The truth about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Helen M. Farrell

848,914 views

2019-01-14 ・ TED-Ed


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The truth about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Helen M. Farrell

848,914 views ・ 2019-01-14

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minseo Yun κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
In 1982, a young nurse was suffering from severe, unrelenting depression.
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1982λ…„ ν•œ μ Šμ€ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ•“κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
She couldn’t work, socialize,
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μΌμ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬κ΅μƒν™œ, 신문을 μ½λŠ” 것쑰차도 어렀움을 κ²ͺμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
or even concentrate well enough to read the newspaper.
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00:19
One treatment changed everything.
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ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ λͺ¨λ“  것을 λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
After two courses of electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, her symptoms lifted.
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두 번의 μ „κΈ° 좩격 μš”λ²• (ECT)으둜 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 증상이 μ™„ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
She went back to work, then on to graduate school, where she earned high grades.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 일을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³  λŒ€ν•™μ›μ— κ°€μ„œ 쒋은 성적을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
At first, she talked openly about her life changing treatment.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” 인생을 λ°”κΏ”μ€€ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ†”μ§ν•˜κ²Œ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
But as she realized many people had an extremely negative impression of ECT,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ECTλ₯Ό λΆ€μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
00:42
she stopped sharing her experience.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ”λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ‚˜λˆ„μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
ECT carried a deep stigma,
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ECTλŠ” κΉŠμ€ 였λͺ…을 κ°€μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
00:47
leftover from a history that bears little resemblance to the modern procedure.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ  μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•κ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μ§€λ‚œ μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μœ λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
The therapy was first used in medicine in 1938.
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κ·Έ μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” 1938년에 처음 μ‹€ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
In its early years, doctors administered a strong electrical current to the brain,
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ λ‡Œμ— κ°•ν•œ μ „λ₯˜λ₯Ό ν˜λ €λ³΄λƒˆκ³ 
01:01
causing a whole-body seizure during which
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그둜 인해 ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ μ „μ‹  λ°œμž‘μ„ μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
patients might bite their tongues or even break bones.
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그듀은 ν˜€λ₯Ό 깨물기도 ν–ˆκ³  심지어 λΌˆκ°€ λΆ€λŸ¬μ§€κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Modern ECT is very different.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ ECTλŠ” 맀우 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
While a patient is under general anesthesia,
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ν™˜μžκ°€ μ „μ‹  λ§ˆμ·¨μ— λΉ μ Έμžˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:14
electrodes deliver a series of mild electrical pulses to the brain.
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전극이 μ•½ν•œ μ „κΈ° νŽ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ—°μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‡Œμ— μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
This causes huge numbers of neurons to fire in unison:
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이둜써 λ‹€λŸ‰μ˜ λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ 일제히 λ°œν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
a brief, controlled seizure.
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짧고 ν†΅μ œλœ λ°œμž‘μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
01:26
A muscle relaxant keeps spasms from spreading to the rest of his body.
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근윑 μ΄μ™„μ œλŠ” 경련이 μ „μ‹ μœΌλ‘œ νΌμ§€λŠ” 것을 막아 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
The only physical indication of the electricity flooding the brain
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λ‡Œμ—μ„œ μ „κΈ°κ°€ 흐λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ ν‘œμ‹œλŠ”
01:35
is a twitching foot.
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발이 μ”°λ£©κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” 것을 보고 μ•Œ 수 있죠.
01:37
The treatment lasts for about a minute, and most patients are able
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μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” 1λΆ„ 정도 μ§€μ†ν•˜κ³  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ”
01:40
to resume normal activities about an hour after each session.
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ 정도 뒀에 일상적인 ν™œλ™μ„ ν•  수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
ECT is commonly used to treat severe cases of major depression or bipolar disorder
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ECTλŠ” ν”νžˆ μš°μšΈμ¦μ΄λ‚˜ 쑰울증이 μ‹¬ν•œ κ²½μš°μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
in patients who haven’t responded to other therapies,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
01:54
or who have had adverse reactions to medication.
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약에 λΆ€μž‘μš©μ„ 보인 ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 말이죠.
01:57
Half or more of those who undergo treatment experience an improvement
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이 치료λ₯Ό 받은 절반 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 증상이 κ°œμ„ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
in their symptoms.
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02:03
Most patients treated with ECT have two or three sessions per week for several weeks.
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 맀주 두 λ²ˆμ—μ„œ μ„Έ λ²ˆμ”© λͺ‡ 주에 걸쳐 ECT 치료λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Some begin to notice an improvement in their symptoms after just one session,
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μ–΄λ–€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 단 ν•œ 번의 치료둜 증상이 ν˜Έμ „λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
02:13
while others take longer to respond.
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μ–΄λ–€ ν™˜μžλŠ” 더 였래 걸리기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Patients often continue less frequent treatments for several months to a year,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” μˆ˜κ°œμ›”μ—μ„œ 1λ…„ 정도 횟수λ₯Ό 쀄여가며 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³ 
02:21
and some need occasional maintenance sessions for the rest of their lives.
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μ–΄λ–€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 평생 λ™μ•ˆ μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ 관리가 ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Modern ECT is much safer than it used to be,
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ν˜„λŒ€ ECTλŠ” μ˜ˆμ „λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 μ•ˆμ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
but patients can still experience side effects.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λΆ€μž‘μš©μ΄ 생길 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
They may feel achy, fatigued, or nauseated right after treatment.
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 치료 직후에 톡증, ν”Όλ‘œκ° λ˜λŠ” λ©”μŠ€κΊΌμ›€μ„ λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Some have trouble remembering what happened right before a sessionβ€”
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치료 직전에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 일을 잘 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
for example, what they had for dinner the previous evening.
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μ „λ‚  저녁 μ‹μ‚¬λ‘œ 먹은 μŒμ‹ 같은 κ±Έ 말이죠.
02:42
Rarely, they might have trouble remembering up to weeks and months before.
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λ“œλ¬Όκ²Œ λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ˜λŠ” λͺ‡ 달 μ „μ˜ 일을 잘 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
For most patients, this memory loss does improve over time.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μžƒμ€ 기얡듀은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄ νšŒλ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
What's fascinating is that despite its proven track record,
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ν₯미둜운 점은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 증λͺ…λœ 싀적듀에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:54
we still don't know exactly why ECT works.
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ECTκ°€ μ™œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Neurons in the brain communicate via electrical signals,
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λ‡Œμ— μžˆλŠ” λ‰΄λŸ°λ“€μ€ μ „κΈ° μ‹ ν˜Έμ™€ μ—°κ²°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
which influence our brain chemistry, contributing to mood and behavior.
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우리의 κΈ°λΆ„κ³Ό 행동을 μ’Œμš°ν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ ν™”ν•™ μž‘μš©μ— 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ£ .
03:06
The flood of electrical activity sparked by ECT alters that chemistry.
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ECT둜 λ°œμƒν•œ μ „λ₯˜λŠ” 이 ν™”ν•™ μž‘μš©μ„ λŒ€μ²΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
For example, ECT triggers the release of certain neurotransmitters,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‹ κ²½ 전달 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λΆ„μžλ₯Ό λ°©μΆœμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
molecules that help carry signals between neurons and influence mental health.
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μ΄λŠ” λ‰΄λŸ° μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ‹ ν˜Έ 전달을 돕고 μ •μ‹  건강에 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
ECT also stimulates the flow of hormones that may help reduce symptoms of depression.
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λ˜ν•œ ECTλŠ” 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 생산을 μžκ·Ήν•΄ 우울 증상을 μ€„μ΄λŠ” 데 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Interestingly, ECT maintenance works better when paired with medication,
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ ECTλŠ” μ•½κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 효과λ₯Ό λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
even in patients who were resistant to medication before.
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이전에 약물에 κ±°λΆ€λ°˜μ‘μ„ 보인 ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 말이죠.
03:35
As we come to a better understanding of the brain,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‡Œλ₯Ό 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
03:38
we’ll likely be able to make ECT even more effective.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ECTλ₯Ό 더 효과적이게 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
In 1995, more than a decade after her first course of ECT,
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첫 ECT 치료λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  10년도 더 μ§€λ‚œ 1995년에
03:48
the nurse decided to publish an account of her experience.
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κ·Έ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μΆœνŒν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Because of the stigma surrounding the treatment,
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κ·Έ 치료λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό 였λͺ… λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:53
she worried that doing so might negatively impact
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책을 λ‚΄λŠ” 것이 μ‚¬μƒν™œκ³Ό 직μž₯ μƒν™œμ— 뢀정적인 영ν–₯을 주진 μ•Šμ„κΉŒ κ±±μ •ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:56
her personal and professional life,
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03:58
but she knew ECT could make a difference for patients when all else failed.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ ECTκ°€ 도움이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
Though misperceptions about ECT persist,
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ ECT에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜€ν•΄λŠ” κ³„μ†λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:07
accounts like hers have helped make doctors and patients alike
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그녀와 같은 이야기듀은 μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄
04:10
aware of the treatment’s life changing potential.
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κ·Έ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ 삢을 λ°”κΏ€λ§Œν•œ 잠재λ ₯이 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
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이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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