Are the Northern Lights dangerous? - Fabio Pacucci

497,042 views ・ 2022-03-31

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: 유경 이 κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
On September 1st, 1859, miners following the Colorado gold rush woke up
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1859λ…„ 9μ›” 1일,
μ½œλ‘œλΌλ„ κΈˆκ΄‘ 열풍을 찾은 광뢀듀은 밝은 아침을 λ§žμ΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
to another sunny day.
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00:14
Or so they thought.
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
To their surprise, they soon discovered it was actually 1 am;
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 사싀은 μƒˆλ²½ ν•œ μ‹œμž„μ„ 이내 μ•Œμ•˜λŠ”λ°
00:20
and the sky wasn’t lit by the Sun, but rather by brilliant drapes of light.
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νƒœμ–‘μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ μ²œμƒμ˜ 컀튼이 ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ λˆˆλΆ€μ‹œκ²Œ 밝히고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
The blazing glow could be seen as far as the Caribbean,
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νƒ€μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” 빛은 μΉ΄λ¦¬λΈŒν•΄ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œκΉŒμ§€ λ³΄μ˜€κ³ ,
00:29
leading people in many regions to believe that nearby cities had caught fire.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 인근 λ„μ‹œμ— 뢈이 λ‚œ 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
But the true cause of what would come to be known as the Carrington Event
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 캐링턴 μ‚¬κ±΄μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§ˆ 이 μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μ§„μ§œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
00:38
was a solar stormβ€” the largest in recorded history.
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역사상 κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ ν­ν’μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:43
Solar storms are one of many astrophysical phenomena caused by magnetic fields.
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νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍은 자기μž₯ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μ²œμ²΄λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ  ν˜„μƒ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
These fields are generated by movements of electrically charged particles
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자기μž₯은 μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 μž…μžλ“€μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
like protons and electrons.
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μ–‘μ„±μžλ‚˜ μ „μžμ™€ 같은 μž…μžλ“€μ΄μ£ .
00:55
For example, Earth’s magnetic field is generated by charged molten metals
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 자기μž₯은
μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띈 용육 μƒνƒœμ˜ κΈˆμ†μ΄ μ™Έν•΅μ—μ„œ νšŒμ „ν•˜μ—¬ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
circulating in the planet's outer core.
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01:03
Similarly, the Sun’s magnetic field is generated by large convective movements
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이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ, νƒœμ–‘μ˜ 자기μž₯은
별을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ§ˆ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” μ»€λ‹€λž€ λŒ€λ₯˜ ν˜„μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
in the plasma that composes the star.
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01:10
As this plasma slowly swirls,
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이 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ§ˆλŠ” 천천히 μ†Œμš©λŒμ΄ μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:13
it creates areas of intense magnetic activity called sunspots.
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νƒœμ–‘ 흑점이라고 ν•˜λŠ” κ°•ν•œ 자기 ν™œλ™ μ˜μ—­μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
The magnetic fields that form near these regions
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이 μ˜μ—­ κ·Όμ²˜μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ 자기μž₯은
01:21
often become twisted and strained.
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ν”νžˆ λ’€ν‹€λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ λ³€ν˜•λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
And when they’re stretched too far, they snap into simpler configurations,
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자기μž₯이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 길게 λŠ˜μ–΄μ§€λ©΄, 더 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λŠμ–΄μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
01:28
releasing energy that launches plasma from the Sun’s surface.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 내보내고 νƒœμ–‘ ν‘œλ©΄μ—μ„œ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ§ˆκ°€ λ°©μΆœλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
These explosions are known as coronal mass ejections.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 폭발 ν˜„μƒμ„ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ μ§ˆλŸ‰ 방좜이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
The plasmaβ€” mostly made of protons and electronsβ€” accelerates rapidly,
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λŒ€κ°œ μ–‘μ„±μžμ™€ μ „μžλ‘œ 이루어진 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ§ˆλŠ” λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κ°€μ†ν•΄μ„œ
01:42
quickly reaching thousands of kilometers per second.
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μ΄ˆμ† 수천 ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°μ— μ΄λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
A typical coronal mass ejection covers the distance between the Sun and the Earth
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보톡 μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ μ§ˆλŸ‰ λ°©μΆœμ€
지ꡬ와 νƒœμ–‘ 사이λ₯Ό 뢈과 이틀 정도에 κ±΄λ„ˆμ˜€λŠ”λ°,
01:51
in just a couple of days,
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01:52
flowing along the magnetic field that permeates the solar system.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„λ₯Ό κ΄€ν†΅ν•˜λŠ” 자기μž₯을 따라 ν˜λŸ¬κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
And those that cross the Earth’s path are drawn to its magnetic field lines,
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지ꡬ ꢀ도λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λ©° λ‚ μ•„μ˜€λŠ” 이 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 지ꡬ 자기λ ₯선에 이끌렀
02:01
falling into the atmosphere around the planet’s magnetic poles.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 자극 κ·Όμ²˜μ— μžˆλŠ” λŒ€κΈ°κΆŒμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
This tidal wave of high-energy particles excites atmospheric atoms
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κ³ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μž…μžκ°€ κΈ‰μ¦ν•˜λ©΄
μ‚°μ†Œμ™€ μ§ˆμ†Œ 같은 λŒ€κΈ° 쀑 μ›μžλŠ” λ“€λœ¬ μƒνƒœκ°€ 되며
02:10
such as oxygen and nitrogen,
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02:12
causing them to rapidly shed photons at various energy levels.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ κ΄‘μžλ₯Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°©μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
The result is a magnificent light show we know as the auroras.
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κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ λΉ›μ˜ ν–₯μ—°, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” κ·Έ μ˜€λ‘œλΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
And while this phenomenon is usually only visible near the Earth’s poles,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ 보톡 κ·Ήμ§€λ°© κ·Όμ²˜μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
02:26
strong solar storms can bring in enough high energy particles
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍은
넓은 ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ ν™˜νžˆ 밝힐 만큼 λ§Žμ€ κ³ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μž…μžλ₯Ό 보낼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
to light up large stretches of the sky.
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02:34
The magnetic fields in our solar system are nothing
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ˜ 자기μž₯은
02:37
compared to those found in deep space.
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ” 자기μž₯에 λΉ„ν•˜λ©΄ 아무것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
Some neutron stars generate fields 100 billion times stronger
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μ–΄λ–€ μ€‘μ„±μžλ³„λ“€μ€
νƒœμ–‘ ν‘μ μ—μ„œ 발견된 자기μž₯보닀 μ²œμ–΅ λ°° 더 κ°•ν•œ 자기μž₯을 μƒμ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
than those found in sunspots.
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02:47
And the magnetic fields around supermassive black holes
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λ˜ν•œ μ΄ˆλŒ€μ§ˆλŸ‰ λΈ”λž™ν™€ μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 자기μž₯은
02:50
expel jets of gas that extend for thousands of light years.
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수천 광년을 λ»—μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 기체λ₯Ό λ°©μΆœν•˜μ£ .
02:54
However, on Earth, even weak solar storms can be surprisingly dangerous.
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그런데 μ§€κ΅¬μ—λŠ” μ•½ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍도 λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
While the storms that reach us are generally harmless to humans,
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지ꡬ에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍은 λŒ€κ°œ μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ λ¬΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:03
the high-energy particles falling into the atmosphere
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λŒ€κΈ°κΆŒμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” κ³ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μž…μžλ“€μ€
03:06
create secondary magnetic fields,
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이차 자기μž₯을 μƒμ„±ν•˜μ—¬,
03:08
which in turn generate rogue currents that short-circuit electrical equipment.
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κ²°κ΅­ μ „μžκΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό κ΅λž€ν•˜λŠ” 변이 μ „λ₯˜κ°€ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
During the Carrington Event,
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캐링턴 사건 λ‹Ήμ‹œ
03:16
the only widespread electrical technology was the telegraph.
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널리 λ³΄κΈ‰λœ μ „κΈ° κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ „μ‹ λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
But since then, we've only become more dependent on electrical systems.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „κΈ° κΈ°μˆ μ— 더 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λ©° μ‚΄κ³  있죠.
03:25
In 1921, another powerful solar storm caused telephones
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1921λ…„ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍이
μ „ 세계 전화와 μ „μ‹  μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό νƒœμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
and telegraph equipment around the globe to combust.
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03:33
In New York, the entire railway system was shut down and fires broke out
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λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  철도 운영이 μ€‘λ‹¨λ˜κ³ 
쀑앙 ν†΅μ œ κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œ ν™”μž¬κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
in the central control building.
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03:40
Comparatively weak storms in 1989 and 2003
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1989λ…„κ³Ό 2003년에 λ°œμƒν•œ νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍은 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έμ•½ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:44
turned off regions of the Canadian power grid
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ „λ ₯망이 μ†μƒλ˜κ³ 
03:47
and damaged multiple satellites.
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인곡 μœ„μ„±μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ λŒ€ νŒŒμ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
If we were hit by a storm as strong as the Carrington Event today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  캐링턴 μ‚¬κ±΄μ²˜λŸΌ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍이 λΆˆμ–΄ λ‹₯치면,
03:54
it could devastate our interconnected, electrified planet.
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μƒν˜Έ μ—°κ²°λ˜κ³  μ „κΈ°λ‘œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” νν—ˆκ°€ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Fortunately, we're not defenseless.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λΉ„μ±…μ„ μ„Έμš°κ³  있죠.
04:01
After centuries of observing sunspots,
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수 μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ νƒœμ–‘ 흑점을 κ΄€μ°°ν•œ ν›„,
04:04
researchers have learned the Sun’s usual magnetic activity
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연ꡬ원듀은 νƒœμ–‘ 자기 ν™œλ™μ΄
04:07
follows an 11-year cycle,
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11λ…„ 주기둜 λ°˜λ³΅ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
giving us a window into when solar storms are most likely to occur.
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덕뢄에 νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍이 λ°œμƒν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ–Έμ œ κ°€μž₯ 높은지 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And as our ability to forecast space weather has improved,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 우주 기상을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 λ°œμ „ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ,
04:18
so have our mitigation measures.
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ν”Όν•΄ λŒ€λΉ„ μˆ˜λ‹¨λ„ κ°œμ„ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Power grids can be shut off in advance of a solar storm,
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νƒœμ–‘ 폭풍에 μ•žμ„œ μ „λ ₯망을 폐쇄할 수 있고,
04:24
while capacitors can be installed to absorb the sudden influx of energy.
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κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μœ μž…λœ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•  좕전기도 μ„€μΉ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
Many modern satellites and spacecraft are equipped with special shielding
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ ν˜„λŒ€ 인곡 μœ„μ„±κ³Ό μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€
νƒœμ–‘ ν­ν’μ˜ 좩격을 ν‘μˆ˜ν•  특수 차폐 μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ°–μΆ”κ³  있죠.
04:33
to absorb the impact of a solar storm.
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04:37
But even with these safeguards,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 μ•ˆμ „ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜λ”λΌλ„,
04:38
it’s hard to say how our technology will fare during the next major event.
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λ‹€μŒ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 폭풍이 였면 우리 기술이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν• μ§€ λ§ν•˜κΈ΄ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
It’s possible we’ll be left with only the aurora overhead
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우리 머리 μœ„μ˜ 였둜라만이
04:47
to light the path forward.
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길을 밝힐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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