Game theory challenge: Can you predict human behavior? - Lucas Husted

1,566,898 views ใƒป 2019-11-05

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jina LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:06
A few months ago we posed a challenge to our community.
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๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ์ „, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋„์ „์žฅ์„ ๋˜์ ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
We asked everyone: given a range of integers from 0 to 100,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 100๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ
00:15
guess the whole number closest to 2/3 of the average of all numbers guessed.
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์ถ”์ธก๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์˜ 2/3์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:22
So if the average of all guesses is 60, the correct guess will be 40.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ถ”์ธกํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด 60์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์•Œ๋งž์€ ๋‹ต์€ 40์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
What number do you think was the correct guess at 2/3 of the average?
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ํ‰๊ท ์˜ 2/3์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:32
Letโ€™s see if we can try and reason our way to the answer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ์„ค๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:36
This game is played under conditions known to game theorists as common knowledge.
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์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Not only does every player have the same information โ€”
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:44
they also know that everyone else does,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
00:46
and that everyone else knows that everyone else does, and so on, infinitely.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Now, the highest possible average would occur if every person guessed 100.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 100์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ถ”์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:58
In that case, 2/3 of the average would be 66.66.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ’์˜ 2/3์€ 66.66์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Since everyone can figure this out,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
01:05
it wouldnโ€™t make sense to guess anything higher than 67.
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67๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
If everyone playing comes to this same conclusion,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:12
no one will guess higher than 67.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ 67๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Now 67 is the new highest possible average,
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์ด์ œ 67์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
01:19
so no reasonable guess should be higher than โ…” of that, which is 44.
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์ฆ‰, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ธก๊ฐ’์€ 44๋กœ, ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์˜ 2โ„3๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
This logic can be extended further and further.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ํ™•์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
With each step, the highest possible logical answer keeps getting smaller.
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๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•ด๋‹ต์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ ์  ์ž‘์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
So it would seem sensible to guess the lowest number possible.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
And indeed, if everyone chose zero,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 0์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:41
the game would reach whatโ€™s known as a Nash Equilibrium.
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์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
This is a state where every player has chosen the best possible strategy
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:49
for themselves given everyone else playing,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:52
and no individual player can benefit by choosing differently.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
But, thatโ€™s not what happens in the real world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
People, as it turns out, either arenโ€™t perfectly rational,
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:05
or donโ€™t expect each other to be perfectly rational.
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์„œ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Or, perhaps, itโ€™s some combination of the two.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ๋„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐํ•ฉ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
When this game is played in real-world settings,
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์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค์ • ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰๋  ๋•Œ,
02:15
the average tends to be somewhere between 20 and 35.
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๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 20๊ณผ 35์‚ฌ์ด ์–ด๋””์ฏค์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Danish newspaper Politiken ran the game with over 19,000 readers participating,
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๋ด๋งˆํฌ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ํด๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ผ„์€ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋งŒ 9์ฒœ์—ฌ๋ช… ๋…์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
02:26
resulting in an average of roughly 22, making the correct answer 14.
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์ •๋‹ต์ธ 14๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 22๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
For our audience, the average was 31.3.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 31.3์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So if you guessed 21 as 2/3 of the average, well done.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์˜ 2/3์œผ๋กœ 21์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Economic game theorists have a way of modeling this interplay
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์ถ”๋ก ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:44
between rationality and practicality called k-level reasoning.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
K stands for the number of times a cycle of reasoning is repeated.
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K๋Š” ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
A person playing at k-level 0 would approach our game naively,
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K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 0์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:58
guessing a number at random without thinking about the other players.
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๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์— ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
At k-level 1, a player would assume everyone else was playing at level 0,
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K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 0์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:07
resulting in an average of 50, and thus guess 33.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท ์„ 50์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 33์„ ์ •๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
At k-level 2, theyโ€™d assume that everyone else was playing at level 1,
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K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:17
leading them to guess 22.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ 22๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
It would take 12 k-levels to reach 0.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 12์—์„œ๋Š” 0์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
The evidence suggests that most people stop at 1 or 2 k-levels.
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1 ๋˜๋Š” 2์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And thatโ€™s useful to know,
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์ด๊ฑด ์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
because k-level thinking comes into play in high-stakes situations.
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K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
For example, stock traders evaluate stocks not only based on earnings reports,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:39
but also on the value that others place on those numbers.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
And during penalty kicks in soccer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋„ํ‹ฐํ‚ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
03:45
both the shooter and the goalie decide whether to go right or left
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์Šˆํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณจํ‚คํผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:49
based on what they think the other person is thinking.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Goalies often memorize the patterns of their opponents ahead of time,
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๊ณจ์žก์ด๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•  ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:56
but penalty shooters know that and can plan accordingly.
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ํŒจ๋„ํ‹ฐ ์Šˆํ„ฐ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
In each case, participants must weigh their own understanding
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๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
04:03
of the best course of action against how well they think other participants
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
04:07
understand the situation.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
But 1 or 2 k-levels is by no means a hard and fast ruleโ€”
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1์ด๋‚˜ K-๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
simply being conscious of this tendency can make people adjust their expectations.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
For instance, what would happen if people played the 2/3 game
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
04:24
after understanding the difference between the most logical approach
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  2/3 ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:28
and the most common?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
04:29
Submit your own guess at what 2/3 of the new average will be
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์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‰๊ท ์˜ 2/3๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:34
by using the form below,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:36
and weโ€™ll find out.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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