How to fossilize...yourself - Phoebe A. Cohen

959,079 views ใƒป 2014-01-06

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:06
Imagine being a fossil:
0
6975
2501
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื:
00:09
touring the world's great museums,
1
9476
2323
ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:11
inspiring awe in onlookers of all ages,
2
11799
3142
ืžืฉืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืื” ืขืœ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื,
00:14
posing for hordes of fawning photographers.
3
14941
3372
ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคื•ื–ื•ืช ืœื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืฆืœืžื™ื ืžืชืจืคืกื™ื.
00:18
Sound like something you'd like?
4
18313
2032
ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
00:20
Well, good luck!
5
20345
1658
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”!
00:22
At least 99.9% of creatures that have ever lived
6
22003
3873
ืœืคื—ื•ืช 99.9% ืžื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื—ื™ื•
00:25
aren't preserved in the fossil record.
7
25876
2637
ืœื ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
00:28
But forget about them,
8
28513
1352
ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืžื”ื,
00:29
everyone else will,
9
29865
983
ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื•,
00:30
and listen up!
10
30848
1713
ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•!
00:32
If you want your corpse
11
32561
1157
ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืคื” ืฉืœื›ื
00:33
in the exclusive 0.01% Club,
12
33718
3695
ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืืงืกืงืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื” 0.01%,
00:37
the Hall of Preserved Fossil Fame,
13
37413
2650
ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื,
00:40
it will not be easy.
14
40063
2762
ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜.
00:42
You better work!
15
42825
2656
ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื•!
00:45
Step one: die.
16
45481
2435
ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืœืžื•ืช.
00:47
It's a cold, hard fact of fossilization.
17
47916
3200
ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืงืจื” ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
00:51
Everything paleontologists find
18
51116
2032
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืœืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื
00:53
was once alive and, at some point, died.
19
53148
3666
ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื—ื™, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืžืช.
00:56
We'll skip the details
20
56814
1475
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื
00:58
and assume you had a long, fulfilling life
21
58289
3836
ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื
01:02
so we can get to what is really important --
22
62125
2792
ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ --
01:04
how you die.
23
64917
2213
ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืชื™ื.
01:08
There are many ways to become a fossil,
24
68145
2191
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืื•ื‘ืŸ,
01:10
so let's highlight your top death options.
25
70336
3378
ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:14
You could get yourself trapped in tree sap,
26
74621
2397
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื›ื“ ื‘ืฉืจืฃ ืขืฆื™ื,
01:17
which, when hardens, turns into amber
27
77018
2111
ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฉื”, ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขื ื‘ืจ
01:19
and can survive intact for millions of years.
28
79129
3175
ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:22
But unless you find a really big tree to sit under,
29
82304
4354
ืื‘ืœ ืืœื ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืฅ ืžืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ื•,
01:26
amber preservation will likely remain
30
86658
1978
ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ื ืจืื”
01:28
the domain of insects and other very small animals.
31
88636
4141
ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
01:32
Generally, the right place to be
32
92777
2137
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•
01:34
if you want to end up a fossil
33
94914
1638
ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
01:36
is wherever sediment is actively being deposited,
34
96552
3018
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
01:39
like a lake or an ocean floor.
35
99570
2400
ื›ืžื• ืื’ื ืื• ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
01:41
A mountaintop or prairie?
36
101970
1785
ืจืืฉ ื”ืจ ืื• ืขืจื‘ื”?
01:43
Not good!
37
103755
1464
ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘!
01:45
You need to get buried,
38
105219
1291
ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ,
01:46
the faster the better,
39
106510
1208
ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ,
01:47
because the longer you hang around on the surface,
40
107718
2503
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืžื” ืฉืชืฉืืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
01:50
the more likely you'll get eaten,
41
110221
1499
ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืชื™ืื›ืœื•,
01:51
scavenged,
42
111720
830
ืฉืชื ื•ืงืจื•,
01:52
or otherwise destroyed
43
112550
1504
ืื• ืชื•ืฉืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช
01:54
before ever having a chance to get preserved.
44
114054
2876
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืจ.
01:56
If you can get buried someplace
45
116930
1789
ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
01:58
with little to no oxygen,
46
118719
1746
ืขื ืžืขื˜ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื,
02:00
like a bog or a deep lake bottom,
47
120465
2444
ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื• ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ืื’ื ืขืžื•ืงื”,
02:02
even better.
48
122909
1062
ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:03
That lack of oxygen will slow down your decay
49
123971
2581
ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื™ืื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืงื‘ื•ืช
02:06
and give you more time to fossilize.
50
126552
2894
ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืื‘ืŸ.
02:09
So, let's say you're lucky enough to die
51
129446
2212
ืื–, ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืช
02:11
and get buried in a shallow sea
52
131658
1994
ื•ืœื”ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืจื“ื•ื“
02:13
under muddy, sandy sediments.
53
133652
2320
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกื—ื•ืคืช ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืช.
02:15
What's your next move?
54
135972
2108
ืžื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื?
02:18
One option is a process
55
138080
1220
ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
02:19
called permineralization.
56
139300
1946
ืฉื ืงืจื ืคืจืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
02:21
While all your soft parts decay away,
57
141246
2142
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื ืจืงื‘ื™ื,
02:23
your bones get saturated with mineral-rich waters.
58
143388
3939
ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืกืคื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื.
02:27
Bit by bit, microscopic crystals precipitate
59
147327
3425
ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืœืง, ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžื—ืœื—ืœื™ื
02:30
out of these waters
60
150752
1009
ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื
02:31
to fill in the empty spaces and pores in your bones.
61
151761
3468
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ืง ื•ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:35
Otherwise, you'd better hope
62
155829
1671
ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืงื•ื•
02:37
the sediments around you harden
63
157500
1164
ืฉื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื ื™ืชืงืฉื•
02:38
while your bones decay away
64
158664
1935
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช
02:40
and another sediment or mineral fills in the spaces
65
160599
2535
ื•ืžืฉืงืข ืื—ืจ ืื• ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื
02:43
your bones leave behind,
66
163134
1589
ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ,
02:44
creating a perfect cast of your skeleton.
67
164723
3971
ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:48
Over time, the sediments around your fossil
68
168694
2626
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื
02:51
will lithify or turn into rock.
69
171320
3159
ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืื• ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกืœืข.
02:54
But you're not in the clear yet!
70
174479
2208
ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื!
02:56
Many things could happen
71
176687
1843
ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช
02:58
to those sedimentary rocks
72
178530
890
ืœืกืœืขื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:59
that might destroy your chances
73
179420
1406
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
03:00
of getting discovered.
74
180826
1907
ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช.
03:02
They could get uplifted into a mountain range
75
182733
2190
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืจื›ืก ื”ืจื™ื
03:04
and eroded away
76
184923
1499
ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉื—ืง
03:06
or carried along in an oceanic plate
77
186422
2006
ืื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ืื•ืงื™ืื ื™
03:08
and subducted back into the Earth's mantle,
78
188428
3102
ื•ืœื”ื™ื ื—ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
03:11
melting your fossil into hot mush.
79
191530
3312
ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืจืกืง ื—ื.
03:14
Fingers crossed your rock surroundings
80
194842
2169
ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื
03:17
will get gently lifted up
81
197011
1749
ื™ื•ืจืžื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”
03:18
by plate tectonics,
82
198760
1793
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืงืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช,
03:20
sea levels will change,
83
200553
1460
ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืชื ื”,
03:22
and you'll end up under dry land
84
202013
2304
ื•ืืชื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื” ื™ื‘ืฉื”
03:24
close to the surface,
85
204317
1121
ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
03:25
but not so close
86
205438
1533
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™
03:26
that erosion from wind and rain wipes you away
87
206971
3035
ืฉื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ืžืจื•ื— ื•ื’ืฉื ืชืžื—ื” ืืชื›ื
03:30
before someone can come find you.
88
210006
2976
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืชื›ื.
03:32
The last step in this long process,
89
212982
3011
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื–ื”,
03:35
an intrepid paleontologist has to come find you.
90
215993
3911
ืคืœื™ืื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืชื›ื.
03:39
Maybe she's a research scientist
91
219904
2012
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช ืžื—ืงืจ
03:41
scouting for fossils your age and type
92
221916
2389
ืฉืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ื
03:44
or just an amateur collector
93
224305
2000
ืื• ืกืชื ืืกืคื ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช
03:46
hoping for a fortuitous find.
94
226305
3002
ืฉืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:49
She whacks away at layers of rock above you
95
229307
3078
ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืœืข ืžืขืœื™ื›ื
03:52
or spots your fossil exposed
96
232385
1712
ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื—ืฉื•ืฃ
03:54
in a creek bank after a flood.
97
234097
2329
ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ.
03:56
And there you are,
98
236426
2186
ื•ื”ื ื” ืืชื,
03:58
a magnificent scientific discovery,
99
238612
2852
ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื“ืขื™ ืžืจืชืง,
04:01
millions of years in the making!
100
241464
3086
ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”!
04:04
She and her colleagues gently extract you
101
244550
2171
ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื—ืœืฆื™ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช
04:06
from the surrounding sediment,
102
246721
1828
ืžื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื,
04:08
measure and photograph
103
248549
1425
ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฆืœืžื™ื
04:09
all the bits and pieces they find,
104
249974
2212
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื,
04:12
and begin the complex task of reconstructing
105
252186
2640
ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ
04:14
how and when you lived
106
254826
1910
ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ืชื ื•ืžืชื™
04:16
based on the evidence they find in your bones.
107
256736
3930
ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
04:20
Paleontologists will be some of your biggest fans
108
260666
3840
ืคืœืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
04:24
along with all those admiring crowds at the museum.
109
264506
3542
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ.
04:28
You made it!
110
268601
1889
ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื!
04:31
You spent years underground in obscurity,
111
271094
3291
ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช,
04:34
shedding blood,
112
274385
1041
ื”ืงื–ืชื ื“ื,
04:35
sweat,
113
275426
829
ื–ืขื”,
04:36
tears,
114
276255
577
04:36
and your internal organs.
115
276832
2425
ื“ืžืขื•ืช,
ื•ื”ืื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
04:39
You worked yourself to the bone
116
279257
2178
ื”ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื“ ื”ืขืฆื
04:41
until your bones disintegrated
117
281435
2210
ืขื“ ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•
04:43
and were replaced by minerals and sediments.
118
283645
3564
ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงืขื™ื.
04:47
But it was all worth it
119
287209
2972
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื”
04:50
because you're a famous fossil!
120
290181
3555
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกื!
04:53
Now, you better hold that pose!
121
293736
4337
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7