΌλ‘œ 보이게 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
03:08
It's true that some sections are impenetrably dense at first glance,
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μ–΄λ–€ 뢀뢄은 처음 ν•œλˆˆμ— 헀아릴 수 없을 μ •λ„λ‘œ λΉ½λΉ½ν•œ 것은 μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
but it's up to the reader to let their eyes skim over them
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 눈으둜 훑어보도둝 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ…μžλ“€μ— λ”°λΌμ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
or break out a shovel and dig in.
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λ˜λŠ” μ‚½μœΌλ‘œ νŒŒκ±°λ‚˜
03:18
And once you start excavating the text,
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그리고 ν•œλ²ˆ 글을 파기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
03:20
you'll find the book to be an encyclopedic treasure trove.
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당신은 κ·Έ 책이 백과사전적인 보물 μ°½κ³ λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
It's filled with all manner of references and allusions
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그것은 참쑰와 μ•”μ‹œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ±„μ›Œμ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
from medieval philosophy to the symbolism of tattoos,
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쀑세 μ² ν•™λΆ€ν„° νƒ€νˆ¬μ˜ μƒμ§•κΉŒμ§€
03:30
and from Dante to Dublin slang.
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그리고 λ‹¨ν…Œμ—μ„œ 더블린 μ†μ–΄κΉŒμ§€
03:33
As suggested by the title, some of these allusions revolve around Homer's "Odyssey."
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제λͺ©μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆλœ 바와 같이, 이 μ•”μ‹œλ“€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ” 호머의 "μ˜€λ””μ„Έμ΄"와 μ—°κ΄€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Each chapter is named after a character or episode from the "Odyssey,"
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각 μž₯은 "μ˜€λ””μ„Έμ΄"λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ“±μž₯μΈλ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œμ˜ 이름을 λ”°μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
but the literary references are often coy, debatable, sarcastic, or disguised.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 문학적 참쑰듀은 μ’…μ’… λ‚΄μˆ­μŠ€λŸ½κ³ , λ…Όλž€μ΄ 많고, λΉ„κΌ¬κ±°λ‚˜, λ³€μž₯λ˜μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
For example, Homer's Odysseus, after an epic 20-year-long journey,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 호머의 μ˜€λ””μ„Έμš°μŠ€λŠ” 20λ…„ κ°„μ˜ μ—¬μ • 끝에
03:51
returns home to Ithaca and reunites with his faithful wife.
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이타카에 μžˆλŠ” μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ˜€κ³  그의 μΆ©μ‹€ν•œ 아내와 μž¬κ²°ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
In contrast, Joyce's Bloom wanders around Dublin for a day
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, 쑰이슀의 블룸은 ν•˜λ£¨μ’…μΌ 더블린을 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
and returns home to his unfaithful wife.
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그리고 그의 μΆ©μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ•„λ‚΄μ—κ²Œλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
It's a very funny book.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
It has highbrow intellectual humor,
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κ³ μƒν•œ 지적 유머λ₯Ό 가지고 있고,
04:08
if you have the patience to track down Joyce's references,
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쑰이슀의 참쑰듀을 좔적할 참을성이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
04:10
and more lowbrow dirty jokes.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ €κΈ‰ν•œ λ”λŸ¬μš΄ 농담듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Those, and other sexual references, were too much for some.
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그런 것듀, 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 성적 참쑰듀은 μΌλΆ€μ΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
In the U.S., the book was put on trial, banned, and censored
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 책은 재판되고, κΈˆμ§€λ˜κ³ , κ²€μ—΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
before it had even been completed
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심지어 완성이 λ˜κΈ°λ„ 전에
04:23
because it was originally published as a serial novel.
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그것이 μ›λž˜ μ—°μž¬μ†Œμ„€λ‘œ μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Readers of "Ulysses" aren't just led through a variety of literary styles.
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"μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€"의 λ…μžλ“€μ€ 문학적 μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ˜ 닀양성을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ 끌린 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
They're also given a rich and shockingly accurate tour
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그듀은 λ˜ν•œ ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ³  좩격받을 μ •λ„λ‘œ μ •ν™•ν•œ 여정이 μ£Όμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
of a specific place at a time:
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ν•œ μ‹œλŒ€μ— νŠΉμ •ν•œ μž₯μ†Œ:
04:37
Dublin in 1904.
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1904λ…„ 더블린.
04:39
Joyce claimed that if Dublin were to be destroyed,
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μ‘°μ΄μŠ€λŠ” λ§Œμ•½ 더블린이 νŒŒκ΄΄λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:42
it could be recreated from the pages of this book.
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이 μ±…μ˜ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 질 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
While such a claim is not exactly true,
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그런 μ£Όμž₯이 μ •ν™•νžˆ 사싀은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
04:47
it does show the great care that Joyce took in precisely representing details,
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μ‘°μ΄μŠ€κ°€ 세뢀사항을 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 데에 크게 신경을 μΌλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
both large and small, of his home city.
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그의 κ³ ν–₯의 크고 μž‘μ€
04:55
No small feat considering he wrote the entire novel
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κ·Έκ°€ μ†Œμ„€ 전체λ₯Ό μ“΄ 것을 κ³ λ €ν•  λ•Œ μž‘μ€ 업적은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
while living outside of his native Ireland.
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κ·Έκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 곳인 μ•„μΌλžœλ“œ λ°”κΉ₯μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ—
05:01
It's a testament to Joyce's genius that "Ulysses" is a difficult book.
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μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€κ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ±…μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 쑰이슀의 μ²œμž¬μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
Some people find it impenetrable without a full book of annotations
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ±… μ „μ²΄μ˜ 주석 μ—†μ΄λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯함을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
to help them understand what Joyce is even talking about.
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심지어 μ‘°μ΄μŠ€κ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ”λ°μ—
05:15
But there's a lot of joy to be found in reading it,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것을 읽으며 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 데에 λ§Žμ€ 즐거움이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
more than just unpacking allusions and solving puzzles.
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ν’€λ¦° μ•”μ‹œμ™€ 퍼즐을 ν‘ΈλŠ” 것보닀도
05:21
And if it's difficult, or frustrating, or funny,
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ 그것이 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λ©΄, λ˜λŠ” μ’Œμ ˆλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ 웃기닀면,
05:25
that's because life is all that, and more.
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그것은 삢이 λͺ¨λ‘ κ·Έλ ‡κ³  κ·Έ 이상이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Responding to some criticism of "Ulysses,"
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"μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€"의 μ–΄λ–€ 비평에 μ‘λ‹΅ν•˜μ—¬
05:31
and there was a lot when it was first published,
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그리고 그것이 처음 μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 비평이 많이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
Joyce said that if "Ulysses" isn't worth reading,
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μ‘°μ΄μŠ€λŠ” λ§Œμ•½ "μœ¨λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€"κ°€ 읽을 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
05:36
then life isn't worth living.
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삢을 μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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